THE AMPHIBIA OF THE INDO-AUSTRALIAN ARCHIPELAGO with 29 illustrations BY Dr P N VAN KAMPEN Professor at the University, Leiden Leiden E J — 1923 BRILL Ltd a PRINTED BY E J BRILL LTD., LEIDEN (HOLLAND) PREFACE In the preface to the two volumes of this series, describing the Reptiles of the indo-australian Archipelago, a short history about the I have given work on the Vertebrates of Dutch East-India began with the publication of a work on the It fishes of the Archipelago of which four volumes have already appeared With the valuable cooperation of Dr director of 's Lands Plantentuin J while and later on with that of VAN Leeuwen, the C at his successor Dr KONINGSBERGER, Buitenzorg, Java, W M DOCTERS plan got successively a wider original and the preparation of a series of handbooks of the vertebrate fauna of the Archipelago was recommended In 191 the aid of the government was gained for the publication of the two quoted volumes about the Reptiles, which were issued in 1915 and 191 It was then allowed to presume, that the governmental aid would also be bestowed upon a volume describing the indoaustralian Amphibia, which was under preparation by Prof P N van Kampen However, in 192 1, when the manuscript of his work was finished, the economical situation was so totally changed, that there was no chance to get the financial support from the government, necessary for issuing the scope volume This financial dilemna was solved by the „Zoologisch Insulindefonds", by the „Gresshoff-Rumphius-fonds" and by the „Leidsch Universiteitsfonds", who were ready to support the finances All those who are interested are therefore indebted and it is to the in fauna of this region the councils a pleasing duty of thanking of these institutions, them for their valuable help so cordially given The Amphibia in the present In 1907 Prof, of the of the indo-australian Archipelago described volume enumerate 254 van Kampen species published a same region which contained 194 list Amphibia The greatest of the species VI advance, since the publication of that of indo-australian Amphibia, list, in our knowledge due to the intensive scientific part of New Guinea by or dutch exploration of the western several dutch (between 1907 and 1921) and two british expeis The greatest part of the collected 1912) (1910, Amphibia were described by VAN Kampen in different papers In no less degree our knowledge about the distribution of Amphibia through the Archipelago was furthered since 1907 by scientific exploration of various islands by individual collectors and by scientific expeditions, dutch and otherwise ditions Kampen had Accordingly Prof, van fite the advantage to pro- of recently published results of other investigators and to by L Ph de BUSSY, Edw Jacobson and Jhr F C van Heurn; on the island Simalur by Edw JACOBSON; on the island Nias by J P Kleiweg DE Zwaan on Celebes by W KAUDERN; on Ceram by L F de Beaufort and L Rutten; on Buru by L J ToxOPEUS; on Waigeu by L F DE BEAUFORT dispose of extensive material collected in Sumatra ; These collectors deserve our thanks for contributing materially to the study of indian Amphibia We are under particular obligations to Dr K W Dammerman, Director of the Zoological Museum sending under his control; as also to Prof E D VAN OORT, Director and of Dr Th W VAN LlDTH DE Jeude, Curator of the Museum at Leiden, for the facilities given for studying the Amphibia under for study the Amphibia at Buitenzorg, for in the institution their charge In bringing this interested in volume before the public, those who are fauna of the Dutch East Indies the vertebrate be congratulated, that Prof, van Kampen presented to the study of the Amphibia of the Archipelago The discussion, at the end of the volume, of the distribution of the species on the various islands of the Archipelago and on the neighbouring continents of Asia and Australia, will be of much interest to students of zoogeography It is also a pleasure to acknowledge the interest of the publisher, the firma E J Brill, Ltd of Leiden, while this volume went through the press are to them with an able guide Prof Max Weber, Late Director of the Zoological of the University of Museum Amsterdam INTRODUCTION The great known from increase of the known from that region number of species of Amphibians which has taken place the Dutch East especially since the beginning of this century, seems to make a critical compilation of the very dispersed literature on this subject not superfluous In the present work I have given descriptions with synoptic tables of all Amphibians and tadpoles In Indies, confining its boundaries I followed the authors of the works on Fishes and Reptiles of this same series in extending them a little beyond the Dutch Archipelago So I included the whole of Borneo, Timor and New Guinea and also the island Pelawan, the fauna of which is closely related to that of Borneo, and the Bismarck archipelago, Solomon islands and a few other islands, which show the same affinity to New behind the name of a locality means that I have Guinea A ! seen one or more specimens from that locality For each species I cited only the more important literature, those papers in which further ones are quoted and those which contain synonymes or figures Papers issued before 1882, f i well-known Catalogue of Boulenger, as a rule are not mentioned, except those which the year of publication of the contain original descriptions here a short explication of the manner used I must add by me in taking the measures In the description of the adult with length I mean, if not otherwise stated, the disfrom the tip of the snout to the posterior end of the body The measures given are the largest ones which are known In measuring the length of the head I take the distance from the tip of the snout to the posterior border of the skull in the median line; its width is measured at the point, where the head is broadest, i e usually at its posterior end The length of the snout is taken from its tip to the anterior border animals tance VIII of the upper eyelid, depth its is the vertical distance between canthus rostralis and mouth, measured at the anterior border of the upper eyelid The width of the interorbital space is the the smallest distance between the upper eyelids tympanum measured along is In the tadpoles the zvidtli of the snout to the length of the its depth taken at is The number mula, its of series ! f i the tail is 3 / ' ' The size of greatest diameter of the body taken is in its broadest is meant the distance from the point of origin of the hind limbs; part; with length of the body tip its measured from this point to its tip, highest point, both crests included of horny teeth signifies: is indicated by a for- four series in the upper, three lower lip, the three lower (inner) ones of upper lip and the upper (inner) one of lower lip each being divided into two portions by a median interruption I wish to direct the attention of collectors on the fact, that only very few tadpoles of Indo-Australian Anura are the in known at present In collecting tadpoles, however, it is necessary (when it is impossible to rear them) to collect material of young and full-grown frogs at the same locality; otherwise the tadpoles usually fluid for I cannot be determined The best preservation tadpoles is have to express valuable assistance in formol my thanks to Prof many points I Max Weber am much for his indebted also to : Mr Th Barbour, Dr G A Boulenger, Prof L Dollo, Mr C Boden Kloss, Prof L Roule, Dr J Roux, Mr Malc Smith, Dr Th Vogt, Prof F Werner for useful mations and the sending of specimens for examination Leiden, July 1923 P N infor- VAN Kampen SYSTEMATIC INDEX AMPHIBIA Page Page I Gymnophiona Order Family Caeciliidae i Ichthyophis Fitz glutinosus (L.) monochrous (Blkr.) Order Anura Arcifera i 3- papuensis Wern 30 graminea Blgr 5- montana spec? 9- rueppelli Bttgr Family Pelobatidae Nesobia nom nov natunae (Gthr.) J/^/^/jrj'jKuhl&v.Hass ligayae Taylor mo7itana Kuhl&v.Hass nasufa (Schlg.) .34 11 12 ouwensi Barb 16 albolabris Wand 39 arfakiana Ptrs 10 i7- wolterstorffi & Dor (Wern.) 20 chloronota (Blgr.) 16 21 jeudei 17 22 bicolor (Gray) 23- impura 18 24 macgregori Dgl.-Og 18 25- genimaculata Horst 18 26 macrops Blgr 19 27 thesaurensis Ptrs 19 28 lutea Blgr 21 29 solomonis Vogt 21 3°- everetti Blgr fletcheri Blgr Ranaster Macl convexiusculus Macl Crinia Tschudi signifera Girard 37 37 atropunctata nom nov 37 14 longicrus (Blgr.) 38 16 mela?iopyga (Doria) 42 Wern Ptrs 39 40 41 42 43 44 & Dor 45 46 47 48 49 50 50 51 Gthr 22 32 spenge/i Blgr 22 33 militaria (Ramsay) 51 54 papua Blgr 22 34 humeralis Blgr granti Blgr 23 35< aruensis Horst 24 36 sanguinolenta Hyla Laur 35 i3- 3* infrafrenata 35 fallax Blgr brachypus (Wern.) Batrachopsis Blgr Family Hylidae Nyctimantis Blgr Dor 33 19 wollastoni Blgr balue?isis (Blgr.) & Ptrs 18 pratti Blgr 30 31 eucnemis Lonnb 32 obsoleta Lonnb 32 bernsteini Horst 15 gracilis (Gthr.) Family Cystignathidae Phanerotis Blgr 29 13 hasselti (S Mull.) 28 amboinensis Horst 10 Kamp v 7- II rhacophorus v 55 56 56 Kamp 57 Page 38 angiana Blgr 39 congenita Ptrs 40 rubella & vagab unda (Meyer) Ptrs & (?) Family Brevicipitidae 63 Dor 63 64 dorsalis (Macl.) 65 Family Bufonidae 65 Mocq miser a hosii Blgr 2 guentheri Blgr 68 macrotis Blgr 69 signata Blgr 70 borbonica (Boie) 70 maculata Mocq 71 picturata Smith .#//[/"