THE TRANSACTIONS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON VOLUME XVII LONDON: PRINTBU BY RICHARD AND JOHN E TAYLOR, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET: SOLD AT THE SOCIETY'S HOUSE, SOHO-SQUARE; AND BY LONGMAN, REES, ORME, BROWN, GREEN, AND LONGMAN, PATERNOSTER-ROW; AND WILLIAM WOOD, TAVISTOCK-STREET, COVENT-GARDEN MDCCCXXXVII CONTENTS I Description of the Organ of Voice nus Buccinator, Richardson) new Species of IVild Swan (CygBy William Yarrell, Esq., F.L.S 8^ in a Z.S II page Descriptions of three British Species of fresh-water Fishes belonging to Genus Leuciscus of Klein the By William Yarrell, ^ Esq., F.L.S Z.S III Observations on the Tropseolum David Don, IV On Libr By Mr pentaphyllum of Lamarck L.S 11 the Adaptation of the Structure of the Sloths to their peculiar Life By the Rev Mode of William Buckland, D.D., F.R.S F.L.S F.G.S., and Professor of Geology and Mineralogy in the University of Oxford ) V Observations on Naticina and Dentalium, two Genera of Molluscous Animals By the late Rev Lansdown Guilding, B.A., F.L.S VI Monograph of the East Indian Solaneae By Christian Godfrey Nees von Esenbeck, M.D., F.M.L.S., President of Naturce Curiosorum, and Professor of Botany in lau 29 the Imperial Academy the University of Bre.s- 3/ CONTENTS vi On VII VIII Lycium of the late Dioscorides By John Forbes Royle, Esq., F.L.S., Superintendant of the Hon East India Company's Botanic Garden at Saharunpore / Review of the Natural Order Myrsinese page 83 By M Alphonse De Candolle, Honorary Professor and one of the Directors of the Botanic Garden at Geneva 95 On IX the Modifications of referred to the Estivation observable in certain Plants, formerly X Additional Observations on the Mr David Don, L.S XI A By Mr David Don, Genus Cinchona Libr Libr L.S Tropseolum pentaphyllum of Lamarck By 145 Commentary on (the late) 139 the Fourth Part of the Hortus Malabaricus Francis Hamilton, M.D., F.R.S and L.S By 147 XII Memoir on the Degree of Selection exercised by Plants, with regard the Earthy Constituents pi-esented to their Charles Daubeny, M.D., F.R.S L.S G.S., and Chemistry XIII in the University Absorbing Surfaces S^c, Professor of Botany of Oxford Review of the Order of Hydrophylleae to By 253 By George Bentham, F.L.S Esq., 267 XIV On Diopsis, a Genus of Dipterous Insects, with Descriptions of Twentyone Species By J O Westwood, Esq., F.L.S 283 XV Descriptions, 8^c of the Insects collected by Captain P P King, R.N., F.R.S., in the Survey of the Straits of Magellan Esq., F.L.S Esq., ; A H Haliday, Esq., M.A ; F.L.S XVI Description of a new By John Curtis, and Francis Walker, 315 Species of the Genus Chameleon By Mr Samuel CONTENTS "HI Stutchbury, A.L.S., and Curator of the Bristol Philosophical ListituPag^ =^61 tion XVII Observations on the Genus Hosackia and George Bentham, Esq., F.L.S American the 363 Characters of Embia, a Genus of Insects allied XVIII (Termites) By ; By Loti to the fVhite Ants with Descriptions of the Species of which it is composed 369 O Westwood, Esq., F.L.S J Auctore XIX De Marchantieis Thoma Taylor, M.D., S.L.S 375 XX On a new Arachnide uniting the Genera Gonyleptes and Phalangium 397 By the Rev F W Hope, M.A., F.R.S F.L.S XXI On the Eriogonese, a Tribe of the Order Polygonaceae Bentham, XXII By George 401 Esq., F.L.S Observations on the By Joseph Woods, Species of Fedia Esq., 421 F.L.S L.S XXIII Remarks on some British Ferns By Mr David Don, Libr XXIV 433 by Descriptions of Five new Species of the Genus Pin us, discovered 439 L.S Dr Coulter in California By Mr David Don, Libr XXV Some Account of the the Dead Sea Galls found on a Species of By Aylmer Bourke Lambert, Oak from the Shores of Esq., F.R.S F.P.L.S., 445 8sc Note on the Mustard Plant of the Scriptures XXVI On several new or imperfectly understood By Charles % Mr Lambert British 449 and European Plants C Babington, M.A., F.L.S F.G.S., S^c 451 CONTENTS viii Observations on the Development of the Theca, and on the Sexes of XXVII Mosses XXVIII On Esq., XXIX By William the Nervous System of Molluscous Animals By Robert Garner, 485 F.L.S By David Don, Descriptimis of Indian Gentianese Prof page 465 Valentine, Esq., F.L.S Bot Kings Coll Esq., Lihr L.S., Lond 503 Observations on the Esula Major Germanica of Label XXX By Edward 533 FoRSTER, Esq., F.P.L.S F.R.S Notice respecting a Native British Rose, first described in Ray's XXXI Synopsis, as discovered by F.R.S XXXII James Sherard By Joseph 539 8s L.S., 8sc Descriptions of some new Species o/"Diopsis By J O Westwood, Esq., 543 F.L.S., 8sc On Sabine, Esq., Letter to Genera of Orchideous Epiphytes By Mr Robert A B Lambert, Esq., V.P.L.S H SCHOMBURGK 551 XXXIII In a XXXIV the Identity of three supposed Extracts don XXXV from the Minute-Booh of the Linnean Society of Lon553 Extracts from the Council Minute-Booh of the Linnean Society of London 56/ Catalogue of the Library of the Linnean Society List of Donors to the Library of the Linnean Society Donations to the Museum of the Linnean Society 571 589 597 TRANSACTIONS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY I Description of the Organ of Voice in a By William Buccinator, Richardson) Read March I AM new Species of fVild Swan (Cygnus Yarrell, Esq., F.L.S 8^ Z.S 20th, 1832 indebted to the liberality and kindness of Dr Richardson for an example of the sternum and trachea of a new species of wild swan, the Cygnus Buccinator of the Fauna Boreali-^mei-icana, Part Dr Richardson II., of Mr Swainson and a work in ornithology unexampled for beauty of illustration ; and accuracy of detail The possession of this valuable and probably unique specimen affords me an opportunity of placing before the members of the Linnean Society the following description and drawing The this newly discovered known which interesting vaiiations swans, species, as will be observed in the organ of voice in compared with the same parts cisive of specific distinction ; and the shape and colour of the beak ; particularly it is the number worthy of ; —from notice, that as of the tail-feathers of the tube of the trachea within the cavity of the sternum of the bronchiie in other an additional proof of the value of internal evidence as de- is the modifications observed in them ; ; the course and the form all ; —have been considered satisfactory as establishing the claim of Cygnus Beivickii to rank as a species distinct from the VOL XVII Hooper: the same B parts, external as well as ; Mr Yarrell's Description of the Organ of Voice internal, in Cygnus Buccinator, will be found to be all equally distinct from both Cygnus Buccinator is common swan the most countries of North America ; and it is in the interior of the fur- to this species, which is called the Trumpeter, that the largest portion of the swan-skins imported by the Hudson's Bay Company belong These swans probably require five or six years their full at to arrive size; but this point attained, they are considerably larger than the oldest Hooper The beak of the Trumpeter entirely black, without is any of the yellow- orange colour so conspicuous in the Hooper and Bewick's swan at the same time and more larger, longer, new species The forehead alone ; and, being depressed, at once distinguishes this is tinged with rust-colour, and this tint prevails over a larger space in younger specimens third quill-feather of the wing is ; the rest of the plumage the longest ; pure white is the tail-feathers 24 in : the number the legs black The trachea is made up branous spaces as of narrow bony rings and small intervening far as the first convolution within the breast-bone, but the returning portion of the tube, forming a second convolution, broader and stronger bony rings with wider intervals of structure it resembles the trachea of the Hooper the sternum, as also in the form of the bronchise, The mem- ; it is is composed of In these peculiarities but in course within its decidedly diff'erent trachea, after descending by the neck, passes backwards within the keel and between the two plates of the breast-bone to the depth of six inches, then curving horizontally and slightly inclining upwards, returns, at the side of, and afterwards the whole distance A over, the first inserted portion, near second curve of this returning portion is two first by thirds of then suddenly elevated two inches above the line of the superior surface of the keel, and traverses the interior of a hollow circular protuberance on the dorsal surface of the sternum itself The usual ascending curve of the trachea then ensues, by which the tube, ultimately receding, gains the internal cavity of the breast The bone is placed over the centre of the protuberance before The bronchise are but two inches each in length, small at their of divarication mentioned new Species of IVild Swan in a expanded throughout depressed, being one inch one line the intermediate portions, and somewhat origin and greatly at their junction with the lungs, but wide, and only eight lines in depth as in the Hooper The muscles of voice are the same in number and situation and Cygnus Beivickii the greatest The whole length of the sternum is nine inches three lines, width four inches the hollow protuberance on ; its internal surface which by a sudden rounded elevation of the superior bony plate, height one inch at the sides, and measures in length as also in in width nine lines ; is is formed compressed six lines, and of the from the edge of the keel to the upper surface protuberance three inches five lines comparison with other measurements are here inserted for Part of the Transactions those of our British wild swans in the last-published The following of this Society Inches Lines Point of beak to the end of the 70 tail edge of the forehead 411 eye occiput 24 Carpus to the end of the primaries Tail-feathers, in number, 24 ^ middle toe and nail the breast-bone ^ Length of tarsus • A fine Depth of insertion of the trachea Length of the bronchial tubes preserved specimen of the Trumpeter in the Bay Company, detailed Two in Fenchurch museum Street, afforded the external skins of swans of the same of the Hudson's measurements here species in the collection of the smaller in their Zoological Society are from younger birds, and are somewhat several dimensions be recollected, has but one decided convolution of the Bewick's swan has also trachea within the sternum, and that one is vertical subject, it will be seen, but one convolution, and that horizontal our present The Hooper, it will ; ; b2 ; Mr Yarrell's Description of the Organ of Voice in a new fVild Swan has two convolutions within the sternum, of very opposite character in their directions ; the bronchise also differ materially from both The representa- tions of the various parts, on comparison with those already published, will render these differences much more apparent than and the examination of them will, I trust, Cygmis Buccinator of Dr Richardson is this concise description convince ornithologists that the a species perfectly distinct from any hitherto made known EXPLANATION OF Fig I Side view of the sternum, a section having been trachea in TAB its made to show the natural situation The anterior portion of the sternum, seen from above The inside of the hollow protuberance The protuberance, seen from the right side The bronchise, seen from the side The bronchise, seen from above The bone of divarication, side view The same bone, seen from above The muscle of voice in its course along the tube of the trachea — — Catalogue of the Library of the Linnean 58G 1925 List of the 1926 List of the 1927 List of the 1616 List of the Societij — Members of the Royal Society for 1831 34 4to Members of the Geological Society London, 183.' i- t r, Robert Wight, M.D F.L.S., &c ., Mrs t-wDickson i D Don, Esq Libr L S A Collection of dried Plants, chiefly from the"! vicinity of Calcutta J H H Wilson, A Collection of Bird-skins and Alexander MacLeay, Esq., F.L.S Colonial Secretary, New South Wales Insects from New Holland A J Series of Specimens of native Woods, col-"| New Holland by the late Mr lected in George Caley A "1 Copy of I t^, The t^ Executors ,• of » the late Mr ^ George ^' J the Print engraved from the Statue! of the late Sir Joseph Banks in the British > Museum Esq., Secretary of the Asiatic Society of Calcutta The Committee of the Subscribers for conducting the execution of the Statue 598 Donations to the Museum of the Linnean Donations Society Donors Specimens of marine Algae and Zoophytes from \ Cantain Belcher the shores of Sicily and Gibraltar J ^ An A extensive Collection of dried the Himalaya Mountains Plants from! , | Collection of dried Plants from the Good Hope A Cape of! • , ti • • i -rr t o Brooke, Esq F.L.S r t> ^"''^' J RN 17 r> n^^T-wr-rc ^"'^^^ R°yl^' ^-D- F-L.S > J«'*"» > Glass Case of various Specimens of dissected"! Leaves and Fruits, showing the Arrange- >- Mrs Robinson, ment of their Fibrous tissue J Specimens of Species of Hosackia George Bentham, Esq F.L.S The Specimens of dried Plants, collected by thai late Mr Douglas in California J A Collection of dried rica the by »u 1 » late Plants u/r Mr made in North Ame-^ J homas T-i Drummond, r T'u A.L.S Council of the Horticultural Society of London d- u.ti ^.^ ^i -c tt-v he Right Honourable the barl or Derby, t^, A 1 t o p J Specimens of a Species of Psittacidae from the -) Friendly Islands, and Specimens of a Species of Trichomanes and Spiridens, together > Thomas Nightingale, Esq with some Fruits of Trees, mostly from the [ J Navigators' Islands I Portrait of M De Candolle Richard Taylor, Esq Under Sec L.S The Specimens of Corallines A u Lithographic Print of Calymene arachnoidesT 17 vir v, T vv ncemngns laus r^f nnlrlfnsc f" of Goldfuss J A Council of the Royal Asiatic Society • iample of the dried Leaves of ErythroxylonT The Medico-Botanical Society of LonSample Coco J