BÀI MẪU THAM KHẢO ĐỀ 10/11/2018 BY NGOCBACH (10/11/2018) Some people think governments should spend money on faster means of public transport However, others think money should be spent on other priorities (such as the environment) Discuss both views and give your own opinion Essay Plan:  Introduction: refer to the question statement Own opinion – agree that other priorities are more important  Paragraph 2: it is useful to spend on faster means of public transport – to reduce the use of cars (1) in cities – park and ride; integrated transport; light rail systems: Hong Kong (2) fast inter-city trains: Japan’s bullet trains  Paragraph 3: agree that other priorities are more important – the environment (1) global warming and human extinction (2) reduce pollution – health benefits of clean air and water (3) investment in renewable energy – reducing carbon footprint  Conclusion: although it is good to spend of faster public transport, spending on the environment is a more important priority Essay: It is true that some people believe that there should be increased spending by national and local authorities on a faster public transport network While this would provide useful benefits, I agree with those who consider that government resources should be allocated to more important priorities, especially protection of the environment On the one hand, investment in faster means of public transport would, above all, encourage a reduction in the use of private cars In terms of travelling in the city, traffic grinds to a halt during peak commuting times Many cities have reduced this problem by spending public money on park and ride schemes, integrated transport systems or have followed the example of Hong Kong in + Để tìm hiểu thơng tin khóa học IELTS Package (Khóa học online bao gồm dịch vụ chữa speaking, writing) thầy Bách bạn vào www.ngocbach.com mục “Khóa học IELTS Package nhé” + Liên hệ với IELTS Ngoc Bach, bạn vào www.ngocbach.com mục “Liên hệ.” introducing light rail transit systems Such steps have speeded up journey times by easing traffic flow From a nationwide perspective, faster inter-city rail services, such as Japan’s famous bullet trains, have also encouraged motorists to leave their cars at home On the other hand, I concur with the view that it is more important for governments to prioritize expenditure on other areas, particularly the environment Firstly, the consequences of an ecological crisis will be farreaching If global warming continues, for example, humanity faces the possibility of extinction and no cost is too high for governments to pay in order to prevent such a catastrophe Secondly, spending on reducing pollution will bring benefits for health, especially in cleaner air and water Finally, by providing funding for renewable energy, governments will be able to meet their international obligations to reduce their carbon footprint In conclusion, although money should be spent on developing faster public transport, I believe that public spending on other priorities such as the environment is more important 285 words Vocabulary from government:  national and local authorities Meaning: government organisations acting at a national level, or within a smaller local area Example: Tackling crime is a responsibility of both national and local authorities  to allocate resources to Meaning: to make money and materials available to something Example: If governments allocate more resources to improving public transport, this will reduce the problem of traffic congestion in cities  to prioritize expenditure on Meaning: to put the need to spend money on certain things before others Example: I believe that it is important to prioritize expenditure on medical research in order to save lives  to provide funding for Meaning: to give money to enable something to be done + Để tìm hiểu thơng tin khóa học IELTS Package (Khóa học online bao gồm dịch vụ chữa speaking, writing) thầy Bách bạn vào www.ngocbach.com mục “Khóa học IELTS Package nhé” + Liên hệ với IELTS Ngoc Bach, bạn vào www.ngocbach.com mục “Liên hệ.” Example: Providing money for health care must be a priority of governments Vocabulary from transport:  to grind to a halt Meaning: to go slower and then stop completely Example: In my city, Paris, traffic regularly grinds to a halt during the rush hour  commuting times Meaning: the time when people travel to and from work Example: Companies should introduce flexible working hours to cut the commuting times of employees  park and ride schemes Meaning: a system designed to reduce traffic in cities, in which people park their cars on the edge of the city and then take a special bus or train direct to the town centre Example: A park and ride scheme would be very effective in reducing the number of cars in city centres  an integrated transport system Meaning: a system of timetables so that bus and train services are connected and work together successfully Example: An integrated transport system would make it convenient for people to change buses and trains to complete their journeys without long waiting times  a light rail transit system Meaning: a system of electric trains, like a metro, running on lines in cities Example: Many large cities, such as Hong Kong, have had a light rail transit system for many years  to speed up journey times Meaning: to reduce the amount of time spent travelling Example: The creation of special bus lanes would speed up journey times and encourage more people to use bus services + Để tìm hiểu thơng tin khóa học IELTS Package (Khóa học online bao gồm dịch vụ chữa speaking, writing) thầy Bách bạn vào www.ngocbach.com mục “Khóa học IELTS Package nhé” + Liên hệ với IELTS Ngoc Bach, bạn vào www.ngocbach.com mục “Liên hệ.”  to ease traffic flow Meaning: to enable traffic to move more easily Example: Bus lanes help to ease traffic flow in cities Vocabulary from the environment:  an ecological crisis Meaning: a serious situation that occurs when the environment of a species or population changes in a way that threatens its survival Example: Environmental degradation caused by human activity is provoking an ecological crisis which threatens our existence  global warming Meaning: the process by which the Earth is getting hotter, as a result of the increase of carbon dioxide and other gases in the atmosphere Example: Perhaps the major environmental challenge which faces humanity today is global warming, because it threatens our survival  renewable energy Meaning: energy is renewable when its source, such as the sun or the wind, cannot be exhausted or can be easily replaced Example: Governments should give grants of money to companies which develop renewable energy, such as making solar panels for buildings  carbon footprint Meaning: a measure of the amount of carbon dioxide that is produced by the activities of a person, company or nation Example: By providing subsidies, governments should encourage companies to reduce their carbon footprint through energy efficiency or other ‘green’ measures Other vocabulary:  far-reaching [adjective]: Meaning: likely to have a lot of influence or many effects Example: The organisation will make some far-reaching changes, by totally modernising its structure  catastrophe [noun]: + Để tìm hiểu thơng tin khóa học IELTS Package (Khóa học online bao gồm dịch vụ chữa speaking, writing) thầy Bách bạn vào www.ngocbach.com mục “Khóa học IELTS Package nhé” + Liên hệ với IELTS Ngoc Bach, bạn vào www.ngocbach.com mục “Liên hệ.” Meaning: a sudden event that causes many people to suffer Example: The successful prediction of the earthquake gave an early warning and prevented a major catastrophe + Để tìm hiểu thơng tin khóa học IELTS Package (Khóa học online bao gồm dịch vụ chữa speaking, writing) thầy Bách bạn vào www.ngocbach.com mục “Khóa học IELTS Package nhé” + Liên hệ với IELTS Ngoc Bach, bạn vào www.ngocbach.com mục “Liên hệ.” ... học IELTS Package (Khóa học online bao gồm dịch vụ chữa speaking, writing) thầy Bách bạn vào www.ngocbach.com mục “Khóa học IELTS Package nhé” + Liên hệ với IELTS Ngoc Bach, bạn vào www.ngocbach.com... học IELTS Package (Khóa học online bao gồm dịch vụ chữa speaking, writing) thầy Bách bạn vào www.ngocbach.com mục “Khóa học IELTS Package nhé” + Liên hệ với IELTS Ngoc Bach, bạn vào www.ngocbach.com... học IELTS Package (Khóa học online bao gồm dịch vụ chữa speaking, writing) thầy Bách bạn vào www.ngocbach.com mục “Khóa học IELTS Package nhé” + Liên hệ với IELTS Ngoc Bach, bạn vào www.ngocbach.com