THE BASHFORD DEAN MEMORIAL VOLUME ARCHAIC FISHES Edited By EUGENE WILLIS GUDGER Part I INTRODUCTION TABLE OF CONTENTS AND ARTICLES I, 11, III, IV, V NEW YORK PUBLISHED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES 1930-1933 PART I TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION William K Gregory ARTICLE I Memorial of Bashford Dean, page 1867^1928 Plates I-VIII (7 Portraits), text-figures and 2, pages 1-42 Eugene Willis Gudger and Bertram G Smith II The Segmentation of the Egg of the Myxinoid, Bdellostoma Based on the Drawings of the Late Bashford Dean Plates III I and II, text-figures and 2, stouti, pages 43-62 43 J Leroy Conel The Genital System OF THE Myxinoidea A Study Based on Notes and Drawings of These Organs in Bdellostoma Made by Bashford Dean : Plates I-V, text-figure, pages 63-110 63 Anatol Heintz IV The Structure of Dihichthts: A Contribution to Our Knowledge OF the Arthrodira Plates I-IX, text-figures 1-91, pages 111-242 Ill Eugene W Gudger and Bertram G Smith V The Natural History of the Frilled Shark, CHLAMrOOSELACHUS AHGUIHEUS Plates I-V, text-figures 1-31, pages 243-330 243 56610 III INTRODUCTION The Dean Memorial Volume will be apparent chiefly upon it as a foundation; but it is also of historical interest as a document both of science and of civili2ation as they were during the latter half of the nineteenth century and during the first decade or two of the twentieth century In that period descriptive embryology held a high place in the interest of zoologists and though many of its problems still call for more complete answers, it helped to lead the way for studies on cell lineage and on the mechanism of cell division and eventually led to the value to science of the Bashford who to those will build further recognition of the significance of chromosomes But Bashford Dean, following closely in Dohrn, and von Kupfer, collected and studied his fossil and the footsteps of Balfour, recent fishes and amassed his material illustrating the embryology of fishes, primarily because he was interested in evolution in general and especially in the origin, branching of the major groups of fishes many thousands rise and And since the known species of fishes number far by one man, he diligently sought out and concentrated his efforts on the oldest known fossil fishes and on the most archaic and primitive These included the lampreys and hagfishes (cyclostomes), the fishes of the present day frilled shark, the cestraciont or heterodont sharks, the chimaeroids and the survivors of the ancient lungfishes and ganoids, especially Acipenser, Polyodon, Polypterus, Lepidosteus, too to be investigated and Amia Dean made voyages to various him to collect continuously, he In search of material manifestly impossible for active international cooperation of Japanese, American, the collection and exchange of material students W — N R Harrington, L Hussakof, He W parts of the world but, as it was availed himself freely of the then German, and English also assigned many E Kellicott, R C scientists in special problems to his Osburn, C R Stockard, K Gregory and B G Smith between 1891 and 1912, Dean published his memoirs and papers on the oldest fossil sharks, on the fin'fcld origin of the paired fins, on the embryology of the hagfishes, on chimaeroid fishes and their development and on the embryology of the Ganoids Aci^e?iser, Amia and Lepidosteus Meanwhile, as traced in Article I of this volume, Dean's abiding interest in the collection and the history of arms and armor culminated in his career as Curator of Arms and Armor in the Metropolitan Museum of Art These duties, together with his responsibility for bringing the Bibliography of In the period — Fishes to publication, conspired to delay the completion of his later zoological projects After his retirement from the curatorship in the Metropolitan Museum in November, Dean planned to take up and finish his long'delayed work on certain archaic fishes This plan was broken off for which material had been collected in Japan years before by his untimely death on December 6, 1928 1927, After Dr Dean's death, examination of his scientific relicta brought to light a large done in the best certain archaic specimens of master), and himself was a he which Japanese technique (of sharks and of their eggs and embryos It was soon seen that these would be lost to science amount of zoological materials, consisting of notes, photographs, drawings Bashford VI Dean Memorial Voluyne and continued effort should be made to organize, reproduce and publish the results of these studies in unless a well-planned, well-supported classify, record, study, interpret, on these materials Some measure of the deep and abiding impress of Dean's character and achievements afforded by the record of activities undertaken in his honor and memory by his col- a series of papers based is leagues and former students during the fourteen years since his decease First, the Bashford Dean Memorial Committee was organized on January 18, 1929 first formal meeting of the committee was attended by President Henry Fairfield Osborn, Director George H Sherwood, Dr William K Gregory (Curator of the Depart' ment of Fishes), Mr John T Nichols, Dr E W Gudger, Dr Bertram G Smith, Miss Francesca La Monte, and Mr Alexander McMillan Welch representing Doctor Dean's The Dr Gregory was elected permanent chairman and the following subcommittees were appointed Subcommittee on Memorial Exhibit: Doctor Gregory, Miss La Monte, Doctor family Sherwood Subcommittee on Memorial Tablet: President Osborn, Mr Nichols, Mr Welch, Miss La Monte Subcommittee on Memorial Publications: Dr Gudger (Editor), Drs Gregory, Smith, and Leroy Conel, and ex ojficio, Mr Hawthorne Daniel (Curator of Publications) Subcommittee on Finances: Cleveland E Dodge, Evelina B Perkins, Alexander M Welch, Francesca La Monte (Treasurer) Next, the Bashford Dean Memorial Exhibit of Fossil Fishes in the American Museum of Natural History was planned, installed and dedicated to his memory on June 10, 1929 This exhibit sets forth many of the choicest fossil fishes which had been collected by Dean himself and by his teacher and predecessor Professor John Strong Newberry of Columbia University, whose famous collection Dean had secured for the Museum Portrait plaques of both Dean and Newberry were installed on either side of the entrance to the exhibit, together with their field notebooks and sketches President Osborn, Dean's colleague both at Columbia University and in the American Museum, welcomed the guests and spoke on Dean's life work Dr Gudger reported on the plans for the Memorial to Dr Dean About the same time the Bashford Dean Research Room in the Museum was set apart for research in ichthyology and for the reception and care of his ichthyological library, which he had left to the Museum together with a fund for its maintenance In response to letters sent out by the Subcommittee on Finance, contributions came in from Dr Dean's colleagues, friends and former students in America and Europe After paying the sculptor, the companies which cast the plaques, and all accessory expenses, a considerable sum of money was left This, it was determined, should be applied to the publication of a Bashford Dean Memorial At first it was planned merely to issue an Atlas of Dean's collection of colored drawings of embryological and kindred material with appropriate legends But it was publication of a Introduction soon realized that so productively articles it if would serve better which Dean had labored his materials should be used as the prime basis for a series of original by competent authorities The to advance the science in vii to make a Bashford Dean Memorial Volume: Archaic was made possible by continuing co' came the unfailing generosity of Mrs Bashford Dean and of Dr Dean's sister, Miss Harriet Martine Dean; secondly, there was the steady sup' port of the Museum, which agreed to publish the memoirs except for the cost of making and printing the lithographed plates; thirdly, came the enthusiastic labors of the editor, Dr E W Gudger, and of his collaborators, especially Dr Bertram G Smith, a former student of Dr Dean at Columbia University The work of preparing the majority of the Articles composing the Memorial fell to the lot of Dr Smith and Dr Gudger Dr Smith was a professor of anatomy in the New York University College of Medicine, and Dr Gudger was not only editor of the Dean Volume, but also bibliographer and associate curator of fishes in the American Museum Hence, since each man had heavy work of his own, the preparation of papers for the Dean Volume necessarily went forward slowly This will make clear why twelve years elapsed between the publication of Articles I and VIII However, the results of the Fishes realization of this ambitious project operation from many sides First, labors of all the collaborators speak for themselves making of the Bashford Dean Memorial Volume, the technical knowledge and persons has been utilized And it is our pleasure to make grateful acknowl' edgment of their devoted services The illustrations in the Volume came from many and various sources The hundreds of text-figures were made from Dr Dean's photographs and drawings, and from figures in scores of books and journals wherever they could be found to illustrate our authors' texts The illustrations from these latter sources were copied in our photographic studio, mainly by Charles H Coles and Thane Bierwert Then they were turned over to W H South' wick, who, at the very beginning of the work on Article I was chosen as artist of the Dean Memorial Volume Working with the editor, he prepared all the figures for reproduction His judgment and skill are reflected in the high quality of the illustrations In the skill of many as reproduced herein All half-tone cuts and plates were made by the Sterling Engraving New Company of York City, whose representative, Mr Harry Duysters, freely gave the editor the and judgment Certain woodcuts used in the text are of historical interest The first investigator to study the Japanese frilled shark was Samuel Garman of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts The illustrations for his researches on the anatomy (1885), antedating the day of line-cuts and half-tones, were made from woodcuts When Dr Thomas Barbour, Director of the Cambridge Museum, learned of our work here, with great courtesy he had all these woodcuts collected and sent to us Even after fifty years a number of these blocks were in such good shape that they were used in illustrating Articles VI and VII of this Volume benefit of his experience Bashford VIII Dean Memorial Volume Most of the illustrations for the article on the Structure of Dinichthys were prepared by the author, Dr Anatol Heintz;, Curator of the Paleontological Museum, Oslo, Norway Dr Heintz; came to the United States in 1930 to study the Arthrodire material in various museums here He worked at the American Museum for several months, chiefly with the fossil remains of Dinichthys interynedius Newberry, assembled by Newberry, Dean and others The publication of Dr Heintz;'s Article as no IV in the Dean Volume is very fitting since this enigmatic fish and its numerous fossil relatives had engaged Dr Dean's attention and study during many years The scores of drawings for the plate figures of Articles II, III, VII and VIII were made in part by Dr Dean and in part by Japanese artists working in Japan and in New York under his personal direction Prepared in a technique suitable only for reproduction by lithography, the majority are in pencil (gray) but many others are beautifully done in the natural colors of the eggs and embryos However, there was little uniformity in their arrangement and in other essential features, and the final preparation of these plates presented many difficulties to the editor and his assistants It was not until each figure had been photographed and the prints had been trimmed and arranged in dummy plates that satisfactory plates for reproduction by lithography could be produced The lithographed plates of Articles Nos II, III, VII and VIII were made by the well-known firm of A Hoen and Company of Baltimore, Maryland The head of the firm, Mr A B Hoen, took personal charge of our work Being in New York frequently, he came to the Museum, advised as to the order and arrangement of figures on the plates, and later with authors and editor he studied the proofs of the plates and advised as to The finished printed plates reveal the integrity with which the superb corrections originals have been reproduced The printing of this under Stephen Klassen, Museum's Print Shop, at under Edward Burns whose skill is reflected in the Volume later has been done in the first fine typography and layout of the Volume To Albion Haddon grateful appreciation is tendered for their excellent work The very full Analytical Subject Index was prepared by Miss Jannette M Lucas with great care and skill In short, it has been the aim of all concerned in the production of this printers Bailey Lewis, Memorial Volume to bring out a work worthy of dedication Dominick Caggana, and to the imperishable memory of Bashford Dean William K Gregory, Chairman Dean Memorial Committee THE BASHFORD DEAN MEMORIAL VOLUME ARCHAIC FISHES Edited By EUGENE WILLIS GUDGER Article I MEMORIAL OF BASHFORD DEAN BY WILLIAM K GREGORY Curator of Ichthyology American Museum of Natural History NEW YORK PUBLISHED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES Issued December 15, 1930 MEMORIAL OF BASHFORD DEAN 1867-1928 By William K Gregory THE BASHFORD DEAN MEMORIAL VOLUME ARCHAIC FISHES EDITED BY EUGENE WILLIS GUDGER Published by The American Museum New Article No Memorial of Bashford Dean by W text-figures Price $1.25 of Natural History York City K Gregory, pp 142, pis (7 portraits), THE BASHFORD DEAN MEMORIAL VOLUME ARCHAIC FISHES Edited By EUGENE WILLIS GUDGER Article III THE GENITAL SYSTEM OF THE MYXINOIDEA: A STUDY BASED ON NOTES AND DRAWINGS OF THESE ORGANS IN BDELLOSTOMA MADE BY BASHFORD DEAN By J LEROY CONEL Professor of Anatomy Boston University School of Medicine NEW YORK PUBLISHED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES Issued September 25, 1931 THE BASHFORD DEAN MEMORIAL VOLUME ARCHAIC FISHES EDITED BY EUGENE WILLIS GUDGER Published by The American Museum New Article No I Article York City Memorial of Bashford Dean, text-figures of Natural History by W K Gregory, pp 142, plates (7 portraits), Price $1.25 II The Segmentation of the Egg of the Myxinoid, Bdelhstoma stout;, based on the Drawings of the late Bashford Dean; by Eugene Willis Gudger and Bertram G No Smith; pp 43'62, plates, text-figures Price 60 cents THE BASHFORD DEAN MEMORIAL VOLUME ARCHAIC Edited FISHES By EUGENE WILLIS GUDGER Article IV THE STRUCTURE OF DIMCHTHYS A CONTRIBUTION TO OUR KNOWLEDGE OF THE ARTHRODIRA By ANATOL HEINT2 Curator of the Paleontological Oslo, Museum Norway NEW YORK PUBLISHED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES Issued June 15, 1932 THE BASHFORD DEAN MEMORIAL VOLUME ARCHAIC FISHES EDITED BY EUGENE WILLIS GUDGER Published by The Amercan Museum of Natural History New York City Article No I Memorial of Bashford Dean, by W (7 portraits), text-figures K Gregory 1930, pp 142, plates Price $1.25 II The Segmentation of the Egg of the Myxinoid, Bdellostoma stouti, Based on THE Drawings of the late Bashford Dean; by Eugene Willis Gudger and Bertram G Smith 1931, pp 43-62, plates, text-figures Price 60 cents Article No Article No III The Genital System Drawings of these Organs CoNEL in of the Myxinoidea: Bdellostoma 1932, pp 63-111, plates, text-figure Made A Study Based on Notes and by Bashford Dean; Price $1.75 by J Leroy THE BASHFORD DEAN MEMORIAL VOLUME ARCHAIC Edited FISHES By EUGENE WILLIS GUDGER Article V THE NATURAL HISTORY OF THE FRILLED SHARK CHLAMYDOSELACHUS ANGUINEVS By EUGENE W GUDGER Bibliographer and Associate in Ichthyology American Museum of Natural History AND BERTRAM Professor of New G SMITH Anatomy York University NEW YORK PUBLISHED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES Issued T^ovemher 23, 1933 THE BASHFORD DEAN MEMORIAL VOLUME ARCHAIC FISHES EDITED BY EUGENE WILLIS GUDGER Published by The American Museum of Natural History New York City Article No I Memorial of Bashford Dean, plates (7 portraits), text-figures by W K Gregory 1930, pp 1'42, half-tone Price $1.25 The Segmentation of the Egg of the Myxinoid, BdeUostoma stouti Based on THE Drawings of the late Bashford Dean, by Eugene Willis Gudger and Bertram Article No II G Smith Article No III 1931, pp 43-62, lithographed jjlates, text-figures The Genital System Drawings of these Organs in of the Myxinoidea: BdeUostoma Made 1932, pp 63-110, lithographed plates, text-figure Article A A Price 60 cents Study Based on Notes and by Bashford Dean, by J Leroy Conel Price $1.75 Contribution to our Knowledge of the No IV The Structure of Dinichthys: Arthrodira by Anatol Heintz 1932, pp 111-241, half-tone plates, 91 text-figures Price $2.50 ... of Bashford Dean William K Gregory, Chairman Dean Memorial Committee THE BASHFORD DEAN MEMORIAL VOLUME ARCHAIC FISHES Edited By EUGENE WILLIS GUDGER Article I MEMORIAL OF BASHFORD DEAN BY WILLIAM... in the American Museum, welcomed the guests and spoke on Dean' s life work Dr Gudger reported on the plans for the Memorial to Dr Dean About the same time the Bashford Dean Research Room in the. .. Appendix A: Other Biographical and Memorial Sketches of Bashford Dean 35 Appendix B: Resolutions and Memorial Minutes Relating to Bashford Dean 35 Appendix C The : Bashford Dean Research and Memorial