/ SCOTTISH NATIONAL ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION r EE POET ox THE SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE VOYAGE OF "SCOTIA" S.Y DURING THE YEARS 1902, 1903, AND 1904, UNDER THK LEADERSHIP OF WILLIAM LL D., S BRUCE, F.R.S.E Volume //.—PHYSICS Part I.— METEOROLOGY, by R C Mobsman, F.R.S.E tl.— MAGNETISM, by Charles Chree, Sc.D., F.R.S., and R C MossMAN, F.R.S.E „ III.^TIDES, by Sir George H Darwin, K.C.B., F.R.S EDINBURGH: ^Oe Scotti^O ©cranocjrajpljical Eafjoratorg* SOLD AT THE SCOTTISH OOEANOGRAPHICAL LABORATOEY JAMES THIN, bh SOUTH BRIDGE, EDINBURGH JAMES MACLEHOSE & SONS, 61 ST VINCENT STREET, GLASGOW ; ; 190 Price, One Gidiua c Scot Plate Nat Ant Exp Meteorological Observations of Scottish National Antarctic Expedition Omimd Scottish and Argentine House, Scotia Bay, South Orkneys Scientific Staffs The six to tlie left are the Scottisli Party, the five to the right are the Argentine Party (steward) serving with both Expeditions Mr Mossman and Wni Smith I EDITORIAL NOTE Parts L, II., and III of Volume II are the first of the Scientific Reports of the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition to appear in book form They contain Magnetic, and Tidal results of the Expedition been thought inadvisable to keep back this portion of Volume portant nature of It has the Meteorological, the rest was ready, in view of the extremely im- II till Mr Mobsman's monograph on the Meteorology of the "Scotia," and because the Council of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, without questioning the merits of the paper, felt themselves, on financial that monograph through the and other technical grounds, unable Society's Transactions, as they have done in to pass the case of several of the biological contributions In Meteorology the Scottish Expedition was particularly strong, that department, no better man could have been secured than for, as director of Mr Robert C Mossman was in charge of the principal Meteorological Station in Edinburgh from 1900, and acted frequently as interim-superintendent at Ben Nevis Observatory Mr Mossman 1886 to He also spent the winter 1901-1902 near the head of Glen Nevis, studying the meteor- ology of the Glen, especially in relation to Fohu winds, having the advantage both of Summit and Low the research.* Level Ben Nevis His memoir on the Meteorology of Edinburgh, Royal Society of Edinburgh, 1896-1902, Mr Mossman was workmanship Mr D W Wilton and the Summit, Mid, and scientific staff", assistance Observatories the leader of the Expedition, Low aid him in that the Transactions of the remain a monument of masterly supported by two other trained meteorologists, namely Level stations of the Captain Robertson and the The will ever in to who had both had long late Ben Nevis experience at Observatories The ufiicers of the " Scotia" also rendered valuable " Scotia" Meteorology has furthermore the very great advantage that the results have been worked up by the man who directed operations in the field Mr Mossman also undertook the Magnetic work, and the Expedition is indebted to Dr Charles Chree for his able discussion of that subject Dr Chree has praised in the highest degree the excellence of Mr Mossman's work in this department Captain Thomas Robertson, master of the " Scotia," superintended the Tidal Observations, being assisted by the scientific staff" and officers of the ship These observations were placed * Since that time the Observatories have been closed because the adequately finance them British Government refused to EDITORIAL NOTE in the hands of Sir George Darwin, important and whom we have to thauk cordially for discussing this ditticiilt section of the work London for passing the Magnetic and Tidal discussions through their Transactions, and paying the primary cost In return for this, Thanks are due to the Roj^al Society of the Scottish Expedition has allowed these reports to appear in the Scientific Reports of the "Discovery," as an addition to the valualjle magnetic work done by that Expedition, which was specially fitted The kindness, out for that research courtesy, and valuable help of Sir Archibald Geikie in the publication of the Magnetic and Tidal reports are also gratefully acknowledged Acknowledgment in lendino- When some due to Messrs William Blackvfood & Sons to see hand over to for their courtesy of the blocks for the illustrations the " Scotia" put into Buenos Aires for refitting, Government to is if approached the Argentine I they would continue the work of the Scottish Expedition, offering them Omond House and its fittings, some stores, instruments that could not be got together in so short a time I and to lend any also offered a passage on board the " Scotia" to any scientists they might choose, and to put the station into good order This ofter-was accepted by President Roca and Mr Walter G Davis (of the Oficina Meteorologica; Argentina) the work, to place the services of I furthermore offered, in order to enhance Mr Robert C Mobsman at the disposal of the Argentine Republic, should he be agreeable to continue in charge of the station All was successfully arranged, and to-day we have as the result the most valuable piece of meteorological and magnetic research going on that has yet been done in the this Antarctic Regions, owing to the enthusiastic way in which that energetic American Republic took up the suggestion that they should follow up the work South initiated by the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition Before, and appointment more especially since, the Mr Mossman to take up an Argentine Republic, Mr R T Omond, departure of in the Meteorological Ofiice of the one of the most earnest supporters of the Scottish Expedition from its initiation, has given us his constant and valuable help in revising proofs, and in giving that unique advice which only one, who has been long connected with meteorology at institutions such as the Ben Nevis Observatories and the Scottish Meteorological Society, I gratefully acknowledge his services, and cordially thank him give WILLIAM S Editor is able to BRUCE, CONTENTS PART I.— METEOROLOGY I'AGE METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONvS MADE DURINCx THE VOYAGE •• LAURIE ISLAND, SOUTH METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS MADE AT ORKNEYS METEOROLOGICAL LOG OF THE -'SCOTIA" • 109 191 • METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS MADE AT CAPE PEMBROKE, FALKLAND ISLANDS 217 • • • RESULTS OF THE METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS TAKEN DURING THE SCOTTISH NATIONAL ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION:— OBSERVATIONS TAKEN AT SEA METEOROLOGY OF THE SOUTH ORKNEYS 248 • • 258 OBSERVATIONS AT CAPE PEMBROKE, FALKLAND ISLANDS 284 NOTES ON THE METEOROLOGY OF THE WEDDELL SEA 304 PART INTRODUCTORY REMARKS By Dr NOTES By Mr R C IJ.— MAGNETISM C Mobsman, F.R.S.E DISCUSSION OF THE OBSERVATIONS PART 309 Chree, F.R.S By Db C 309 312 Chree, F.R.S III.— TIDES TIDAL OBSERVATIONS MADE DURING THE VOYAGE OF THE "SCOTIA," 1902-1904 By Sir George Darwin, K.C.B., F.R.S 321 31919 ^