ANNALS CARNEGIE MUSEUM Volume XII 1919 W J HOLLAND, Editor Published by the Authority of the • Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Institute January and December, 1919 PRESS OF THE NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANY LANCASTER, PA TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGES Title-page and Table of Contents i-iii List of Plates iv List of Figures in Text v List of Species and Varieties Xew to Science vi-viii Errata et Corrigenda ix : Editorial Notes r-3 Obituary Notes: L A Charles Rochester Eastman, Andrew Arnold Lambing, Herbert Huntington Smith By W J Holland 347-363 Catalog of the Collection of Watches Belonging to Mr H Heinz of Pittsburgh and Deposited by him By Douglas Coggeshall Stewart, W J in J the Carnegie Holland, and A S 4- 32 ^ n Report upon the Material Discovered the Uinta Basin by Earl Douglas in by O A Peterson 33-39 Henry John Heinz, Museum ; in 1912 By Upper Eocene of the Years 1908-1909, and in the 40-168 O A Peterson in Contributions to the Study of the Fresh-water Fishes of the Island of Formosa IV On Elephenor, A New By Masamitsu Oshima Genus of Fishes from Japan 169-328 By David Starr Jordan V A Description Jennings Index 329-342 of Cypripedium passerinum By Otto E 343^344 345-369 Vv3 7/ LIST OF PLATES I (Frontispiece) Watch which belonged to Lord Nelson (Heinz Collection) II-IV Portable Sun-dials, 1618-1720 (Heinz Collection) \'-XXXn Watches XXXIV XXXV contained in the Heinz Collection Canids from the Uinta Canids from the Uinta, XXXVI XXXVII Artiodactyls from the Uinta XXXVIII, Artiodactyls from the Uinta XXXIX XL XL I Ungulates from the Uinta Achcenodon Protoreodon from the Uinta Restoration of Skeleton of Protoreodon medius XLII Perissodactyls from the Uinta XL II I XLIV XLV Helaletes and Epihipp us Perissodactyls from the Uinta Prothyracodon uinlense XLVI Prothyracodon from the Uinta XLVII Artiodactyls from the Uinta XLVI 1 Pseudobagrus taiwanensis; P adiposalis; Liobagrus nantoensis XLIX Formosania gilberti; Labeo jordani L Scaphesthes tamusuiensis; Puntius snyderi; Spinibarbus hollandi LI Recumbent spine of S hollandi; Gnathopogon iijimce; Phoxiscus kikiichii LII Cidtcr aokii; Macropodus filamentosus LIII Rhinogobius tahoamis; R formosanus; Glossogobins parvus LIV Caristius japonicus; Elepheiior macropus LV Platyberyx opalescens; PteracUs LVI Bentenia LVII Pterycombus brarna; PteracUs LVI II PteracUs velifera cesticola ocellatus; trichipterus Centra phoUs goodei LIX Cypripediuin passerinum LX Portrait of Charles Rochester LXI Portrait LXII Portrait of Eastman Andrew Arnold Lambing of Herbert Huntington Smith LXIII Portrait of Henry John Heinz iv LIST OF FIGURES IN TEXT PAGES D'Orsay presented to the Carnegie New York The City first Museum by vehicle Messrs Healey lighted by electric batteries Fig I 2- & Co of storage- 37 Oxycenodon dysclerus " 44 " 44 60 Paramys compressidens Ischyrotomus gidleyi 63 Sciuravus altidens 64 Prosciurus matthewi 64 66 Pareumys milleri Hylomeryx annectens 9- " " 10 " " 1 68 69 70 80 Achcenodon insolens 12 Parahyus vagus 13 Protoreodon medius 14 Protylopus peter soni 15 Protylopus annectens 16 Diagram expressing 82 Vertebral column as found in Left cubonavicular, etc field 85 90 91 relationship of Hypertragulidae lOi 17 Isectolophiis annectens 119 18 Hyrachyus grande 129 19 Hyrachyus grande; Hyrachyus princeps 129 GENERA, SPECIES, AND VARIETIES NEW TO SCIENCE DESCRIBED IN THIS VOLUME, OR REDESCRIBED Plants SPERMATOPHYTA Family Orchidaceae Cypripedium passerinum Richardson (Redescribed) 343, p PI LIX Fishes Family Silurid.e Pseudobagrus taiwayiensis Oshima p 180, PI Pseudobagriis adiposalis Oshima p 181, PI Liobagrus nantoensis Oshima p 183, PI XLVIII, XLVIII, XLVIII, fig i Formosa fig Formosa fig Formosa 1-2 Formosa Family Homalopterid.e Formosania (gen nov.) gilberti Oshima p 194, PI XLIX, figs Family Cyprinid.e Labeo jordani Oshima 204, p PI XLIX, p 209, PI L, Formosa fig i Formosa Formosa fig Acrossocheilus (gen nov.) Oshima, p 206 (Type Gymnostomus formosanus Regan.) Scapheslhes (gen nov.) tamnstliensis Oshima Puntius snyderi Oshima p 216, L, PI fig Spinibarbus (gen nov.) hollandi Oshima p 218, PI L, fig 3; LI, fig I * Gnathopog07i iijimce Oshima Phoxiscus (gen nov.) kikuchii Oshima Aristichthys (gen nov.) Oshima Cutter aotiii p p 246, Oshima PI, 219, p 216, PI, LI, (Type p LI, Formosa Formosa fig Formosa fig Leiiciscus nobilis (Gray) 250, PI LI I, fig i ) Formosa Cultricutus (gen nov.) Oshima, p 252 (Type Cutter teuciscutus Kner, non Basilewsky = Hemicutter kneri Kreycnberg.) Family Labvrinthici Macropodus Jitumentosus Oshima p vi 278, PI LII, fig Formosa New Genera, Species and Varieties to Science vii Family Gobiid.'E Rhinogohius taiwanus Oshima Clossogobitis parvus LI 1, p 298, PI Rhinogohhis formosanus Oshima 300, PI LIII, p Oshima fig i Formosa fig Formosa 305, PI LIII, p fig Family Elephenorid.e fam nov Jordan (Type Elephenor macropus Elephenor gen nov Type Caristius (Bellotti) Jordan.) macropus (Bellotti) Jordan., pp 329-334 Family Pter.\clid^ Centropholis goodei Jordan (nom nov for Pteraclis carolinus non Cuv & Valenciennes) Good & Bean, pp 332, 333 Mammals (Fossil) CARNIVORA Family Oxy^nid^ Limnocyon douglassi Peterson, XXXIV, p 45, PI figs 11-14 Uinta Eocene 6-10 Uinta Eocene 3-5 Uinta Eocene Family Miacid^ Mimicyon (gen nov.) longipes sp nov Peterson p 48, PI Prodaphcenus (?) XXXIV, figs robustus sp nov Peterson p 50, PI XXXIV, figs Pleurocyon (gen nov.) magniis sp nov Peterson XXXV Uinta Eocene p 59 Uinta Eocene p 60, fig Uinta Eocene p 52, PI Pleurocyon mediiis sp nov Peterson RODENTIA Family Ischyromyid^ Paramys compressidens sp nov Peterson Paramy s mediiis sp nov Peterson XXXIV, p 61, PI Ischyrotomus gidleyi sp nov Petenson p Sciuravus altidens sp nov Peterson p Prosciurus (?) robustus sp nov Peterson figs 15-22 Uinta Eocene 63, fig Uinta Eocene 64, fig Uinta Eocene p 65 fig Uinta Eocene ARTIODACTVLA Subfamily HoMACODONTiN^ Hylomeryx (gen nov.) annectens sp nov Peterson pp 67-71, PI XXXVI, Sphenomeryx (gen nov.) quadricuspis figs sp p 71, PI 5-6, text-figs 8-10 Uinta Eocene nov XXXVII, figs 15-16 Uinta Eocene viii New Genera, Species and Varieties Mesomeryx to Science (gen nov.) granger i sp nov Peterson XXXVII, p 73, PI 17 Uinta Eocene XXXVII Uinta Eocene XLI Uinta Eocene- 14, text-fig 15 Uinta Eocene fig Family AnoplotheriiD/E Diplobimops (gen nov.) matthewi, sp nov., Peterson p 76, PI Family Agriochcerid^ Protor odon medius sp nov Peterson p 82, PI XL, figs 1-16; pi Family Camelid.^ Protylopus annectens sp nov Peterson p 91, PI XXXVII, fig Family Hypertragulid.^ Leptotragulus medius sp nov Peterson p 94, PI XXXVII, figs 1-4 Uinta Eocene PERISSODACTYLA (To IsECTOLOPHiD.E fam nov Peterson, p 115 {non = Systemodon Cope) Hay Homogalax include Peterson nom 7iov & for Iseciolophus latidens Scott Homogalaxin^ subfam nov Peterson, Parisectolophus Osborn, etc.) p 116 (Type gen Homogalax Hay, non = Systemodon Cope.) IsECTOLOPHiN.E subfam nov Peterson, p 116 Isectolophus scotti sp nov Peterson p 120, PI Pariseclolophus nom nov XXXIV, fig for Isectolophus latidens Scott 23 & Uinta Eocene Osborn, Peterson Henry's Fork, Wyoming p 121 Schizo'ophodon (gen nov.) cuspidens sp nov Peterson p 122, PI XLIV, fig Uinta Eocene Family Hyracodontid.e Ilyrachyus grande sp nov Peterson, p 129, text-figs 18-19 Uinta Eocene 10-16 Uinta Eocene fig Uinta Eocene Prothyracodon uintense sp nov Peterson p 134, PI XXXVl, fig i; pi XLV; Pi XLX'I, figs CHALICOTHEROIDEA Eomoropus annectens sp nov Peterson p 139, PI XXXVI, \ ERRATA ET CORRIGENDA P 64, fifth line from top, for "near base " read near P 65, third line from top, for " P 69, fifteenth line from top, P-" top read P- for " protero " read postero P 76, fifteenth line from top, for " Plate XXXVII " read Plate XXXVIII P 86, third line from bottom, for " Culbertsoni " read culbertsoni P 92, sixteenth line from top, for " a paratype of " read belonging P 95, fourth line from top, for " to A proavus " read L proavus P 113, third line from bottom, for " to those " read those P 124, First footnote belongs to p 123 P 128, second line from top, for " Fig " read Fig P 138, thirteenth line P 141, eighth line from top, for from bottom, '' cutitalis " read cubiialis for " 103 " read 104 P 142, third line from bottom, for " type " read paratype P 144, second and fourth P 148, sixth line lines from top, from bottom, for " paratype " read for " upper " read lower P 154, fifth to sixteenth lines from bottom, For " Capoeta," where found, read Capoeta for " 30 " read 3016 For " Distwchodon," where found, read " DistcEchodon.'' type 366 Index Kuhlia, 279, 312 marginata, 279, 312 Kuhliidae, 279, 312 Labeo, 197, 203, 310 jordani, 170, 204, 310 labeo, Hemibarbus, 211, 310 Labyrinthici, 275, 312 Lambing, Monsignor Andrew Arnold, death of, 34; Obituary of, by W J Holland, 351-353 latidens, Isectolophus, 103 Parisectolophus, 121 latipes, Oryzias, 170, 256, 312 Leptaceratherium trigonodum, 128 Leptalophiodon annectens, 126 Leptolophiodon (Isectolophus) annectens, 115 Leptomerj'x evansi, 94, 95 transmontanus, 95, 96, 97 Leptoreodon marshi, 98 Leptotragulus, 96 medius, 94 proavus, 93, 95 profectus, 97 Le Roy, Julien: watchmaker, 14 Letters from men of science, 38-39 Limnocyon douglassi, 45 potens, 46 verus, 44, 45, 47 Link, John, in Officers' Training Camp, 34 Liobagrus, 175, 182, 309 formosanus, 171, 184, 309 nantoensis, 170, 183, 309' Liza, 268, 273, 312 troscheli, 274, 312 longipes, Colodon, 115 Mimocyon, 48, 52 Lophiodon isselensis, 114 nanus, 112 Lophiodontidae, 104 Lycarion (Vulpavus) hargeri, 52 macrolepis, Ishikauia, 171, 228 Macropodus, medius, Leptotragulus, 94 Paramys, 61 Pleurocyon, 59 Protoreodon, 82, 84 Merycoidodon, 84, 85, 86 culbertsoni, 86, 87 mesembrina, Metzia, 241, 311 Mesohippus, 103 Mesomeryx grangeri, 73 Mesonychidse, 41 Metriotherium, 75 Metzia, 198, 241, 311 mesembrina, 241, 311 Miacidae, 48 Miacis parvivorus, 49 vulpinus, 48, 54 Miller, Paul C, 86 milleri, Pareumys, 66 Mimocyon longipes, 48, 52 minor, Protoreodon, 83 Misgurnus, 187, 309 anguillicaudatus, 187, 309 decemcirrosus, 189, 309 minus, Paloplotherium, iio-iii minusculus, Dilophodon, 113 mite, Caenopus, 128 modestus, Hyrachyus, 122 molitrix, Hypophthalmichthys, 170, 244 311 moltrechti, Pararasbora, 224, 310 Monopteridae, 259, 312 montanus, Bunomeryx, 72 Mouillacitherium, 75 Mugil carinatus, 170, 268, 272, 312 cephalus, 170, 268, 312 oeur, 268, 270, 312 Mugilidae, 268, 312 Muridae, 66 Murie, O J., in aviation service, 34 nantoensis, Liobagrus, sp nov., 170 nanus, Helaletes, 103, 104 Nelson's (Lord) Watch, nitidens, Sciuravus, 64 nobilis, Aristichthys, 170, 246, 311 170, 277, 312 filamentosus sp nov., 170, 278, 312 macrops, Chanodichthys, 248, 311 macropus, Elephenor, 329-334 maculatus, Ophicephalus, 281, 283 magnus, Pleurocyon, 52 Mammalia of the Eocene of the Uinta Basin, 41 marginata, Kuhlia, 279, 312 marshi, Leptoreodon, 98 matthewi, Diplobunops, 76 mauritiana, Anguilla, 262, 312 meadi, Palaearctonyx, 56 obliquidens, Protapirus, 125 Prothyracodon, 131, 132, 133, 137 ocellatus, Pteraclis, 332, 334 Rhodeus, 170, 232, 311 ceur, Mugil, 268, 270, 312 ommaturus, Acanthogobius, 307, 313 opalescens, Platyberyx, 329-334 operculatus, Polyacanthus, 170, 312 Ophicephalidae, 281, 313 Ophicephalus, 281, 313 maculatus, 281, 283, 313 276, 367 Index Ophicephalus tadianus, 281, 282, 313 Oodectes herpestoides, 54 proximus, 49 Orohippus progressus, 102 Oromeryx plicatus, 98 Oryzias, 255 312 latipes, 170, 256, 312 Oshima, Masumitsu, "Contributions to the Study of the Fresh-water Fishes of the Island of Formosa," 169 ovatus, Vulpavus, 60 Oxacron-Caenotlierium, 75 Oxyaenodon dysclerus, 42, 43, 44 dysodus, 42, 43 Oxyaenidae, 42 oxycephala, Eleotris, 288 pachycephalus, Zacco, 235, 240, 311 Palaearctonyx meadi, 56 Palaeomeryx, 74 Palaeotherium, no Paloplotherium minus, iio-iii papilio, Bentenia, 329-334 Pappichthys plicatus, 41 paradoxicus, Protoreodon, 83 paradoxus, Barbodes, 213, 310 Parahyus aberrans, 82 vagus, 81, 82 Parameryx sulcatus, 99 Paramys compressidens, 60 delicatus, 61 (Ischyrotomus) petersoni, 61 medius, 61 robustus, 61, 62 sciuroides, 61 uintensis, 61 Pararasbora, 198, 224, 310 moltrechti, 224, 310 Parasalanx, 173 acuticeps, 171, 173, 174, 309 ariakensis, 170, 173, 174, 309 Parasilurus, 175, 309 asotus, 176, 309 Pareumys milleri, 66 Parisectolophus latidens, 118, 121 parva, Pseudorasbora, 170, 222, 310 parvivorus, Miacis, 49 parvus, Epihippus, 102 Glossogobius, sp nov., 170, 303, 305, 313 Protoreodon, 83 passerinum, Cypripedium, 343 Perissodactyla, loi petersi, Centropholis, 329-334 Peterson, O A Report upon the material discovered in the Upper Eocene of the Uinta Basin by Earl Douglas in the years by O A Peterson 1908-1909, and 2, 40-165 in 191 Petersoni, Paramys, 61 Protylopus, 88, 92 Phoxiscus gen nov., 170, 198, 225, 310 kikuchii sp nov., 170, 226, 310 Pinchbeck, Charles, 20 Pinchbeck, composition of, 20 Platyberyx, 329^334 opalescens, 329-334 platycephalum, Caenopus, 128 platypus, Zacco, 235, 311 Plecoglossus, 171, 308 altivelis, 172, 308 Pleurocyon magnus, 52 medius, 59 plicatus, Oromeryx, 98 Pappichthys, 41 Poebrotherium, 89, 90, 96 Poeciliidae, 255, 312 Polyacanthus, 170, 275, 312 operculatiis, 170, 276, 312 potens, Limnocj'on, 46 Prentice, Sydney C, 40 prince ps, Hyrachyus, 130 priscum, Schizotherium, 139 proavus, Leptotragulus, 93, 95 Procynodictis vulpiceps, 51, 52 Prodaphaenus (Miacis) uintensis, 51 (?) robustus, 50, 54 scotti, 51 profectus, Vulpavus, 54, 58, 60 progressus, Orohippus, 102 Prosciurus (?) robustus, 65 Protagriochaerus annectens, 76, 77, 86, 87 protapirinum, Homogalax, 118 Protapirus obliquidens, 125 simplex, 125 validus, 125 Prothyracodon obliquidens, 131, 136, 137 uintense, 134, 135, 137, 138 132, Protoreodon medius, 82, 84 minor, 83 paradoxicus, 83 parvus, 83 pumilus, 83 Protylopus, 90, 92 annectens, 91, 92, 99 petersoni, 88, 92 proximus, Oodectes, 49 Pseudobagrus, 170, 175, 178, 309 adiposalis sp nov., 170, 178, 181, 309 brevianalis, 178, 309 taiwanensis sp nov., 170, 178, 180, 309 Index 368 Pseudogobio, 198, 220, 310 brevirostris, 221, Siluridae, 175, 310 Pseudorasbora, 198, 222, 310 parva, 170, 222, 310 Pseudotapirs of the North American Eocene, 103 Pteraclidae, 331, 334 Pteraclis, 329, 331, 334 carolinus, 332, 334 ocellatus, 332, 334 trichipterus, 332, 334 velifera, 331, 332, 334 309 simplex, Protapirus, 125 sinensis, Anguilla, 171, 262, 267, 312 Smith, Herbert Huntingdon, death of, 35; Obituary Account of, by W J Holland, 354-359 snj^deri, Puntius sp nov., 170, 216, 310 Sphenomeryx quadricuspis, Pterycombus, 329-334 brama, 329-334 pumilus, Agriochoerus, 85 Protoreodon, 83 Puntius, 197, 216, 310 snyderi sp nov., 170, 216, 310 71 Spinibarbus gen nov., 170, 197, 217, 310 hoUandi sp nov., 170, 218, 310 Stewart, Douglas, with American Red Cross at Washington, 34 sulcatus, Parameryx, 99 "Systemodon"Homogalax, 103 « tadianus, Ophicephalus, 281, 282 taenia, Cobitis, 170, 192, 309 Pseudobagrus, sp nov., 170, 178, 180, 309 taiwanus, Rhinogobius, sp nov., 170, 295 298, 313 tamusuiensis, Scaphesthes, sp nov., 170, 209, 310 Tapiroidea, 104 Tapirs (Pseudo) of the North American Eocene, 103 temmincki, Zacco, 170, 235, 238, 311 Tompion: "Father of English watch- taiwanensis, quadricuspis, SphenomerjTC, 71 Quare: English watchmaker, 11 quercyi, Diplobune, 76, 77, 78 Reptilia of the Eocene of the Uinta Basin, 41 Rhinocerotoidea, 127 Rhinogobius, 170, 295, 313 candidius, 295, 313 caninus, 295, 301, 313 formosanus, 170, 295, 300, 313 giurinus, 295, 297, 313 taiwanus, 170, 295, 298, 313 Rhodeus 198, 232, 311 50, by Henr}' transmontanus, Leptomer\TC, 95 trichipterus, Pteraclis, 332, 334 trigonodum, Leptaceratherium, 128 Triplopus cubitalis, 132, 137 ocellatus, 170, 232, 311 robustus, Achaenodon, 80, 81 Paramys, 61, 62 Prodaphcenus, Prosciurus, 65 Rodentia, 60 making," II Torricellian tube constructed Jones, 12 Tritemnodon 54 agilis, troscheli, Liza, 47 274 tumirostris, Disteechodon, 170, 227, 311 Tylopoda, 89 Salangidae, 173, 309 Salmonidae, 171, 303 Scaphesthes gen nov., Types of Formosan Fishes Museum, 170, in Carnegie 171 197, 208, 310 tamusuiensis sp nov., 170, 209, 310 Schizolophodon cuspidens, 122 Schizotheriinse, 139 Schizotherium priscum, 139 Sciuravus altidens, 64 nitidus, 64 sciuroides, Paramys, 61 scotti, Prodaphaenus, 51 semifasciolata, Capoeta, 170, 214, 310 semilunata, Diana, 329-334 Shagreen, manner of manufacture, 18 Sicyopterus, 170, 287, 293, 313 japonicus, 170, 293, 313 Uinta Basin, Report upon the Material discovered in the Upper Eocene by Earl Douglas in the years 1908-1909, and by O A Peterson in 1912, 40 uintense, Achaenodon, 80, 81, 82 Prothyracodon, 134, 135, 137, 138 uintensis, Epihippus, loi Harpagolestes, 41, 42 Paramys, 61 Prodaphcenus (Miacis), 51 vagus, Parahyus, 81, 82 validens, Protapirus, 125 validus, Protapirus, 125 velifera, Pteraclis, 331, 332, 334 369 Index vcrus, Limnocyon, 44, 45, 47 \'iverra zibetha, 44 \'iilliainy, Justin; watchmaker, 17 \'ulpavus ovatus, 60 profectus, 54, 58, 60 viilpiceps, Procynodictis, 51, 52 viilpiniis, Miacis, 48, 54 Watclics: Collection of H J Heinz in Carnegie Museum By Douglas Ste- wart, VV J Holland, A S.Coggeshall, 4-32 Zacco, 198, 234, 311 pachycephalus, 235, 240, 311 platypus, 235, 311 temmincki, 170, 235, 238, 311 zibetha, Viverra, 44 Publications of the Carnegie Museum Serial No 97 ANNALS CARNEGIE MUSEUM Vol XII No I November, 1917 For sale by Messrs Win Wesley & Sons, 28 Essex St Strand, London England; Maruzen Company, Ltd., 11— 16, Nihonbashi Tori Sanchome, Tokyo, Japan; and al the Carnegie Museum Schenley Park, Pittsburgh, Pa., U S A CONTENTS Editorial I A Notes Catalog of the Collection of Watches Belonging to Mr H J Heinz and Deposited by him By Douglas Stewart, W of Pittsburgh the Carnegie Museum Holland and A S Coggeshall in J Publications of the Carnegie Museum Serial No loo ANNALS CARNEGIE MUSEUM Vol XII October, Nos 2-4 iQig* For sale by Messrs Wm Wesley & Sons, 28 Essex St Strand, London England; Maruzen Company, Ltd., 11-16, Nihonbashi Tori Sanchome, Tokyo, Japan; and at the Carnegie Museum, Schenley Park, Pittsburgh, Pa., U S A CONTENTS Editorial Notes 33 II Report Upon the Material Discovered in the Upper Eocene of the Uinta Basin by Earl Douglas in the Years 1908-1909, and by O A Peterson By III in 1912 O A Peterson 40 Contributions to the Study of the Fresh Water Fishes of the Island of Formosa By Masamitsu OSHIMA IV On Elephenor, 169 A New Genus of Fishes By David Starr Jordan A from Japan Description of Cypripedium passerinum E Jennings 329 By Otto Obituary Notes Charles Rochester Eastman Andrew Arnold Lambing Herbert Huntington Smith Henry John Heinz Index to Volume XII 346 350 3^3 363 ... Publications of the Carnegie Museum Serial No igo ANNALS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM Vol XII W J Nos 2-4 HOLLAND, Editor Published by the Authority of the Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Institute... that the invention of the clock The name and the date of the inventor of the invention of this val- uable instrument are both lost in the mists of mediaeval times In the year 1120 A D in the rules... Annals of the Carnegie Museum either gold or silver, after the quality of the metal has been ascertained by analysis at the Assay Halls of the Goldsmith's Company of London The privilege of assaying