NATIONAL ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION 1901-1904 NATURAL HISTORY Vol V ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY LONDON PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM 1910 (All Rights Reserved) Sold by Longmans and Co., 39 Paternoster Row, E.G DuLAU AND Co., Ltd., 37 Bernard Quaritch, SoHO Square, W ; ii Grafton Street, W ; and at The British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, London, S.W ; PREFACE TO VOL This, the fifth volume of the Voyage of V Eeport of the Natural History Eesults the S.S 'Discovery' sent in 1901 to the Antarctic of the Re gionS under Captain R F Scott, R.N., contains five reports on Animals and one on the Lichens collected by the Officers of the Expedition, and has been edited by Mr Jeffrey It hoped that another volume, treating of the is Radiolaria, conclude Bell Fresh Water Algse these Reports, which, said to have been produced and, possibly, some Polyzoa, isolated Polychseta, specimens, taking everything into consideration, more rapidly than such Reports generally may will be are Sidney F Harmer, Keeper of Zoology British Museum (Natural January nth, 1910 History) SUMMARY OF THE CONTENTS OF VOLS II.-V coNTAmma the eeports on zoology and botany so FAR AS PUBLISHED On Collecting in Antarctic) o > By m T t> -a t^t o V Hodgson, F.L.S Vol tit HL „ II „ V „ H a7 -ir i ZOOLOGY VERTEBRATA Mammalia (Whales Q f Seal-Embryos AvES and) ^ , PEROR AND AdELIE PeN- Pisces By Edward -c, \ ^ht A Wilson, h/t-d M.B- -By Dr H W Marett Tims -By Edward A Wilson, M.B On some Points in the^ Anatomy of the EmGUINS -d W gy ^ P Pycrapt rr H I j By G A Boulenger, F.R.S „ 11 „ V „ H TUNICATA By Prof W A Herdman, D.Sc, F.R.S PTEROBRANCHIA Cephalodiscus By W G Ridewood, D.Sc CONTENTS OF VOLS VI II.-V MOLLUSCA Cephalopoda Gastropoda Pteropoda nudibranchiata Amphinedra solenogastres Lamellibranchiata By W E By Edgar HoYLE, D.Sc, M.A A Smith, I.S.G By Sir Charles Eliot, K.C.M.G., LL.D By Sir Charles Eliot, K.C.M.G., LL.D By Edgar A Smith, LS.O By De H F By Edgar A Smith, LS.O Nierstrasz Vol CONTENTS OF VOLS II.-V ECHINODEEMA EOHINODERMA By Jeffrey Bell, M.A F Vol IV fBy Prof E W MacBride, M.A., F.RS.J and J C Simpson, B.Sc ) ECHINODERM LaRV^ ( " IV SIPUNCULOIDEA By W Lanchester, M.A F IV MYZOSTOMID^ By Dr Eudolf Ritter Stummer-Traunfels v IV CHiETOGNATHA By Dr G Herbert Fowler NEMATODA By Dr von Linstow III III NEMIIRTINEA By Prof L Joubin V CESTODA By Arthur E Shipley, F.R.S III CCELENTERA Alcyonaria By Tentacles of a Siphonophore Actinia S.'J HicKsoN, F.R.S (By Prof S J Hickson, Gravely I Hydroid Zoophytes Medusa Prof By Dr J Rennie -By Edward T By J Browne A Clubb, M.Sc POEIFEEA By E Tetraxonida By E Kirkpatrick Caloarea By C F Hexactinellida Kirkpatrick Jbnkin, B.A F.E.S., and F H, CONTENTS OF VOLS viii II.-V BOTANY MUSCI By Jules Cardot Vol III MARINE ALGM Ph^ophyce^ akd CORALLINACE^ By Mr FLORiDEJi: By M A and Mrs E FOSLIE S Gepp „ III • ,, III ,, V LICHENES By Dr Otto Vernon Dapbishiee CONTENTS OF VOL Y VERTEBRATA 1^.— Mammalia (Seal-Embryos) By Dr H W Marbtt Tims (21 pp., Pis.) TUNICATA By Prof W A Herdman, D.Sc, F.R.S (26 pp., Pis.) ARTHROPODA (B) IX.—IsopoDA By Mr T V CRUSTACEA Hodgson {77 pp., 10 Pis.) NEMERTINEA By Prof L Joubin (15 pp., Pi.) CCELENTERA v.—Medusa By Mr Edward T Browne (62 pp., Pis.) LICHENES By Dr Otto Vernon Darbishire (11 pp., PL) Atolla Wyvillii Periphylla Dodecabostrycha Fig Fig 1- LUCERNARIA VaNHOEFFENI LUCBKNARIA VaNHOEFFBNI Fig Fig [interior) [exterior) MEDUSAE PL VI L I C HE N E By Otto Veenon S Daebishire Plate.) (1 Including the material brought back by the British National Antarctic Expedition, there seem at the present moment to be recorded for the Antarctic continent, islands off its coast, about eighty-eight lichens In the Arctic regions a well-developed We lichen-flora extends well to the north of 80° N Lat group of plants is might expect, As far concerned, we have not yet reached the same same lichens on the Antarctic continent in the latitudes north, and the furthest-south lichens are recorded from about 78° and not lichens are found in small quantities only, accustomed in the case of the Arctic regions interest It is The S latitudes south as The southern Lat abundance to which we are have a double real Antarctic lichens and important new species, representatives in but they warmer all climes made some comparison between Europe, but in that instance " Flora Antarctica." I is possible observe that the species met with on the to new type of already known Antarctic continent not belong to any several in the therefore, to find as this particular Their presence shows under what adverse conditions plant-life also interesting and a few belong to genus, There are of course genera, or genera which have In a paper on the Lichens of the South Orkneys I the Antarctic lichens and arctic and alpine lichens of included the lichens enumerated by Sir J Hooker in his Only few of his plants came actually from the Antarctic continent not yet come to compare only the latter with the European species We must wait till more plants have been collected Not till then shall we be able to make suggestions regarding the origin of the lichen-flora of the Antarctic continent The time I is must mention that of the eighty-eight and confined to the Antarctic south of lichens recorded, thirty-eight species are new, 60° But we may expect many additions to the Antarctic lichen-flora during the next few years The lichen-material brought back by the British National Expedition includes But some of the plants were indeterminable, and in connection twenty-five species with these I would like to make a few remarks about the collection of lichens Lichens should not be preserved in spirit, until after they have been named It is next to impossible to determine even the larger lichens from such material, as their After collection they should be dried by colour has been removed by the alcohol exposure, and then packed in soft paper tightly to prevent rubbing of course be placed inside Very few botanists A label should are lichenologists, but on the other ; - V hand form par lichens DAEBISHIRE excellence the outposts of plant-life, and their collection greatest biological interest, as they occur in places where no other plants at all Mosses and Algae accompany the lichens only up to a certain point with more might have been found lichens Captain Scott Most ; but, as interesting it the discovery on is Gyrophora anthracina, Polycauliona The xanthum and first are if ' Discovery Mount Erebus ' at a Np doubt of very great interest is height of 1500 feet of Caloplaca citrina, and Neuropogon mela- regalis, from Mount Terror last of these four lichens are also recorded Of All but the second of the four are also Arctic species still greater importance the finding at the highest point reached on the ridge of the Western Mountains is, at a height of and a third But it The Harbour, feet Amongst it McMurdo Bay ' — that is any living organism at the twenty-five species of lichens, there were five lichens of the is — of a few bits of lichen Two bits remained indeterminable, true — was relegated to Lecanora subfusca some misgiving, of sufficient importance to discover is locality 5000 — with met an expert lichenologist had accompanied the material of the is, of the is Discovery at the ; and on the Western Mountains ' new all in such a to science were collected in the neighbourhood of Granite Winter Harbour on Mounts Erebus and Terror ; The various substrata on which the found are moss, felspar-porphyry, dark agglomerate, dark basic lava, dark basic basic scoriaceous lava, and light acid volcanic tuff", lichens Avere dark basic volcanic ash I have to thank Mr G H A Hickling for kindly naming the material on which the lichens were growing ENUMEEATION OF THE SPECIES Lecidea atjriculata Lecidea auriculata Th Fr Locality Th — Granite Fries, Lich Scand., p 499 Harbour, McMurdo Bay, January 20th, 1902, on felspar porphyry Notes.—The specimens of this species, only a belonged to the var diducens (Nyl.) Th Fr ; few apothecia of which were found, crusta fere nulla On the same stone were specimens of Placodium muroravi and an undetermined species of Endocarpon A few apothecia of Lecanora polytropa were also noticed on the same bit of porphyry Lecidea auriculata is also recorded from the Arctic regions and from the northern and alpine parts of Europe Ehizocarpon geographicum Rhizocarpon geographicum (L.) D.C Locality Notes Th Fries, Lich Scand., p 622 —Granite Harbour, McMurdo Bay, January 20th, —This species is 1902, on granite one of the most cosmopolitan of lichens It has been recorded for the Antarctic by MM Hue in its distribution (Charcot, no 16), and Wainio LICHENES (Belgica, p (S Orkneys, 31), and by Prof Blackman ('Southern Cross,' p 320), and myself p 2) Gyrophora anthracina Gyropliora anthracina (Wulf.) Krb Localities.—From Th Fries, Lich Scand., Mount p 165 Terror, October 21st, 1903, collected by Dr Wilson's The same little box contains a second label with " Mt Terror, October 27-28th, 1903, collected by E A Wilson," on it Cape Eoyds, on rock at altitude 1500 feet party January 11th, 1904, H (Erebus), T In both places the substratum was basic F scoriaceous lava Notes , — Only were found, and in both cases associated with Gyrophora anthracina has not previously been recorded small plants Neuropogon melaxanthum from the Antarctic, but it is common enough in arctic and alpine portions of Europe and America Gyrophora cylindrioa Tk Gyrophora cylindrka (L.) Ach Locality — Over damp Fries, Lich Scand., p 157 places on rocks (actual material not mentioned), Granite Harbour (New Bay), January 20th, 1902 Notes A few sterile specimens were found — alpine M Wainio records distribution its This species has a wide arctic and on the Antarctic continent presence (Belgica, p 10) Gyrophora Gyrophora Dillenii Tuck Locality — Over (New Bay), January Notes — This (Belgica, p 9) Tuck., N A L., vol damp 1, p Dillenii 87 places on rocks (material not specified) Granite Harbour 20th, 1902 species is recorded and Hue (Charcot, p from by MM Wainio McMurdo Bay, January 20th, 1902, on Canada and also 13) for the Antarctic Xanthoria lychnea Xanthoria lychnea (Ach.) Th Fr Th Fries, Lich Scand., Locality.— Gva.mte Harbour (New Bay), dark basic volcanic tuff ; there was also another specimen of the same species, but without any label or record of Notes M Wainio —This is a p 146 locality cosmopolitan species and (Belgica, p 22) and myself (S Orkneys, is recorded from the Antarctic by p 4) V DAEBISHIRE Placodiitm elegans Placodium elegans (Link) Th Fr Locality —Granite Th Fries, Lich Scand., p 168 Harbour (New Bay), McMurdo Bay, January 20th, 1902, on felspar porphyry —This Notes Antarctic records is a common by Dr Fries (Borchgrevink, Cross,' p 320), Prof We plant in most arctic and alpine regions 208), Prof p Vanhoeffen (German Antarctic), and myself Blackman (' Orkneys, (S have Southern p 3) Placodium murdrum Placodium murorum (Hffm.) D.C Localities Th Fries, Lich Scand., p 170 — Summit of Observation Winter Harbour, December 12th, 1902, Hill, on felspar porphyry and light acid volcanic ash " Eed January 20th, 1902, on dark basic 200 feet in moraine, —Nearly Notes For this reason the lava January 11th, 1904, H all Granite Harbour, Lichen, Cape Royds, at altitude of T F.," on basic scoriaceous above determination is open to doubt resemble the figures in Hooker's "Flora Antarctica," which are, Sir J lava the specimens were either poor to begin with or were damaged much however, marked Lecanora miniata M Wainio records distribution McMurdo Bay, it Hooker (Flora antarctica H., Our species Some of the specimens vol 2, plate is 198, fig 2, quite cosmopolitan in for the Antarctic (Belgica, p 28), and so did p 535) POLYCAULIONA REGALIS Polycauliona regalis (Wain.) Hue Locality H T F.," —The hesitation (S — " Cape Eoyds, at various altitudes up January 11th, 1904, to 1500 feet, on basic scoriaceous lava Notes The plant Hue, Charcot, no It is Orkneys, material has been determined as Polycauliona regalis with was preserved in spirit Antarctic only, in distribution, M Wainio (Belgica, p 3, plate 3, as some and had thus become almost unrecognisable Placodium fruticulosum) recording p 23) and myself it Caloplaca citrina Caloplaca citrina (Hffm.) Th Fr Th Locality.— Q&^Q Eoyds, Fries, Lich Scand., p 176 on rocks 1500 feet " H T F.," on basic scoriaceous lava Notes —This species is almost cosmopolitan up Erebus, January 4th, 1904, LICHBNES Squamaria chrysoleuca Squamaria chrysoleuca (Sm.) Nyl Th Fries, Lich Scand., —Granite Harbour, January —This plant an and Locality Notes 20tli, arctic is (Borcbgrevink, p « p 224 1902, on dark basic alpine tuff species, recorded by Dr Fries 208) for the Antarctic continent Lecanora epibryon Lecanora epibryon Ach Locality Notes Th Fries, Lich Scand., p 239 —Winter Harbour, December 15th, 1903, over moss on —A earth few apothecia were found, evidently belonging to the above The spores measured -013- -014 mm by -004- -005 mm This species from arctic America and Asia and from Europe, also from Kerguelen is species recorded Lecanora expectans (Plate Locality — Winter Harbour, December Diagnosis apothecia ad — Crusta mm immersa, margine distincto cincta instructa, '005-1006 mm Notes some — This plana, ; latae new 15th, 1903, over moss aut pallide rufescentia, discrete pruinosa, albido, crasso, demum elevatiora, contigua ; thallo semper margine sed ; Habitat supra muscos species resembles, in external appearance and by It is nearly related to habitat, Lecanora epibyron, but the disk of the apothecium, generally being darker in our and not smooth and its Rinodina turfacea, but on examination the difference in the nature of the spores is revealed also rougher primum hypothecium decolor, sed et angulosa sporae octonae, hyalinae, simplices, •014-*015 mm longae saepe species of Rinodina, such as differs in 2.) tenuissima, tartarea, albida aut cinerea, aut saepius obsoleta lata, nigra, gonidiis superimpositum et I., fig new species and shiny Lecanora lavae (Plate L, fig Locality.— SRmtQi: Quarters, on dark basic Diagnosis apothecia ad — 1.) tuif Crusta minute granulosa, pulverulenta, aut quasi obsoleta, cinerascens mm lata, albido instructa, epithecium semper elevata, saepius quasi nigrum demum convexum stipitata, rarius pallidior et rufo-nigricans, margine ; crasso, primum depressum margine altiori hypothecium gonidiis superimpositum sporae octonae, hyalinae, simplices, '010- "012 mm longae, '004- "005 mm latae aut planum, et ; ; Habitat ad saxa vulcanica VOL V E V fi Notes — This new species DARBISHIRB was found in the The smallest interstices of lava specimens are hardly'visible, and they owe their discovery to the presence of a yellow lichen, which has however remained undetermined few granular masses of sterile The tissue containing gonidia, thallus consists mainly of a which are overshadowed by These act also as assimilators, as they possess the apothecia which are almost stalked a dense layer of gonidia underneath the hypothecium • Lecanora polytropa Th Lecanora polytropa (Ehrh.) Nyl Localities — Granite Fries, Lich Scand., p 259 Harbour, January 20th, 1902, on dark basic of Observation Hill, Winter Harbour, Notes species —The specimens from December 27th, 1902, on Summit tuff light acid volcanic ash This Observation Hill are just a bit doubtful almost cosmopolitan, and has been recorded from the Antarctic by M Wainio is (Belgica, p 19) Lecanora subfusca Lecanora subfusca (L.) Act Locality 5000 Tt Fries, Lich Scand., — " Lichen from ridge of p 238 West Mountains at highest point December 15th, 1902, Western Sledge Journey, feet, collected we reached, by Skelton," on granite Notes — I am Lecanora suhfusca not at The It is species is me certain that the specimens before The material from quite indeterminable a locality all however of this locality included first really belong to some lichens that were importance to find lichens at all in such widely distributed and almost cosmopolitan Parhelia quarta (Plate L, Locality — Granite Harbour, fig 5.) McMurdo Bay, January 1902, on dark basic 20th, volcanic ash Diagnosis — Thallus 5-10 mm latus, 3-4 mm altus, peltatus-af&xus, convolutus, superne apotheciis nigricans vel coeruleo-nigricans, sed partibus apotheciis destitutus et margine pallidior, matice corticatus coccoidea ; inferne pallidior et albidus, superne et inferne plentenchy- medulla laxe stupposa, sed ad umbilicum firma apothecia parmeleina ; nudus ; epithecium coeruleo-nigricans hypothecium decolor sed gonidiis instructum numerosis 4-8nae, hyalinae, simplices, octonae, •0075 008 latae, quaternae, Notes — "010 species longae et "0075 mm latae gonidia proto- parathecium decolor asci ventricosi ; ; sporae longae et •0065 0075 mm Habitat ad saxa vulcanica be no doubt that this is a new species, and that it The well-developed cortex above and below separate it from of Squamaria The cortex in each case consists of branching cell-rows I think there can belongs to Parmelia any mm mm ; ; ; LICHENES running at right angles to the surface of the The plant appears as a small solidified volcanic ash, the most bleak thallus dark convolute lichen on a grey background of substratum one can imagine Neuropogon melaxanthus Neuropogon melaxanthus Nyl Localities —From Nyl Syn., p 272 Mount Terror, October 21st, The same box contains a second 1903, collected by E A Wilson," on it party (Erebus), January label 1903, collected by Dr Wilson's with " Mount Terror, October 27th-28th, " Cape Eoyds, on rocks at altitude 1500 feet In both cases the substratum was basic 11th, 1904, H T F." scoriaceous lava Notes New —This Zealand plant is common in the Arctic and Antarctic It is recorded for the Antarctic continent by regions, MM and in also Fries (Borchgrevink, p 208), Wainio (Belgica, p 11), Hue (Charcot, no 5), and by myself (S Orkneys, p Prof Blackman (' Southern Cross,' p 320) mentions Neuropogon Taylori Nyl Through the kindness of Dr Eendle, I was enabled occurring on Geikie Land 2) as to examine the specimens, on the strength of which this determination has been made I have no doubt that they belong to Neuropogon melaxanthus Nyl RiNODINA TURPAOEA Rinodina turfacea (Wnbg j Th Fr Locality —Land Th Fries, Lich Scand., close about 195 p Winter Quarters, December 15th, 1903, over moss on earth JS'otes —This species occurs in northern America and recorded for the Antarctic by myself (S Orkneys, p Europe It has been 2) BUELLIA FRIGIDA (Plate L, fig 4.) iomteies.— Granite Harbour, McMurdo Bay, January 20th, 1902, on dark tuff basic Some other specimens (localities not recorded) were found on felspar porphyry Crusta crassa, fusco-cinerea, continua aut saepius discontinua, et Diagnosis — macula formans minuta, rimoso-diffracta, et saepius quasi margine obscuriori et effigurato distincto, hypothallo discrete thallo •5-1-0 immersa, marginata, mm lata ; demum emergentia, ; tuberculoso-granulosa, apothecia nigra, immarginata, plana vel primum convexa, epithecium carbonaceum aut rarius (in eadem specimine) decolor hypothecium obscure fuscescens aut rarius decolor vel carbonaceum ; amphithecio (Rinodinae speciei simili) gonidia continenti instructa semper amphithecio non cincta ; sporae octonae, fuscae, bicellulares, ; apothecia rarius ; • sed maturiora 009-' 015 E mm V longae, et "004- '007 mm latae Notes —This earlier stages the new species is, Habitat ad saxa vuleanica longa I think, undoubtedly a species of Buellia, but in its apothecium not unfrequently The hypothecium comes near to Rinodina margin of the spermogonia thallo immersa, irregulariter cavernosa; ; mm spermatia cylindrica, ad "004 DARBISHIRE fruit ; is is but, of course, Buellia The plant thus partially lecanorine often carbonaceous, especially near the and Rinodina are very closely related to one another Buellia parasema Buellia parasema (Ach.) Th Fr Locality Notes from Th Fries, Lich Scand., p 589 —Winter Harbour, December 15th, —The specimens consisted 1903, over moss on earth of small fragments only This species is known America and Europe arctic Buellia quercina (Plate Locality — Probably from on dark basic Diagnosis pallidiori, thallo, I., fig 3.) Granite Harbour, McMurdo Bay, January lava — Crusta tenuis, continua similis), margine rimoso-diffracta, regulariter cinerascens, ambitu effigurato (Catolechiae speciei ; apothecia immersa, dein emergentia, elevata et quasi stipitata, immarginata et parathecium 20th, 1902, ; primum epithecium hypothecium fuscescens amphithecium nullum sporae "012- "014 mm longae, "0076 mm latae Habitat ad carbonaceum ; octonae, fuscae, bicellulares, ; ; saxa vuleanica Notes —This as a whole is rimoso-difFract, It is species shows a very well-marked effigurate margin, but the thallus so thin that I think it is only a species of Buellia and the young immersed apothecia recall The some species of very closely applied to the very rugged surface of the substratum specimen, measuring about by mm., was found colour than Buellia frig ida, and its margin is more Buellia quercina clearly effigurate thallus of the latter, forming often small patches barely • mm is thallus is Aspicilia Only one lighter in The interrupted in diameter, is another important external difference Physcia caesia Physcia caesia (Hffm.) Nyl Th Fries, Lich Scand., p 140 — Localities Granite Harbour, McMurdo Bay, January 20th, 1902, on granite Winter Harbour, December 15th, 1903, over moss and possibly basis scoriaceous lava Notes The material from the latter locality is I think again open to doubt, — especially that specimen cosmopolitan Hue It is (Charcot, no 11), which has the lava as its recorded from the Antarctic by substratum MM and Vanhoeffen (German Antarctic) This species Wainio (Belgica, p is 24), LICHBNES ACAROSPORA CHLOROPHANA Acarospora chlorophana (Wnbg.) Mass Looalities.—" From one Collected by Dr Wilson, Th Fries, Lich Scand., of 'old in islets December lOth (circa), p 208 middle of ice,' (McMurdo) strait 1903," on felspar porphyry Granite Harbour, McMurdo Bay, January 20th, 1902, on basic scoriaceous lava Notes This is an arctic and alpine plant not previously recorded from the — Antarctic Endocarpon Endocarpon sp Locality.— QrsxiitQ Harbour, McMurdo Bay, January 20th, on felspar 1902, porphyry Notes.—A small fragment only of some same stone species of as the apothecia of Lecidea auriculata perithecia present, but they were old Endocarpon was found on the were cut of the few Sections and contained no Thus spores it was possible to determine only the generic name With regard following, remarks basic agglomerate to the may specimens which were impossible of determination, be made A bit from " Cape Royds, alt also sterile, so that I was quite unable on Mount Erebus, January 11th, But they were very simple in structure 1500 1904, H T F.," both had lichens on them and the of dark scoriaceous lava and a bit of dark to feet name them The alcohol-material from the same locality was, as already mentioned, quite useless There was a minute yellow lichen on some small lava from " Some bits of dark basic scoriaceous Winter Quarters," January 13th, 1903, which was not determinable felspar porphyry from Granite Harbour has (?) on a it with lichen incomplete apothecia, but with soralia here and there Some granite from Granite Harbour had on it a Lecidea (spores species of '006- "007 by •004-"005 mm.), which was in too incomplete a condition to name soil From Winter Harbour (December 15th, 1903), we have a quantity of moss on On the moss are found specimens of Lecanora epibryon and L expectans, Rinodina turfacea, and a yellow species which turns red on the application of potash It is sterile and may belong able to place it to satisfactorily some reduced form of Placodium, but It cirrhochroa Ach., thallus leprosus." is not unlike "Arnold The plant seems any been unable, even after careful searching, to find exsic to be very apothecia I no have not been 1615, Physcia common ; but I have :: 10 The following is V DARBISHIRE an arrangement of the species under the different which they were found Granite Harbour, McMurdo Bay All the lichens were found on rocks and stones : Lecidea auriculata Rhizocarpon geographicum Gyrophora „ cylindrica Dillenii Xanthoria lychnea Placodium elegans murorum „ Squamaria chrysoleuca Lecanora polytropa Parmelia quarta Buellia frigida quercina „ Physcia caesia Acarospora chlorophana Endocarpon sp Islet in old On stone ice, middle of strait, McMurdo Bay : Acarospora chloropliana Winter Harbour Over moss on earth • : Lecanora epibryon „ expectans Rinodina turfacea Buellia parasema Physcia caesia On stone : Lecanora lavae Winter Harbour, summit of Observation On Hill stone Placodium murorum Lecanora polytropa Cape Royds, 1500 On stone Gyrophora anthracina Neuropogon melaxanthus Polycauliona regalis Caloplaca citrina Placodium murorum (200 ft only) feet up Mount Erebus localities at — — LICHENES Mount On stone 11 Terror : Gyrophora anthracina Neuropogon melaxanthus Highest point reached {b^QO feet) on ridge of Western Mountains On stone : Lecanora subfusca The following papers have been lichenes of the ' Discovery Blackman, V H ' —Lichenes Report on the Collections of Natural History made in the Antarctic Southern Cross.' London, 1902, p 320 regions during the Voyage of the Darbishtre, v.— The referred to in the course of this Eeport on the : ' Lichens of the South Orkneys Transact, Botanical Society of Edinburgh, vol 23, pp 105-110, plate 23, 1905 Lichenographia Scandinavica Upsalise, 1871-1874 Fries, Th M and Proceedings of the — Nyt Mag Lichenes antarctici Hooker, ' J Botany of Naturvidenskab Bind 40 (1902), p 208 H.M Discovery Ships 'Erebus' and London, 1847 (Flora antarctica.) f the Antarctic Voyage of Terror,' in the years 1839-1843 —Lichens Expedition Antarctique Franpaise (1903-1905), commandee par Dr Jean 1908 Nylander, W —Synopsis Methodica Lichenum 1858-1860 TuCKEEMAN, E —A Synopsis the North American Lichens Boston and New Bedford, 1882-1888 Vanhoeffbn, E — Meereskunde, Heft 143-154 1903 Resultats du Voyage du Wainio, E a — Lichens Y 'Belgica' en 1897-1899 Expedition Hue, A M Charcot D.—The le Paris, Paris, of Veroffentlich Instituts f 5, pp Berlin, S Antarctique Beige Anvers, 1903 DBSCEIPTION OF PLATE Fis —Vertical section of apothecium, showing the gonidia under the hypothecium and Magnification 100 Lecanora expectans — Vertical section of apothecium, showing the gonidia under the hypothecium Lecanora lavae the small granules at the lower end of the stalk of the apothecium Fig ^ Fig and the loose hyphae infesting the moss- plant on which the lichen is growing Magnification 100 BueJlia quercina Plant in situ on dark basic lava from Granite Harbom- Natural size Fig Buellia frigida Fig — —Plant in Parmelia quarta — Plant situ felspar porphyry from unknown locality Natural size on dark basic volcanic ash from Granite Harbour Natm-al on in situ size : DUKE LONDON PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED, S.E., AND GREAT WINDMILL STREET, W STREET, STAMFORD STREET, Lichenes Antarctic (Discovery) Exp Fig Fig Fig Fig West, Fig Fig Newman LECANORA LAV^ Fig BUELLIA QUERCINA Fig LECANORA EXPECTANS PARMELIA QUARTA Fig BUELLIA FRIGIDA Fig proc ... 'Discovery' sent in 1901 to the Antarctic of the Re gionS under Captain R F Scott, R.N., contains five reports on Animals and one on the Lichens collected by the Officers of the Expedition, and has been... CONTENTS OF VOLS II.-V coNTAmma the eeports on zoology and botany so FAR AS PUBLISHED On Collecting in Antarctic) o > By m T t> -a t^t o V Hodgson, F.L.S Vol tit HL „ II „ V „ H a7 -ir i ZOOLOGY... is Museum (Natural hands for examination Discovery ' of the material to dissect them The in the Antarctic polar seas was fairly well preserved, for histological purposes, while the larger specimens