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Final year project LAPAZ Tower Contents ARCHITECTURE Nguyen Duc Duy-565556-56XE Final year project LAPAZ Tower PART I ARCHITECTURE (10%) CHAPTER I GENERAL INTRODUCTION I.1 BUILDING LOCATION Lapaz Tower locates at 38 Nguyen Chi Thanh, Thach Thang, Hai Chau district, Da Nang city It is very near from the building to the school, hospital, Danang administrative center, Han river bridge…The building is expected to promote the economy and tourism development of the city Nguyen Duc Duy-565556-56XE Final year project LAPAZ Tower Figure I Location of LaPaz tower The building is a complex of apartments, services and owned by Danang Housing investment development joint stock company I.2 INVESTMENT NECESSARY In the recent years, Vietnam’s economy has changed dramatically along with the rapid growth of the other countries in Asia The reconstruction and construction of infrastructure is really needed On the other hand, the replacement of low-rise buildings by high-rise buildings is very necessary to resolve land issues as well as changing the urban landscape to deserve with the stature of a large city Danang is one of the most important cities in Vietnam With many beautiful landscapes, Danang attracts million tourists each year Nowadays, more and more people want to live and work in Danang Therefore, the construction of a high-rise building like La Paz Tower is essential and appropriate to deal with the issue After constructed, the building also will be one of the landmarks or the city I.3 SCALE AND GENERAL FEATURES The project consists of 17 upper stories and basements The total high of the building is 64.8m from ±0.000 level and the basement is at -4.400m deep The functions: − Basement and is used as a parking area for residents and customers The technical rooms like power room, pumping room…is put in the basement Nguyen Duc Duy-565556-56XE Final year project − − − − LAPAZ Tower The first floor: mini supermarket, mini shop and office rooms for hire The second floor: office rooms for hire Floor 3- 17: residential apartments The eighteenth floor: lift technical room and water tank The technical parameters: − − − − − Each basement area: 596 m2 The first floor area: 594 m2 The second floor area: 616 m2 The third to seventeenth floor area: 625 m2 The eighteenth floor area: 80 m2 CHAPTER II ARCHITECTURE SOLUTION II.1 DESIGN OF MASTER PLAN There are basements that is used for parking and putting some technical system like water tank, power room…The area of each basement is 596m2 There is a staircase from the basement for people moving conveniently The first and second floor are used for market, shop, office for release elevators and staircase are installed to move vertically Apartments are located from the third to the seventeenth floor Each apartment is designed independently and connected together by lobbies There are apartment types: − S1 and S4 apartment: bedrooms – S=92.6m2 − S2 and S3 apartment: bedrooms – S=74m2 − S5 apartment: bedrooms – S=96.5m2 Nguyen Duc Duy-565556-56XE Final year project LAPAZ Tower − S6 apartment: bedroom – S=44.8m2 − S7 apartment: bedrooms – S=78.1m2 In each floor, the lobbies are designed to move conveniently The elevators are the center of the floor There is a emergency staircase that is used for dangerous situation -4.400 -4.400 TP TP* c h l bt TP* TP s11 1000 kg 800 kg d 13* -4.400 -4.400 -4.400 Figure I Plan layout of the second basement Nguyen Duc Duy-565556-56XE Final year project LAPAZ Tower -1.200 -1.200 TP TP* c h l bt TP* TP s11 1000 kg 800 kg d 13* -1.200 -1.200 -1.200 Figure I Plan layout of the first basement Nguyen Duc Duy-565556-56XE Final year project LAPAZ Tower s7d c s10 s7d c WC FOR MEN THU RÁC d 14 TP s7 d 11a +2.000 dw1 s8d c TP s7d c +2.000 WC FOR WOMEN EXIT s7d c d 13a dw1 s6d c d 11 TP* c h s11 1000 kg MINI-MART 140 M2 OFFICE FOR RELEASE s5d c s5d c 800 kg REC EPTION DESK +2.000 329 1342 329 d 13* S1 200 S2 2965 200 200 300 s15a MINI SHOP +2.000 1342 S1 1342 MAIN ENTRANCE S1 s1 s1 dc WAY TO PARKING AREA Figure I Plan layout of the first floor Nguyen Duc Duy-565556-56XE +0.000 Final year project LAPAZ Tower s10 s13d c s10 s13dc WC FOR MEN s10 s13dc s17 s13dc TP WC FOR WOMEN s14dc s21d c s22 d 13a dw1 dw1 d 11 TP TP* d 16 s21d c d 11 ch s11 1000 kg s15dc 800 kg s15d c 1342 OFFICE FOR RELEASE 329 1342 329 d 13 OFFICE FOR RELEASE a r ea f o r c o mmunity ac tivities BAR s18 s20 s19 s18 s19 Figure I Plan layout of the second floor Nguyen Duc Duy-565556-56XE Final year project LAPAZ Tower A C s24a s24a s26 l n2 k s25 WC BEDROOM ph¬i LIVI NG ROOM BEDROOM dw d 21 tk12 s26 l n2 ph¬i KITCHEN d 21 k DINI NG-ROOM dw r¸ c d 20 s23 BEDROOM LIVI NG ROOM s24a WC KITCHEN s24 s24a d 19 d 19 d 13a d 18 d 19 ph¬i l n2 LIVING ROOM d 20 d 20 TP TP* c h TP dw KITCHEN dw d 21 d 19 d 19 s11 WC 5a s23 WC 1000 kg 900 BEDROOM d 19 BEDROOM 900 BEDROOM BAR d 21 d 19 dw s25* d 13 WC LIVI NG ROOM WC dw DINING-ROOM TP* 900 900 d 20 kt s26 s26 k s26 BEDROOM d 19 d 20 s25 d 20 d 19 WC dw dw BEDROOM TP d 19 WC WC d 21 ch 900 d 19 KITCHEN s26 WC dw KI TCHEN dw d 19 900 BEDROOM WC1 WC1 d s1 d s2 d s1 LIVING ROOM d 21 k BEDROOM dw dw d 19 BAR LIVING ROOM dw TP TP d 20 s25 BALCONY l n2 800 kg KI TCHEN 900 B s25* BEDROOM WC ph¬i l n2 s23 LIVI NG ROOM s23* BALCONY d 21 BEDROOM BEDROOM BALCONY s24* s24* l n1 BALCONY s23* A C Figure I Plan layout of typical floor (from the third to the seventeenth floor) Nguyen Duc Duy-565556-56XE B Final year project LAPAZ Tower i =1 % 900 600 500 2000 PLASTIC PIPE O 100 FOR DRAINAG E 200 2300 2150 PLASTIC PIPE o 80 FOR DRAINAGE s26 600 1250 s26 s11 s26 700 400 6000 TEC HNIC AL ROOM d 13 d 23 200500 1350 500200 200TP c h200 i =1 % 2050 2100 2100 s26 600 600 100 2300 d23 600 1250 d 24 5050 i =1 % 850 i =1 % 1450 100 2150 450 1300 3200 8600 i =1 % 850 600 i =1 % 1600 1200 200 i =1 % i =1 % i =1 % 300 200 1700 i =1 % 700 200 i =1 i =1 % % PLASTIC PIPE O 100 FOR DRAINAG E PLASTIC PIPE O 100 FOR DRAINAG E Figure I Plan layout of top and technical floor II.2 DESIGN OF FACADE The building has a modern shape and is designed as a landmark of Danang city Nguyen Duc Duy-565556-56XE 10 Final year project M max = LAPAZ Tower 13.05 ×1002 = 13050(kG.cm) ≤ RW = 166.67 ×110 = 18333.7( kG.cm) 10 Choose the distance between bottom stringers is 100cm Deformation condition: Total un-factored vertical load applied on top stringer: p tc = 1228.5 × 0.7 = 859.95( kG / m) f max = Deformation condition: f max = p tc × l l ≤[ f ] = 128 EJ 400 13.05 ×100 100 = 0.12cm ≤ [ f ] = = 0.25cm 128 × 10 × 833.33 400 Deformation condition is satisfied 4) Check bearing capacity of bottom stringer Because the distance between the bottom stringers is 1000mm and the load from the top stringer is applied at the support, so it is not necessary to check the strength and deformation condition for bottom stringer 5) Check bearing capacity of PAL scaffold PAL scaffold supports bottom stringer The load applied on PAL scaffold: P = 1×1304.94 = 1304.94(kG ) In accordance with the catalog of Hoa Phat Company, bearing capacity of combination scaffold is 35.3T 1.3T Satisfactory 6) Check bearing capacity of single prop When the space is not large enough to install PAL scaffold, we use single prop to support the bottom stringer Load applied on single prop: P = 1×1304.94 = 1304.94(kG ) According to the catalogue of Hoa Phat Company, the bearing capacity of single prop is 1.7T 1.3T satisfactory Nguyen Duc Duy-565556-56XE 381 Final year project LAPAZ Tower VI.3.2 Quantity construction Formwork area of basement slab is 338.13(m2) Volume of concrete is 132.56(m3) Reinforcement mass is 10.4(T) VI.3.3 Construction method 1) Formwork installation Install slab formwork following the sequence: − Put the stringers into U-head of combination support, fix the stringers by nails − Install the top stringers with the distance of 70 cm and bottom stringers with the distance 10cm − Install the plain formwork Add wooden formwork for some small area − Adjust the elevation by U-head and jack base − Check the stability of formwork and supports and check the elevation again − Using brace to connect combination supports, ensure the stability Some requirements of formwork installation task: − Be careful when moving formwork, avoid deflection and bending − Formwork must be close and tight, no leaking of concrete mortar during casting and vibrating − Ensure the dimension, position and quantity as designing − Before installation, clean formwork and paint nonstick oil for dismantling easily − Installing formwork based on principle: remain rigidity, stability and easy to removal − The supports must be stable, no sliding Check the stability of all scaffold, supports, formwork, passage-way to ensure the safety 2) Reinforcement installation − Reinforcements are fabricated on the storage and then moved to the position by tower crane − Slab rebar is directly installed on slab formwork Install the rebar bearing the positive moment first and then the rebar bearing the negative moment − Add concrete spacers and steel spacers (that ensures the space between two reinforcement layers) Note: moving on slab reinforcement is restricted to avoid deformation − The later installed reinforcing steels have no impaction on the previous installed one − Steels must be the exact type as designed Nguyen Duc Duy-565556-56XE 382 Final year project LAPAZ Tower − Steels must be correct in terms of sizes, shape, distance, numbers and position of bars − Make sure the thickness of the protection layer for reinforcing steel The connection of steel bars must ensure the technical requirements 3) Concrete work: • Pouring concrete method: − Pouring concrete by mobile pumps − Pump pipe is also used to transfer concrete in horizontal direction (don’t need to use concrete distribution arm) • Requirements of concrete mortar: − Be regularly mixed, ensure the homogeneous ingredients − Ensure the mix design as the concrete grade − Ensure the mixing, transporting, pouring and vibrating in the shortest time that is less than hardening time of concrete (~4 hours) − Concrete mortar after mixing must ensure the requirements of construction Ensure the slump limit to facilitate the pouring, vibrating and taking out of the transport means Ensure the workability to fulfill the area with many reinforcing steels and the corners and sides of formwork − For single distance of concrete structures, the requirements for slump limit and necessary time to vibrate concrete will be different − Slump limit of concrete mortar will correspond to the appropriate concrete pouring method, by pump: s = 15 to 18cm • Requirements of transporting concrete: − After completion of mixing, concrete must be transported to the pouring location − Use proper transport equipment to avoid segregation of concrete aggregates, mortar leak or water leak because of weather impacts like wind or sun − The manpower, tools and equipment for construction or transport should be managed to be in line with the concrete volume, and velocity of mixing, pouring and vibrating − The time for keeping the concrete mix during transport need to be defined by testing based on weather conditions, cement type and the additives The transport time should not longer than hours • Pouring concrete: − Before pouring concrete, the formwork and rebar must be inspected & handedover, the working platform must be checked The surface where concrete will be poured must be prepared well − Using cement mortar to clean pump pipe before pouring concrete Nguyen Duc Duy-565556-56XE 383 Final year project LAPAZ Tower − The concrete truck pours concrete into the mobile pump Concrete is pushed up to the floor level Pouring concrete from far to nearby moving the pump pipe workers adjust the pump pipe and workers use raker to level concrete • Vibrating concrete: For slab concrete, we use both needle vibrator and surface vibrator Using needle vibrator when pouring concrete for retaining wall and shear core For surface vibrator: − − − − • Vibrating in orders, avoid missing areas Gently moving the vibrating (need to pull up the vibrator head while moving) Appropriate vibrating time for one position is t = 30 – 50 seconds The overlapping area between layers is 3-5cm Curing concrete: In summer, the outside temperature is high (t0 > 300oC), the water amount in concrete mixture can quickly evaporate so that there will be insufficient water for the consolidating process of concrete As a result, concrete quality is low, the loading capacity is not strong as design Common defect is the whitening on concrete surface As such, after pouring concrete, we need to cure concrete (after 7-8 hours) Add water by spraying regularly times/day If temperature t0 is too high, add water regularly hours/time/day The curing time depends on the cement type For concrete made of pooclang cement, water adding should be implemented for at least days For concrete made of aluminum oxide, water adding should be implemented for days Cover the concrete surface by canvas or sand, then add water to keep humidity for concrete CHAPTER VII CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE VII.1 OVERVIEW In order to choose the most suitable method, construction work should be modeled under schedules, which demonstrate: construction solutions, coordination of space and time of the construction methods, completion time of the building, demand for labor, materials, capital etc, scale of construction site, management apparatus, and control of material and technical base at site The schedule is a tool to direct workers how to conduct construction activities and a mean to check their implementation Principles of planning the schedule: − Durations for scheduling and organizing methods of construction must ensure the completion times of each work item, component, and the entire project as required − Implement thoroughly and continuously the coordination of space and time of Nguyen Duc Duy-565556-56XE 384 Final year project − − − − − − − − LAPAZ Tower erection processes to ensure the stabilization of production, comply with technical conditions, ensure the safety for people and equipment, use air conditioning and other resources economically Increase productivity by applying advanced construction methods Applying the Line of Balance technique is a basic principle in organizing and scheduling construction work of a building unit Documents for scheduling: The drawings of construction design and guidance notes of erection technology The start and finish dates of construction works Types, specifications of materials, equipment and means of transport The data of construction surveys The capacity of construction contractors and the ability of the project’s client VII.2 PROCEDURE FOR SETTING UP A SCHEDULE There are 12 steps for setting up a construction schedule: − − − − − − − − − − − − Technologies analysis Create list of tasks Quantification work Specify the construction method Specify the construction scheduling parameters Specify duration and resources to be used Develop initial schedule Economical-Technical analysis Compare with initial requirements Optimize the schedule Approve the schedule Create resources graph VII.3 QUANTIFICATION WORK No Task unit Bored pile construction pile 66 35 Larssen sheet pile construction pile 312 3 Excavation stage (manual) m3 180.9 Installing anchoring system Excavation stage ( machine) Excavation stage ( manual) Nguyen Duc Duy-565556-56XE 385 Volume Norm 1776 Time(day) 0.28 50 m3 5190.4 m3 85.86 0.28 Final year project LAPAZ Tower Pile head cutting m3 59.4 Pouring lean concrete of pile caps and tie beams m3 50,.2 0.57 Bricking work for supporting tie beams m3 76 0.6 10 Installing reinforcement of pile caps and tie beams T 62.65 4.5 11 Installing formwork of pile caps and tie beams 100m 5.25 17.2 2 12 Pouring concrete of pile caps and tie beams m3 531.81 0.49 13 Dismantling formwork of pile caps and tie beams 100m 5.25 10 2 14 Backfilling with sand and compacting m3 909.98 0.28 15 Pouring lean concrete of 2nd basement slab m3 44.14 0.57 16 Installing formwork of 2nd basement slab 100m 0.21 10.8 17 Installing reinforcement of 2nd basement slab T 4.46 4.5 18 Pouring concrete of 2nd basement slab m3 189.44 0.49 Dismantling formwork of 2nd basement slab 100m 0.21 8.1 19 20 Installing reinforcement of buffering block of elevator T 5.45 Installing formwork of buffering block of elevator 100m 0.6 7.78 21 22 23 24 25 Pouring concrete of elevator block Installing reinforcement of retaining wall and shear core of 2nd basement Installing formwork of retaining wall and shear core of 2nd basement Pouring concrete of retaining wall and shear core of nd basement Dismantling formwork of retaining wall and shear core of 2nd basement Nguyen Duc Duy-565556-56XE 386 m3 T 13.26 12.42 100m m3 100m 10.37 145.03 10.37 Final year project LAPAZ Tower 26 27 28 Erecting column of basement Erecting beam of 2nd basement Installing formwork of 1st basement slab 29 30 31 Installing reinforcement of 1st basement slab Pouring concrete of 1st basement slab Installing reinforcement of retaining wall and shear core of 1st basement Installing formwork of retaining wall and shear core of 1st basement 32 33 34 35 36 Pouring concrete of retaining wall and shear core of 1st basement Dismantling formwork of retaining wall and shear core of 1st basement Erecting beam of 1st basement Installing formwork of the first floor slab 37 38 39 Installing reinforcement of the first floor slab Pouring concrete of the first floor slab Leveling with sand and compacting (machine) 40 41 Removaling anchoring system and larssen sheet pile Dismantling formwork of the first floor slab Nguyen Duc Duy-565556-56XE 387 T T 100m T m3 T 100m m3 100m T 100m T m3 100m 100m 20 36.82 3.38 10.4 132.56 10.49 10.17 133.66 10.17 36.61 3.38 10.4 132.56 13.31 3.38 Final year project LAPAZ Tower CHAPTER VIII SITE LOGISTICS VIII.1 OVERVIEW Construction site layout is a set of plans that demonstrates planned location of buildings which will be constructed, arrangement of material and technical basis in order to serve construction process and human life within the boundaries of construction site Construction site layout is a very important content indispensable in the “construction organization design” and “construction management plan” files General concept of construction site layout design includes the following issues: − Determine specific location of buildings planned on the land granted to construct − Locate cranes, main equipment, and plants for construction − Design transportation system on the site − Design storage areas on the site − Design auxiliary workshops − Design temporary facilities on the site − Design temporary technical network on the site (electricity, water supply and drainage…) − Design systems of safety, security, and site cleaning Principles to design construction logistics: − Construction site layout must be designed so that temporary technical and material basis provide the best services for construction process, not affect technology, quality, construction duration, labour safety and environmental sanitation − Reduce the cost of constructing temporary facilities by: salvaging / utilizing parts of constructed building, selecting temporary facilities that are low – cost, easy to dismantle and move … Temporary facilities should be located in a favourable position to avoid wasting caused by repeated movement − Designing construction site layout must follow instructions, standards of engineering design, regulations of labour safety, fire safety and environmental sanitation − Gain experience in designing construction site layout and construction site organization conducted before; willing to apply the progress of science, technology, economic management, etc in designing construction site layout Nguyen Duc Duy-565556-56XE 388 Final year project LAPAZ Tower VIII.2 MATERIAL STORAGE Quantity of material in storehouse: • Steel: Q = 62.65 Ton • Formwork: Q = 525 m2 Storage areas Fc is the area directly contain materials, calculated by: Fc = Q (m ) d d: the standard material quantity defined by norm contained on 1m2 of the storage spaces Storage area F, including access for loading, unloading, fire safety…is calculated as below: ( ) F = α × Fc , m α: site using factor for general storehouses: α=1.5 - 1.7 for closed storage: α=1.4 - 1.6 for out-door storage spaces: α=1.1 - 1.2 for large out-door storage spaces: α=1.2 - 1.3 Table III 19 Area of storages No Materials Unit Mass Storage Steel T 62.65 Formwork m3 10.5 Half out-door Half out-door VIII.3 TEMPORARY FACILITIES VIII.3.1 Man power There are main groups of labor for the construction: • Group of Main workers (N1): N1=48 workers • Group of Supporting workers (N2): Nguyen Duc Duy-565556-56XE 389 Norm 1m2 1.5 Fc m2 41.7 α 1.5 F m2 62.55 1.5 1.5 10.5 Final year project LAPAZ Tower N2=25%.N1=12 workers • Group of technical staffs/engineers (N3): N3=5%( N1+N2) = staffs • Group of administration and commercial staff (N4): N4=5%(N1+N2+N3) = staffs • Group of supporting staffs (N5): security guards, sanitation staff…, N5=5%(N1+N2+N3+N4) =4 staffs G=N1+N2+N3+N4+N5 = 71 peoples VIII.3.2 Temporary facilities area • Temporary house for workers : (4m2/worker) S1=(48+12)x4=240 m2 • Temporary office for technical engineer and administration and economical staff: S2=30 m2 • Temporary house for shower: (25 people/2.5 m2 room) The number of shower room : 71/25 = rooms S3=3x2.5=7.5 m2 • Canteen : 40m2/100 people S4=0.4x71=30 m2 • WC: 25 people/2.5m2 room The number of WC : 71/25 = rooms (plus WCs for office area) S5=3x2.5=7.5 m2 • Clinic: 0.04m2/person S6=9 m2 • Security boot : S7=6.25 m2 • Head-office: S8=30 m2 Nguyen Duc Duy-565556-56XE 390 Final year project LAPAZ Tower VIII.3.3 Water supply 1) Water for construction Q1=1.2 x Ai x Kg/(8 x 3600) (l/s) Where: Ai is quantity of water for construction equipment Ai:water for curing concrete : Ai=532x200=106400 (l/shift) Kg=2: unequal usage factor in one hour Q1=1.2x(106400)x2/(8x3600)=8.86(l/s) 2) Domestic water This kind of water used for living activities on-site (canteen, shower, etc.) Q2=N x B x kg/(8 x 3600) Where: N: is the maximum labors on site B=15 (l/day): is the quantity of water for worker on site from standard kg=1.8: unequal usage factor in one hour Q2=131 x 15 x 1.8/(8 x 3600)=0.12 (l/s) 3) Water supply for housing unit Q3=Nc x C x kg x Kng/(24 x 3600) Where: Nc :People live in the site,Nc=60 people C=50l/day :quantity of water for people in a day from standard kg=1.5: unequal usage factor in one hour kng=1.4: unequal usage factor in one day Q3=60 x 50 x 1.5 x 1.4/(24 x 3600)=0.07 (l/s) 4) Water for firefighting Water is also needed for firefighting in the building and housing units, it depends on the number of occupations and the area of the building and units, can be determined about 1020 litter per second or checked in standard tables Choose Q4=10 (l/s) Total water consumed in a day is Q=0.7(Q1+Q2+Q3)+Q4=16.34 (l/s) Nguyen Duc Duy-565556-56XE 391 Final year project LAPAZ Tower 5) Water pipe diameter Main pipe D= 4Q ×16.34 = = 0.13m π × V × 1000 π × 1.2 ×1000 Selecting diameter of pipe is D=150mm 6) Water sources Water can be taken from the following sources: − From water supply system of city for domestic − From river for construction − The pile system is placed 25cm depth in ground VIII.3.4 Power supply 1) Consumed power on construction site K ∑ P1 K ∑ P2 Pt = + + K ∑ P3 + K ∑ P4 ÷ ÷ cos φ cos φ ∑ P = 4.4 + 14 + 66.5 = 84.9(kW ) is rated power of machine using engine Concrete mixer for lean concrete : P = 4.4 kW x Vibrator : P = 1kW x 14 Tower crane : P = 66.5 kW x cos ϕ = 0.7 is the power factor ∑P = 40kW ∑P = 7kW ∑P = 16kW 2 is required power of manufacturing process(welding machine) :is required power of out – door lighting is required power of in – house lighting Ki is unequal using factor of electrical loads K1 = K2 = 0.7 ; K3 = 0.8 ; K4 = 0.6 Nguyen Duc Duy-565556-56XE 392 Final year project LAPAZ Tower K ∑ P1 K ∑ P2 Pt = + + K ∑ P3 + K ∑ P4 ÷ ÷ = 140.1( kW ) cos φ cos φ 2) Power network Use phase electricity network (380V / 220V) The cross section of electrical wire is chosen from the formula : S= Where: 100 × ∑ P × L K × ∆U × U d (mm ) L: total length of wire around the construction site K=34.5: Factor of using aluminum wire ΔU = 5% Ud = 380V S= Nguyen Duc Duy-565556-56XE 100 × ∑ P × L K × ∆U × U d 393 = 10( mm2 ) Final year project Nguyen Duc Duy-565556-56XE LAPAZ Tower 394 Final year project Nguyen Duc Duy-565556-56XE LAPAZ Tower 395 ... 1700 900 1200 500 1200 3400 3400 1700 1300 500 700 200 1200 1000 4200 2000 Final year project LAPAZ Tower 05 12 Final year project LAPAZ Tower II.3 DECORATED MATERIAL SOLUTION High quality inland... Duc Duy-565556-56XE 16 Final year project LAPAZ Tower Figure I 12 Gypsum covers steel columns Figure I 13 Gypsum covers steel beams Nguyen Duc Duy-565556-56XE 17 Final year project LAPAZ Tower This... processed every day Nguyen Duc Duy-565556-56XE 18 Final year project LAPAZ Tower PART II STRUCTURE (45%) Nguyen Duc Duy-565556-56XE 19 Final year project LAPAZ Tower CHAPTER I STRUCTURAL SOLUTION