Open Competition for University Students of Mechanics and Mathematics Faculty of Kyiv State Taras Shevchenko University Problems for 1-2 years students Prove that for every positive integer n an inequality 2n − 1 + + + < 3! 4! (n + 2)! holds (R Ushakov) One cell is erased from the × n table in arbitrary way Find the probability of the following event: It is possible to cover without overlappings the rest of the table with figures (with any orientation) For any continuous convex at [0, 1] function f prove the inequality 4/5 2 3/5 f (x) dx + f (x) dx f (x) dx 0 (A Kukush) (A Prymak) Find all odd continuous functions f : R → R such that the identity f (f (x)) = x holds for every real x (A Kukush) Construct with the compass and the ruler the circle of maximal radius which lies inside the given parabola and touches to it in its vertice (Zh Chernousova) Let A, B, C, D be (not necessarily square) real matrices such that AT = BCD, B T = CDA, C T = DAB, DT = ABC For S = ABCD prove that S = S (V Brayman) Denote by An the maximum of the determinant of an n × n matrix with entries ±1 Does there exist a finite limit lim n An ? (A Bondarenko) n→∞ Let {xn , n 1} be a sequence of positive numbers which contains at least two distinct √ elements Prove or disprove that lim (x1 + · · · + xn − n n x1 xn ) > (D Mitin) n→∞ Some permutation of entries of a matrix maps any non-singular n × n matrix into nonsingular one and maps identity matrix into itself Prove that this permutation preserves the determinant of the matrix (V Brayman) 10 A rectangle with side lengths a0 , b0 is dissected into smaller rectangulars with side lengths ak , bk , ≤ k ≤ n The sides of smaller rectangulars are parallel to the corresponding sides of the big rectangular Prove that | sin a0 sin b0 | ≤ nk=1 | sin ak sin bk | (Zsolt P´ales, Hungary) Open Competition for University Students of Mechanics and Mathematics Faculty of Kyiv State Taras Shevchenko University Problems for 3-4 years students Let random variable ξ be distributed as |γ|α , α ∈ R, where γ is standard normal variable For which α there exists an expectation M ξ? (U Mishura) One cell is erased from the × n table in arbitrary way Find the probability of the following event: It is possible to cover without overlappings the rest of the table with figures (with any orientation) (A Kukush) Normed space Y is said to be strongly normed if for every y1 , y2 ∈ Y the equality y1 + y2 y1 = y2 = implies y1 = y2 Let X be normed space, let G be subspace of X and let the adjoint space X ∗ be strongly normed Prove that for every functional from G∗ there exists the unique extension X ∗ which preserves the norm (O Nesterenko) z2 Let R(z) = − z + ln(1 + z), z ∈ C, z = −1 Prove that for every real x the following |x|3 inequality holds: |R(ix)| ≤ (“ln” means the value of logarithm from the branch with ln = 0.) (D Mitin) Let A, B, C, D be (not necessarily square) real matrices such that AT = BCD, B T = CDA, C T = DAB, DT = ABC For S = ABCD prove that S = S Remark: for 1-2 years students it is proposed to prove that S = S (V Brayman) Let e be nonzero vector in R2 Construct a nonsingular matrix A ∈ R2×2 such that for fd (x) := A(x + d) , x, d ∈ R2 the set of pairs M := {(x, y) : fe (x) = 1, f−e (y) = and there exist real numbers λ, µ such that (x, y) is a stationary point of Lagrange function F (x, y) := x − y + λfe (x) + µf−e (y)} contains at least pairs of points (A Kukush) Some permutation of entries of a matrix maps any non-singular n × n matrix into nonsingular one and maps identity matrix into itself Prove that this permutation preserves the determinant of the matrix (V Brayman) The croupier and two players are playing the following game The croupier chooses an integer in the interval [1, 2004] with uniform probability The players guess the integer in turn After each guess the croupier informs them whether the chosen integer is bigger or smaller or has just been guessed The player who guesses the integer first wins Prove that both players have a strategy such that their chances of winning are at least 21 (S Shklyar) A rectangle with side lengths a0 , b0 is dissected into smaller rectangulars with side lengths ak , bk , ≤ k ≤ n The sides of smaller rectangulars are parallel to the corresponding sides of the big rectangular Prove that | sin a0 sin b0 | ≤ nk=1 | sin ak sin bk | (Zsolt P´ales, Hungary) 10 Does there exist a sequence {xn , n 1} of vectors from l2 with unit norm which satisfy for n = m, n, m ∈ N? (A Bondarenko) (xn , xm ) < − 2004