WORK ON YOUR PHRASAL VERBS 15 ~ DISASTER & DESTRUCTION blow away If something blows away or if the wind blows it away, the wind moves it away from the place where it was - There was a massive storm one night and our shed blew away - The wind blew his papers away - My hat was blown away blow up If you blow something up or if it blows up, it is destroyed by an explosion - He was going to blow the place up - The gunmen were threatening to blow up the embassy - One of the submarines blew up and sank break down [a] When a machine or a vehicle breaks down, it stops working - His car broke down on the motorway [b] To break down something such as a door or wall means to hit it hard so that it breaks and falls to the ground - Water had flooded their homes and broken down the walls - Police broke the door down NOTE You can also use smash down break out If something unpleasant breaks out, it begins suddenly - A fire broke out on the third floor cut off [a] If a person or place is cut off, they are separated from other people and places - The town was cut off by the floods [b] To cut off the supply of something means to stop it - The hurricane cut off electricity to at least 3.5 million people - Gas supplies have now been cut off fall down [a] If someone or something falls down when they have been in an upright position, they drop to the ground - A tree fell down during the storm [b] If something such as a building or bridge falls down, it breaks into pieces because it is old, weak, or damaged - That shelter might fall down if the rain comes back go off If a gun goes off, it is fired and if a bomb goes off, it explodes - Somebody’s gun went off by mistake knockout [a] To knock someone out means to cause them to become unconscious or to fall asleep - The explosion hurt no one, except that it knocked out Colonel Lacour - He must have fallen and knocked himself out NOTE The opposite of knock out is bring round [b] To knock something out means to destroy or damage it and stop it from working properly - A huge storm had knocked all the power out - Lightning knocked out the city's power grid put out If you put out something that is burning, you cause it to stop burning - He put the fire out - The fire was put out very quickly 10 reduce to If something, especially a building or a city, is reduced to a state where it is broken or destroyed or if someone reduces it to this state, someone or something breaks or destroys it - Every building in the town was reduced to rubble Thẩm Tâm Vy, October 11th, 2018 WORK ON YOUR PHRASAL VERBS 15 - The fire reduced the house to dust 11 run out [a] If you run out of something, you have no more of it left - We were rapidly running out of medical supplies [b] If something runs out, it becomes used up so that there is no more left - There was no water, and food was running out 12 run over If a vehicle or its driver runs over someone or something, the vehicle hits them or drives over them, causing injury or damage - We almost ran over a cat that was crossing the road - I'm sure he would have run us over NOTE You can also use run down and knock down 13 wipe out To wipe someone or something out means to destroy or get rid of them completely - Epidemics wiped out the local population - Illegal hunting could wipe the animals out 14 write off If someone writes off a vehicle or other machine, they damage it so badly that it is not worth repairing [mainly BRITISH] - She had crashed the car twice, writing it off completely the second time - He wrote off the car and left a passenger with two broken legs PRACTICE I Complete the news headlines with the particles in the list below * TO | DOWN | OUT | OFF | OUT | UP * BUS BREAKS CAUSING TRAFFIC JAM MALFUNCTION CAUSES POWER PLANTTO BLOW POWER CUT FORTHOUSANDS OF CITY RESIDENTS BRIDGE REDUCED RUBBLE IN TRAIN CRASH MILLIONS COULD BE WIPED BY DISEASE FIREFIGHTERS STRUGGLETO PUT BLAZE II Match phrasal verbs 1-8 with definitions A-H Some tents were blown away in the storm The fire broke out on the fifteenth floor An earthquake caused the buildings to fall down A bomb went off in the building last night The fumes from the fire knocked her out for a short time We need to use less water, otherwise we might run out He was run over by a bus and injured The car was completely written off in the accident A hit or drive over someone, causing injury B have no more of something left C explode D damage a vehicle so it is not worth repairing E cause someone to become unconscious F break into pieces due to being old, weak, or damaged G begin suddenly H be moved away from a place by the wind DISASTER & DESTRUCTION V Make these sentences less formal Replace the underlined verbs with the phrasal verbs in the box put out - runout - blew up - smash down – wipe out - going off They had to demolish the door to get access to the apartment It took them four hours to extinguish the fire Scientists are trying to eradicate the disease A car was destroyed in the explosion Police managed to stop the bomb exploding last night The town's food supplies are starting to decrease IV Match questions 1-8 with replies A-H Who was injured in the explosion? When did the war break out? Was this area affected by the floods? What kind of damage was caused by the earthquake? Did you lose your power supply during the storm? What happened to the building during the hurricane? Was there an accident on this road earlier? Did you write off your car in the accident? A Yes, the storm knocked out our electricity B Many buildings fell down as a result of it C Yes, someone was knocked down by a car D No one was injured But a car was blown up E It started about a year ago F Yes, the flood water completely cut off parts of the town G No, but the other car was badly damaged H It was completely reduced to rubble V Correct the phrasal verbs in these sentences The wind blew up all the papers on my desk My car broke out on the way to work After the petrol shortage, petrol supplies have all run down The earthquake caused large parts of the building to fall through It took fire fighters several days to put off the fire She wrote away the car when she crashed into a wall VI Complete the sentences with the correct form of the phrasal verbs in the box run down - go off – break down – blow up - blow away - reduce to Hundreds were left homeless after storms their houses The boat was .fifty years ago by a torpedo Last night the train .leaving passengers stuck for eight hours The old wooden shed was a pile of wood by the storm She thought she could hear the sound of a gun in the distance A man was by a bus while trying to cross the road VII Choose the best answers What breaks out? A a fire B the wind C a car What usually blows something away? A an explosion B the wind C a balloon What breaks down? Thẩm Tâm Vy, October 11th, 2018 WORK ON YOUR PHRASAL VERBS 15 A a building B a vehicle C a tree What falls down during a storm? A a road B the wind C a tree What can be written off? A a letter B a building C a car What can be put out? A fire B war C an explosion VIII Read the news story Underline all the phrasal verbs, then decide if the sentences that follow are true (T) or false (F) FOREST FIRES UNDER CONTROL A forest fire that broke out on a farm three days ago is now under control Firefighters were running out of water supplies yesterday, but helicopters brought extra supplies today to help put out the blaze Huge areas of forest have been wiped out by the fire Many farm buildings were also reduced to rubble Fortunately the fire did not spread to a nearby town, which could have cut the town off from firefighters The fire started on a farm  Firefighters did not have enough water supplies yesterday  They have still not stopped the fire burning  Large areas of forest were destroyed by the fire  No buildings were damaged  A nearby town was separated from the firefighters by the fire  ANSWER KEY I DOWN UP OFF TO OUT OUT II H G F C E B A D III smash down put out wipeout blew up going off runout IV D E F B F H C G V The wind blew away all the papers on mv desk My car broke down on the way to work After the petrol shortage, petrol supplies have all run out The earthquake caused large parts of the building to fall down It took fire fighters several days to out out the fire She wrote off the car when she crashed into a wall VI blew away blown up broke down reduced to going off run down VII A B B C C A VIII A forest fire that broke out on a farm three days ago is now under control Firefighters were running out of water supplies yesterday, but helicopters brought extra supplies to help put out the blaze Huge areas of forest have been virtually wiped out by the fire Many farm buildings were also reduced to rubble Fortunately the fire did not spread to a nearby town, which could have cut the town off from firefighters T T F T F F DISASTER & DESTRUCTION ... explosion B the wind C a balloon What breaks down? Thẩm Tâm Vy, October 11th, 2018 WORK ON YOUR PHRASAL VERBS 15 A a building B a vehicle C a tree What falls down during a storm? A a road B the wind...V Make these sentences less formal Replace the underlined verbs with the phrasal verbs in the box put out - runout - blew up - smash down – wipe out - going off They... No, but the other car was badly damaged H It was completely reduced to rubble V Correct the phrasal verbs in these sentences The wind blew up all the papers on my desk My car broke out on the