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c VING form : xuaát hieän trong caùc thì tieáp dieãn, ruùt goïn moät meänh ñeà thaønh cuïm phaân töø, laøm chuû ngöõ cuûa caâu, taân ngöõ cho moät ñoäng töø khaùc, theo sau caùc giôùi töø.Khi laøm taân ngöõ cho moät ñoäng töø khaùc, noù thöôøng theo sau caùc ñoäng töø nhö : admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, deny, detest, dislike, enjoy, excuse, fancy imagine, finish, keep (on), mind, miss, object (to) , pardon, postpone, practise, propose suggest, quitgive up, risk, stop , understand NOTE :Passive infinitive : to be + VPP , Passive gerund : being + VPP Perfect infinitive : to have + VPP , Perfect gerund : having + VPP3. Reported Speech :a) With infinitive : khi thuaät laïi moät lôøi yeâu caàu vôùi told, asked, demanded . . . , moät lôøi khuyeân vôùi advised, moät lôøi höùa vôùi promised, moät ñeà nghò vôùi offered, moät lôøi môøi vôùi invited hay moät söï nhaéc nhôù vôùi reminded . vv . Eg : a) “ You had better not tell lies to others”, his mother said. His mother advised him not to tell lies to others. b) “ I’ll wake you up tomorrow” said he to me. He promised to wake me up the following day.