anh văn chuyên ngành 4

22 161 0
anh văn chuyên ngành 4

Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)

Tài liệu hạn chế xem trước, để xem đầy đủ mời bạn chọn Tải xuống

Thông tin tài liệu

ENGLISH FOR AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY UNIT 3: The engine MASTER VO ANH TUAN Four-Stroke Cycle Automobile engines normally use a fourstroke cycle Four separate piston strokes (up or down move ments) are needed to produce one cycle (complete series of events) The piston must slide down, up, down, and up again to complete one cycle The intake stroke draws the air-fuel mixture into the engine’s combustion chamber The piston slides down while the intake valve is open and the exhaust valve is closed This pro duces a vacuum (low-pressure area) in the cylinder Atmospheric pressure (outside air pressure) can then force air and fuel into the combustion chamber Four-Stroke Cycle The compression stroke prepares the air-fuel mixture for combustion With both valves closed, the piston slides upward and compresses (squeezes) the trapped air-fuel mixture Four-Stroke Cycle The power stroke produces the energy to operate the engine With both valves still closed, the spark plug arcs (sparks) and ignites the com pressed air-fuel mixture The burning fuel expands and develops pressure in the combustion chamber and on the top of the piston This pushes the piston down with enough force to keep the crankshaft spinning until the next power stroke Four-Stroke Cycle The exhaust stroke removes the burned gases from the combustion chamber During this stroke, the piston slides up while the exhaust valve is open and the intake valve is closed The burned fuel mixture is pushed out of the engine and into the exhaust system During engine operation, these four strokes are repeated over and over With the help of the heavy fly wheel, this action produces smooth, rotating power output at the engine crankshaft Basic Engine Parts The basic parts of a simplified one-cylinder engine are shown in figure Refer to this illustration as each part is introduced  The block is metal casting that holds all the other engine parts in place  The cylinder is a round hole bored (machined) in the block It guides piston movement  The piston is a cylindrical component that transfers the energy of combustion (burning of air-fuel mixture) to the connecting rod Basic Engine Parts  The rings seal the small gap around the sides of the piston They keep combustion pressure and oil from leaking between the piston and the cylinder wall (cylinder surface)  The connecting rod links the piston to the crankshaft  The crankshaft changes the reciprocating (up and down) motion of the piston and rod into useful rotary (spinning) motion  The cylinder head covers and seals the top of the cylinder It also holds the valves, rocker arms, and often, the camshaft  The combustion chamber is a small cavity (hollow area) between the top of the piston and the bottom of the cylinder head The burning of the air-fuel mixture occurs in the combustion chamber Basic Engine Parts  The valves open and close to control the flow of the air-fuel mixture into the combustion chamber and the exhaust gases out of the combustion chamber  The camshaft controls the opening of the valves  The valve springs keep the valves closed when they not need to be open  The rocker arms transfer camshaft action to the valves  The lifters, or followers, ride on the camshaft and transfer motion to the other parts of the valve train  The flywheel helps keep the crankshaft turning smoothly It also provides a large gear for the starting motor An engine block for a V8 engine Cylinder Head The cylinder head fits on top of the cylinder block to close off and seal the top of the cylinders The combustion chamber is an area into which the air-fuel mixture is compressed and burned The cylinder head contains all or most of the combustion chamber The cylinder head also contains ports, which are passageways through which the air-fuel mixture enters and burned gases exit the cylinder A cylinder head can be made of cast iron or aluminum Cylinder Block The biggest part of the engine is the cylinder block, which is also called an engine block The cylinder block is a large casting of metal (cast iron or aluminum) that is drilled with holes to allow for the passage of lubricants and coolant through the block and provide spaces for movement of mechanical parts The block contains the cylinders, which are round passageways fitted with pistons The block houses or holds the major mechanical parts of the engine Piston Piston  The burning of air and fuel takes place between the cylinder head and the top of the piston The piston is a can-shaped part closely fitted inside the cylinder In a four-stroke cycle engine, the piston moves through four different movements or strokes to complete one cycle These four are the intake, compression, power, and exhaust strokes On the intake stroke, the piston moves downward, and a charge of air-fuel mixture is introduced into the cylinder As the piston travels upward, the air-fuel mixture is compressed in preparation for burning Just before the piston reaches the top of the cylinder, ignition occurs and combustion starts The pressure of expanding gases forces the piston downward on its power stroke When it reciprocates, or moves upward again, the piston is on the exhaust stroke During the exhaust stroke, the piston pushes the burned gases out of the cylinder Connecting Rods and Crankshaft The reciprocating motion of the pistons must be converted to rotary motion before it can drive the wheels of a vehicle This conversion is achieved by linking the piston to a crankshaft with a connecting rod As the piston is pushed down on the power stroke, the connecting rod pushes on the crankshaft, causing it to rotate The end of the crankshaft is connected to the transmission to continue the power flow through the drivetrain and to the wheels Manifolds A manifold is metal ductwork assembly used to direct the flow of gases to or from the combustion chambers Two separate manifolds are attached to the cylinder head The intake manifold delivers a mixture of air and fuel to the intake ports The exhaust manifold mounts over the exhaust ports and carries exhaust gases away from the cylinders

Ngày đăng: 27/08/2018, 15:28

Từ khóa liên quan

Mục lục

  • ENGLISH FOR AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY

  • Slide 2

  • Slide 3

  • Slide 4

  • Four-Stroke Cycle

  • Four-Stroke Cycle

  • Four-Stroke Cycle

  • Four-Stroke Cycle

  • Basic Engine Parts

  • Basic Engine Parts

  • Basic Engine Parts

  • An engine block for a V8 engine

  • Cylinder Head

  • Slide 14

  • Cylinder Block

  • Slide 16

  • Piston

  • Piston

  • Connecting Rods and Crankshaft

  • Slide 20

Tài liệu cùng người dùng

  • Đang cập nhật ...

Tài liệu liên quan