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T h i s S e c ti o n c o n ta i n s r e q u i r e m e n ts fo r th e q u a l i fi c a ti o n o f w e l d e r s , w e l d i n g o p e r a to r s , b r a z e r s , b r a z i n g o p e r a to r s , p l a s ti c fu s i n g o p e r a to r s , a n d th e m a te r i a l j o i n i n g p r o c e s s e s t h e y u s e d u r i n g w e l d i n g , b r a z i n g , a n d fu s i n g o p e r a t i o n s fo r t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f c o m p o n e n t s u n d e r t h e r u l e s o f t h e A S M E B o i l e r a n d P r e s s u r e V e s s e l C o d e , t h e A S M E B 3 1 C o d e s fo r P r e s s u r e P i p i n g , a n d o t h e r C o d e s , s t a n d a r d s , a n d s p e c i fi c a t i o n s t h a t r e fe r e n c e t h i s S e c ti o n . T h i s S e c ti o n i s d i v i d e d i n to fo u r p a r ts . (1 ) P a r t Q G c o n t a i n s g e n e r a l r e q u i r e m e n t s fo r a l l m a te r i a l j o i n i n g p r o c e s s e s . (2 ) P a r t Q W c o n ta i n s r e q u i r e m e n ts fo r we l d i n g . (3 ) P a r t Q B c o n ta i n s r e q u i r e m e n ts fo r b r a z i n g . (4 ) P a r t Q F c o n ta i n s r e q u i r e m e n ts fo r p l a s ti c fu s i n g . (b ) Wh e n e ve r th e r e fe r e n c i n g C o d e , s ta n d a r d , o r s p e c i fi c a ti o n i m p o s e s r e q u i r e m e n ts d i ffe r e n t th a n th o s e g i ve n i n th i s S e c ti o n , th e r e q u i r e m e n ts o f th e r e fe r e n c i n g C o d e , s ta n d a r d , o r s p e c i fi c a ti o n s h a l l ta ke p r e c e d e n c e o v e r th e r e q u i r e m e n ts o f th i s S e c ti o n . (c) S o m e o f th e m o r e c o m m o n te r m s r e l a ti n g to m a te r i a l j o i n i n g p r o c e s s e s a r e d e fi n e d i n Q G 1 0 9 . W h e n e v e r th e w o r d “ p i p e ” i s u s e d , “ tu b e ” s h a l l a l s o b e a p p l i c a b l e . (d) N e w e d i ti o n s t o S e c ti o n I X m a y b e u s e d b e g i n n i n g w i t h t h e d a t e o f i s s u a n c e a n d b e c o m e s m a n d a t o r y 6 m o n th s a fte r th e d a te o f i s s u a n c e . (e ) C o d e C a s e s a r e p e r m i s s i b l e a n d m a y b e u s e d , b e g i n n i n g w i th th e d a te o f a p p r o v a l b y A S M E . O n l y C o d e C a s e s th a t a r e s p e c i fi c a l l y i d e n ti fi e d a s b e i n g a p p l i c a b l e to th i s S e c ti o n m a y b e u s e d . A t th e ti m e a C o d e C a s e i s a p p l i e d , o n l y th e l a te s t r e v i s i o n m a y b e u s e d . C o d e C a s e s th a t h a ve b e e n i n c o r p o r a te d i n to th i s S e c ti o n o r h a ve b e e n a n n u l l e d s h a l l n o t b e u s e d fo r n e w q u a l i fi c a ti o n s , u n l e s s p e r m i tte d b y t h e r e fe r e n c i n g C o d e . Q u a l i fi c a t i o n s u s i n g t h e p r o v i s i o n s o f a C o d e C a s e r e m a i n v a l i d a fte r th e C o d e C a s e i s a n n u l l e d . T h e C o d e C a s e n u m b e r s h a l l b e l i s t e d o n t h e q u a l i fi c a ti o n r e c o r d ( s ) . (f) T h r o u g h o u t t h i s S e c t i o n , r e fe r e n c e s a r e m a d e t o va r i o u s n o n AS M E d o c u m e n ts . U n l e s s a s p e c i fi c d a te i s r e fe r e n c e d , th e la te s t e d i ti o n o f th e r e fe r e n c e d o c u m e n t i n e ffe c t a t th e ti m e o f p e r fo r m a n c e o r p r o c e d u r e q u a l i fi c a ti o n i s to b e u s e d
AS M E B P V C I X- S E C T I O N I X We l d i n g , B r a z i n g , a n d Fu s i n g Qu a l i f i c a t i o n s 201 ASME Bo i l e r a n d Pr e s s u r e Ve s s e l C o d e An I n t e r n a t i o n a l C o d e Qu a l i f i c a t i o n S t a n d a r d f o r We l d i n g , B r a z i n g , a n d Fu s i n g P r o c e d u r e s ; We l d e r s ; B r a z e r s ; a n d We l d i n g , B r a z i n g , a n d Fu s i n g O p e r a t o r s Markings such as “ASME,” “ASME Standard,” or any other marking including “ASME,” ASME logos, or the Certification Mark shall not be used on any item that is not constructed in accordance with all of the applicable requirements of the Code or Standard Use of ASME’s name, logos, or Certification Mark requires formal ASME certification; if no certification program is available, such ASME markings may not be used (For Certification and Accreditation Programs, see https://www.asme.org/shop/certification accreditation.) ‐ Items produced by parties not formally certified by ASME may not be described, either explicitly or implicitly, as ASME certified or approved in any code forms or other document AN I N TERN ATI ON AL CODE 2017 ASM E Boi ler & Pressu re Vessel Cod e 017 Ed i ti on J u ly 1, 017 IX QU ALI FI CATI ON STAN DARD FOR WELDI N G , BRAZI N G , AN D FU SI N G PROCEDU RES; WELDERS; BRAZERS; AN D WELDI N G , BRAZI N G , AN D FU SI N G OPERATORS ASM E Boi ler an d Pressu re Vessel Com m i ttee on Welding, Brazing, and Fusing Two Park Avenue • New York, NY • 001 USA Date of Issuance: July 1, 2017 This international code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American National Standards and it is an American National Standard The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals from competent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate The proposed code or standard was made available for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia, regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large ASME does not “ approve,” “rate,” or “endorse ” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any items mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability for infringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assume any such liability Users of a code or standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted as government or industry endorsement of this code or standard ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the established ASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals The endnotes and preamble in this document (if any) are part of this American National Standard ASME collective membership mark Certification Mark The above ASME symbol is registered in the U.S Patent Office ASME ” is the trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers “ No part of this document may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 56-3934 Printed in the United States of America Adopted by the Council of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1914; latest edition 2017 The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Two Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990 Copyright © 2017 by THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS All rights reserved TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Sections Foreword Statement of Policy on the Use of the Certification Mark and Code Authorization in Advertising Statement of Policy on the Use of ASME Marking to Identify Manufactured Items Submittal of Technical Inquiries to the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Standards Committees Personnel Introduction Summary of Changes List of Changes in Record Number Order Cross-Referencing and Stylistic Changes in the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code x xii xiv xiv xv xviii xxxvii xl xlvii l Part QG QG-100 QG-109 General Requirements Scope Definitions 1 Part QW Welding 15 Article I QW-100 QW-110 QW-120 QW-130 QW-140 QW-150 QW-160 QW-170 QW-180 QW-190 Welding General Requirements Scope Weld Orientation Test Positions for Groove Welds Test Positions for Fillet Welds Types and Purposes of Tests and Examinations Tension Tests Guided ‐ Bend Tests Toughness Tests Fillet‐ Weld Tests Other Tests and Examinations 15 15 15 15 16 16 17 18 19 19 21 Article II QW-200 QW-210 QW-220 QW-250 QW-290 Welding Procedure Qualifications General Preparation of Test Coupon Hybrid Welding Procedure Variables Welding Variables Temper Bead Welding 28 28 31 32 33 66 Article III QW-300 QW-310 QW-320 QW-350 QW-360 QW-380 Welding Performance Qualifications General Qualification Test Coupons Retests and Renewal of Qualification Welding Variables for Welders Welding Variables for Welding Operators Special Processes 70 70 72 73 74 75 76 Article IV QW-400 QW-410 QW-420 QW-430 QW-440 QW-450 QW-460 Welding Data Variables Technique Base Metal Groupings F‐ Numbers Weld Metal Chemical Composition Specimens Graphics 78 78 88 92 163 174 175 180 iii QW-470 Etching — Processes and Reagents 224 Article V QW-500 QW-510 QW-520 QW-530 QW-540 Standard Welding Procedure Specifications (SWPSs) General Adoption of SWPSs Use of SWPSs Without Discrete Demonstration Forms Production Use of SWPSs 226 226 226 226 227 227 Brazing 228 Article XI QB-100 QB-110 QB-120 QB-140 QB-150 QB-160 QB-170 QB-180 Brazing General Requirements Scope Braze Orientation Test Positions for Lap, Butt, Scarf, or Rabbet Joints Types and Purposes of Tests and Examinations Tension Tests Guided ‐ Bend Tests Peel Tests Sectioning Tests and Workmanship Coupons 228 228 228 228 229 229 230 231 231 Article XII QB-200 QB-210 QB-250 Brazing Procedure Qualifications General Preparation of Test Coupon Brazing Variables 232 232 234 234 Article XIII QB-300 QB-310 QB-320 QB-350 Brazing Performance Qualifications General Qualification Test Coupons Retests and Renewal of Qualification Brazing Variables for Brazers and Brazing Operators Article XIV QB-400 QB-410 QB-420 QB-430 QB-450 QB-460 Brazing Data Variables Technique P ‐ Numbers F‐ Numbers Specimens Graphics Part QB Part QF 238 238 239 239 239 240 240 241 241 241 244 248 Plastic Fusing 267 267 267 267 267 267 268 Article XXI QF-100 QF-110 QF-120 QF-130 QF-140 Plastic Fusing General Requirements Scope Fused Joint Orientation Test Positions Data Acquisition and Evaluation Examinations and Tests Article XXII QF-200 QF-220 QF-250 Fusing Procedure Qualifications General Standard Fusing Procedure Specifications Fusing Variables 273 273 276 278 Article XXIII QF-300 QF-310 QF-320 QF-360 Plastic Fusing Performance Qualifications General Qualification Test Coupons Retests and Renewal of Qualification Essential Variables for Performance Qualification of Fusing Operators 280 280 281 281 281 Article XXIV QF-400 Plastic Fusing Data Variables 283 283 iv QF-420 QF-450 QF-460 QF-480 QF-490 Material Groupings Pipe Fusing Limits Graphics Forms Definitions 284 285 285 297 307 Nonmandatory Appendix B B-100 Welding and Brazing Forms Forms 308 308 Nonmandatory Appendix D P‐ Number Listing 319 Mandatory Appendix E Permitted SWPSs 338 Mandatory Appendix F Standard Units for Use in Equations 341 Nonmandatory Appendix G G-100 G-200 G-300 Guidance for the Use of U.S Customary and SI Units in the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Use of Units in Equations Guidelines Used to Develop SI Equivalents Soft Conversion Factors 342 342 342 344 Nonmandatory Appendix H H-100 H-200 H-300 H-400 H-500 Waveform Controlled Welding Background Waveform Controlled Welding and Heat Input Determination New Procedures Qualifications Existing Qualified Procedures Performance Qualifications 345 345 345 345 346 346 Mandatory Appendix J Guideline for Requesting P-Number Assignments for Base Metals not Listed in Table QW/QB-422 Introduction Request Format Submittals 347 347 347 347 Guidance on Invoking Section IX Requirements in Other Codes, Standards, Specifications, and Contract Documents Background and Purpose Scope of Section IX and What Referencing Documents Must Address Recommended Wording General 348 348 348 348 Welders and Welding Operators Qualified Under ISO 9606-1:2012 and ISO 14732-2013 Introduction Administrative Requirements Technical Requirements Testing Requirements 350 350 350 350 350 J-100 J-200 J-300 Nonmandatory Appendix K K-100 K-200 K-300 — Nonmandatory Appendix L L-100 L-200 L-300 L-400 FI G U RES QG-109.2.1 QG-109.2.2 QW-191.1.2.2(b)(4) QW-461.1 QW-461.2 QW-461.3 QW-461.4 QW-461.5 QW-461.6 QW-461.7 QW-461.8 QW-461.10 QW-462.1(a) Typical Single and Multibead Layers Typical Single Bead Layers Rounded Indication Charts Positions of Welds — Groove Welds Positions of Welds — Fillet Welds Groove Welds in Plate — Test Positions Groove Welds in Pipe — Test Positions Fillet Welds in Plate — Test Positions Fillet Welds in Pipe — Test Positions Stud Welds — Test Positions Stud Welds — Welding Positions Rotating Tool Design Characteristics (FSW) Referenced in QW-410 Tension — Reduced Section — Plate v 13 14 22 180 181 182 182 183 184 185 185 187 188 QW-462.1(b) QW-462.1(c) QW-462.1(d) QW-462.1(e) QW-462.2 QW-462.3(a) QW-462.3(b) QW-462.4(a) QW-462.4(b) QW-462.4(c) QW-462.4(d) QW-462.5(a) QW-462.5(b) QW-462.5(c) QW-462.5(d) QW-462.5(e) QW-462.7.1 QW-462.7.2 QW-462.7.3 QW-462.8.1 QW-462.8.2 QW-462.9 QW-462.12 QW-462.13 QW-463.1(a) QW-463.1(b) QW-463.1(c) QW-463.1(d) QW-463.1(e) QW-463.1(f) QW-463.2(a) QW-463.2(b) QW 463.2(c) QW-463.2(d) QW-463.2(e) QW-463.2(f) QW-463.2(g) QW-463.2(h) QW-464.1 QW-464.2 QW-466.1 QW-466.2 QW-466.3 QW-466.4 QW-466.5 QW-466.6 QW-469.1 QW-469.2 QB-461.1 QB-461.2 QB-462.1(a) Tension — Reduced Section — Pipe Tension — Reduced Section Alternate for Pipe Tension — Reduced Section — Turned Specimens Tension — Full Section — Small Diameter Pipe Side Bend Face and Root Bends — Transverse Face and Root Bends — Longitudinal Fillet Welds in Plate — Procedure Fillet Welds in Plate — Performance Fillet Welds in Pipe — Performance Fillet Welds in Pipe — Procedure Chemical Analysis and Hardness Specimen Corrosion ‐ Resistant and Hard ‐ Facing Weld Metal Overlay Chemical Analysis Specimen, Hard ‐ Facing Overlay Hardness, and Macro Test Location(s) for Corrosion ‐ Resistant and Hard ‐ Facing Weld Metal Overlay Pipe Bend Specimen — Corrosion ‐ Resistant Weld Metal Overlay Plate Bend Specimens — Corrosion ‐ Resistant Weld Metal Overlay Plate Macro, Hardness, and Chemical Analysis Specimens — Corrosion ‐ Resistant and Hard ‐ Facing Weld Metal Overlay Resistance Seam Weld Test Coupon Seam Weld Section Specimen Removal Resistance Weld Nugget Section Test Specimens Spot Welds in Sheets Seam Weld Peel Test Specimen and Method Spot Welds in Sheet Nomenclature for Temper Bead Welding Measurement of Temper Bead Overlap Plates — Less Than 3/4 in (19 mm) Thickness Procedure Qualification Plates — 3/4 in (19 mm) and Over Thickness and Alternate From 3/8 in (10 mm) but Less Than 3/4 in (19 mm) Thickness Procedure Qualification Plates — Longitudinal Procedure Qualification Procedure Qualification Procedure Qualification Toughness Test Specimen Location Plates — Less Than 3/4 in (19 mm) Thickness Performance Qualification Plates — 3/4 in (19 mm) and Over Thickness and Alternate From 3/8 in (10 mm) but Less Than 3/4 in (19 mm) Thickness Performance Qualification Plates — Longitudinal Performance Qualification Performance Qualification Performance Qualification Pipe — NPS 10 (DN 250) Assembly Performance Qualification NPS (DN 150) or NPS (DN 200) Assembly Performance Qualification Performance Qualification Procedure Qualification Test Coupon and Test Specimens Performance Qualification Test Coupons and Test Specimens Test Jig Dimensions Guided ‐ Bend Roller Jig Guided ‐ Bend Wrap Around Jig Stud ‐ Weld Bend Jig Torque Testing Arrangement for Stud Welds Suggested Type Tensile Test Figure for Stud Welds Butt Joint Alternative Butt Joint Flow Positions Test Flow Positions Tension — Reduced Section for Butt and Scarf Joints — Plate vi 188 189 189 190 191 192 193 193 194 194 195 195 196 197 198 199 199 200 200 201 202 203 207 208 208 208 209 209 210 210 211 211 212 212 213 213 214 215 216 217 218 220 220 221 222 223 224 224 248 249 250 QB-462.1(b) QB-462.1(c) QB-462.1(e) QB-462.1(f) QB-462.2(a) QB-462.2(b) QB-462.3 QB-462.4 QB-462.5 QB-463.1(a) QB-463.1(b) QB-463.1(c) QB-463.1(d) QB-463.1(e) QB-463.2(a) QB-463.2(b) QB-463.2(c) QB-466.1 QB-466.2 QB-466.3 QF-221.1 QF-461.1 QF-461.2 QF-462 QF-463 QF-464 QF-465 QF-466 QF-467 QF-468 QF-469 QF-470 TABLES QW-252 QW-252.1 QW-253 QW-253.1 QW-254 QW-254.1 QW-255 QW-255.1 QW-256 QW-256.1 QW-257 QW-257.1 QW-258 QW-258.1 QW-259 QW-260 QW-261 QW-262 QW-263 Tension — Reduced Section for Butt, Lap, and Scarf Joints — Pipe Tension — Reduced Section for Lap and Rabbet Joints — Plate Tension — Full Section for Lap, Scarf, and Butt Joints — Small Diameter Pipe Support Fixture for Reduced ‐ Section Tension Specimens Transverse First and Second Surface Bends — Plate and Pipe Longitudinal First and Second Surface Bends — Plate Lap Joint Peel Specimen Lap Joint Section Specimen (See QB-181) Workmanship Coupons Plates Procedure Qualification Plates Procedure Qualification Plates Procedure Qualification Plates Procedure Qualification Pipe — Procedure Qualification Plates Performance Qualification Plates Performance Qualification Pipe Performance Qualification Guided ‐ Bend Jig Guided ‐ Bend Roller Jig Guided ‐ Bend Wrap Around Jig Required Minimum Melt Bead Size Fusing Positions Fusing Test Positions Cross Section of Upset Beads for Butt-Fused PE Pipe Bend Test Specimen Removal, Configuration, and Testing HSTIT Specimen Configuration and Dimensions HSTIT Specimen Failure Examples Electrofusion Crush Test Electrofusion Bend Test Fusion Zone Void Criteria Electrofusion Peel Test Short-Term Hydrostatic Test Specimen Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS) — Oxyfuel Gas Welding (OFW) Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS) — Oxyfuel Gas Welding (OFW) Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS) — Shielded Metal‐ Arc Welding (SMAW) Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS) — Shielded Metal‐ Arc Welding (SMAW) Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS) — Submerged ‐ Arc Welding (SAW) Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS) — Submerged ‐ Arc Welding (SAW) Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS) — Gas Metal ‐ Arc Welding (GMAW and FCAW) Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS) — Gas Metal ‐ Arc Welding (GMAW and FCAW) Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS) — Gas Tungsten ‐ Arc Welding (GTAW) Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS) — Gas Tungsten ‐ Arc Welding (GTAW) Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS) — Plasma‐ Arc Welding (PAW) Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS) — Plasma‐ Arc Welding (PAW) Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS) — Electroslag Welding (ESW) Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS) — Electroslag Welding (ESW) Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS) — Electrogas Welding (EGW) Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS) — Electron Beam Welding (EBW) Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS) — Stud Welding Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS) — Inertia and Continuous Drive Friction Welding Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS) — Resistance Welding vii 251 252 253 254 255 255 256 256 257 258 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 266 277 285 286 287 288 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 42 43 45 46 48 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 QW-264 QW-264.1 QW-264.2 QW-265 QW-266 QW-267 QW-290.4 QW-352 QW-353 QW-354 QW-355 QW-356 QW-357 QW-416 QW/QB-422 QW-432 QW-442 QW-451.1 QW-451.2 QW-451.3 QW-451.4 QW-452.1(a) QW-452.1(b) QW-452.3 QW-452.4 QW-452.5 QW-452.6 QW-453 QW-461.9 QW-462.10(a) QW-462.10(b) QW-462.10(c) QW-473.3-1 QB-252 QB-253 QB-254 QB-255 QB-256 QB-257 QB-432 QB-451.1 QB-451.2 QB-451.3 QB-451.4 QB-451.5 QB-452.1 QB-452.2 QF-144.2 QF-144.2.3 QF-202.2.2 QF-221.2 QF-222.1 QF-254 QF-255 Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS) — Laser Beam Welding (LBW) Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS) — Laser Beam Welding (LBW) Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS) — Low-Power Density Laser Beam Welding (LLBW) Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS) — Flash Welding Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS) — Diffusion Welding (DFW) Welding Variables Procedure Specifications — Friction Stir Welding (FSW) Welding Variables for Temper Bead Procedure Qualification Oxyfuel Gas Welding (OFW) Shielded Metal ‐ Arc Welding (SMAW) Semiautomatic Submerged ‐ Arc Welding (SAW) Semiautomatic Gas Metal ‐ Arc Welding (GMAW) Manual and Semiautomatic Gas Tungsten ‐ Arc Welding (GTAW) Manual and Semiautomatic Plasma‐ Arc Welding (PAW) Welding Variables Ferrous and Nonferrous P ‐ Numbers F‐ Numbers A‐ Numbers Groove ‐ Weld Tension Tests and Transverse ‐ Bend Tests Groove ‐ Weld Tension Tests and Longitudinal ‐ Bend Tests Fillet‐ Weld Tests Fillet Welds Qualified by Groove ‐ Weld Tests Test Specimens Thickness of Weld Metal Qualified Groove ‐ Weld Diameter Limits Small Diameter Fillet‐ Weld Test Fillet‐ Weld Test Fillet Qualification by Groove ‐ Weld Tests Procedure and Performance Qualification Thickness Limits and Test Specimens for Hard ‐ Facing (Wear‐ Resistant) and Corrosion ‐ Resistant Overlays Performance Qualification — Position and Diameter Limitations Shear Strength Requirements for Spot or Projection Weld Specimens Shear Strength Requirements for Spot or Projection Weld Specimens Shear Strength Requirements for Spot or Projection Weld Specimens Makeup of Equations for Aqua Regia and Lepito ’ s Etch Torch Brazing (TB) Furnace Brazing (FB) Induction Brazing (IB) Resistance Brazing (RB) Dip Brazing — Salt or Flux Bath (DB) Dip Brazing — Molten Metal Bath (DB) F‐ Numbers Tension Tests and Transverse ‐ Bend Tests — Butt and Scarf Joints Tension Tests and Longitudinal Bend Tests — Butt and Scarf Joints Tension Tests and Peel Tests — LAP Joints Tension Tests and Section Tests — Rabbet Joints Section Tests — Workmanship Coupon Joints Peel or Section Tests — Butt, Scarf, Lap, Rabbet Joints Section Tests — Workmanship Specimen Joints Testing Speed Requirements Electrofusion Procedure Qualification Test Coupons Required Maximum Heater Plate Removal Time for Pipe-to-Pipe Fusing Electrofusion Material Combinations Fusing Variables Procedure Specification Fusing Variables Procedure Specification viii 57 58 59 61 62 63 67 74 74 74 74 75 75 91 93 164 174 175 176 176 176 177 177 178 178 178 179 179 186 204 205 206 225 234 235 235 236 236 237 242 244 244 245 245 246 247 247 271 272 275 277 278 279 279 ASME BPVC.IX-2017 P‐ No Grp No Titanium and ‐ Base 52 52 52 52 Spec No Alloys (Cont'd) B/SB-861 B/SB-861 B/SB-862 B/SB-862 Type, Grade, or UNS No P‐ No Titanium and ‐ Base 54 54 54 54 54 R50550 R53400 R50550 R53400 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 B/SB-265 B/SB-338 B/SB-348 B/SB-363 B/SB-381 B/SB-861 B/SB-862 B/SB-265 B/SB-338 B/SB-348 B/SB-363 B/SB-381 B/SB-861 B/SB-862 R56320 R56320 R56320 R56320 R56320 R56320 R56320 R56323 R56323 R56323 R56323 R56323 R56323 R56323 54 54 B/SB-265 B/SB-338 R54250 R54250 Grp No Spec No Alloys (Cont'd) B/SB-348 B/SB-363 B/SB-381 B/SB-861 B/SB-862 Type, Grade, or UNS No R54250 R54250 R54250 R54250 R54250 Zirconium and Zirconium ‐ Base Alloys 337 61 61 61 61 61 61 B/SB-493 B/SB-523 B/SB-550 B/SB-551 B/SB-653 B/SB-658 R60702 R60702 R60702 R60702 R60702 R60702 62 62 62 62 62 B/SB-493 B/SB-523 B/SB-550 B/SB-551 B/SB-658 R60705 R60705 R60705 R60705 R60705 ASME BPVC.IX-2017 M AN DATORY APPEN DI X E PERM I TTED SWPSS The following AWS Standard Welding Procedure Specifications may be used under the requirements given in Article V Specification Designation Carbon Steel Shielded Metal Arc Welding Standard Welding Procedure Specification for Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Carbon Steel (M ‐ 1/P ‐ 1/S ‐ 1, Group through 1/2 inch Thick, E7018, As ‐ Welded or PWHT Condition Standard Welding Procedure Specification for Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Carbon Steel (M ‐ 1/P ‐ 1/S ‐ 1, Group through 1/2 inch Thick, E6010, As ‐ Welded or PWHT Condition Standard Welding Procedure Specification for Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Carbon Steel (M ‐ 1/P ‐ 1/S ‐ 1, Group through 1/2 inch Thick, E6010 (Vertical Uphill) Followed by E7018, As ‐ Welded or PWHT Condition Standard Welding Procedure Specification for Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Carbon Steel (M ‐ 1/P ‐ 1/S ‐ 1, Group through 1/2 inch Thick, E6010 (Vertical Downhill) Followed by E7018, As ‐ Welded or PWHT Condition or 2), 1/8 or 2), 1/8 or 2), 1/8 or 2), 1/8 Combination GTAW and SMAW Standard Welding Procedure Specification for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Followed by Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Carbon Steel (M ‐ 1/P ‐ 1/S ‐ 1, Group or 2), 1/8 through 1/2 inch Thick, ER70S ‐ and E7018, As ‐ Welded or PWHT Condition Flux Cored Arc Welding Standard Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) for CO Shielded Flux Cored Arc Welding of Carbon Steel (M ‐ 1/ P ‐ 1/S ‐ 1, Group or 2), 1/8 through 1/2 inch Thick, E70T‐ and E71T‐ 1, As ‐ Welded Condition Standard Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) for 75% Ar/25% CO Shielded Flux Cored Arc Welding of Carbon Steel (M ‐ 1/P ‐ 1/S ‐ 1, Group or 2), 1/8 through 1/2 inch Thick, E70T‐ and E71T‐ 1, As ‐ Welded or PWHT Condition Carbon Steel Primarily Pipe Applications Shielded Metal Arc Welding Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Carbon Steel (M ‐ 1/P ‐ 1/S ‐ 1, Group or 2), 1/8 through 3/4 inch Thick, E6010 (Vertical Uphill) Followed by E7018 (Vertical Uphill), As ‐ Welded Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Carbon Steel (M ‐ 1/P ‐ 1/S ‐ 1, Group or 2), 1/8 through 3/4 inch Thick, E6010 (Vertical Downhill) Followed by E7018 (Vertical Uphill), As ‐ Welded Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Carbon Steel (M ‐ 1/P ‐ 1/S ‐ 1, Group or 2), 1/8 through 3/4 inch Thick, E6010 (Vertical Uphill), As ‐ Welded Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Carbon Steel (M ‐ 1/P ‐ 1/S ‐ 1, Group or 2), 1/8 through 3/4 inch Thick, E6010 (Vertical Downhill Root with the Balance Vertical Uphill), As ‐ Welded Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Carbon Steel (M ‐ 1/P ‐ 1/S ‐ 1, Group or 2), 1/8 through 1/2 inch Thick, E6010 (Vertical Uphill) Followed by E7018 (Vertical Uphill), As ‐ Welded or PWHT Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Carbon Steel (M ‐ 1/P ‐ 1/S ‐ 1, Group or 2), 1/8 through 1/2 inch Thick, E6010 (Vertical Downhill) Followed by E7018 (Vertical Uphill), As ‐ Welded or PWHT Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Carbon Steel (M ‐ 1/P ‐ 1/S ‐ 1, Group or 2), 1/8 through 1/2 inch Thick, E7018, As ‐ Welded or PWHT Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications — Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding of Carbon Steel (M ‐ 1/P ‐ 1/S ‐ 1, Group or 2), 1/8 through 1/2 inch Thick, ER70S ‐ 2, As ‐ Welded or PWHT Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding with Consumable Insert Root of Carbon Steel (M ‐ 1/P ‐ 1/S ‐ 1, Group or 2), 1/8 through 1/2 inch Thick, INMs ‐ and ER70S ‐ 2, As ‐ Welded or PWHT Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications 338 B2.1 ‐ ‐ 016 ‐ 94 (R05) B2.1 ‐ ‐ 017 ‐ 94 (R05) B2.1 ‐ ‐ 022 ‐ 94 (R05) B2.1 ‐ ‐ 026 ‐ 94 (R05) B2.1 ‐ ‐ 021 ‐ 94 (R05) B2.1 ‐ ‐ 019 ‐ 94 (R05) B2.1 ‐ ‐ 020 ‐ 94 (R05) B2.1 ‐ ‐ 201 ‐ 96 (R07) B2.1 ‐ ‐ 202 ‐ 96 (R07) B2.1 ‐ ‐ 203 ‐ 96 (R07) B2.1 ‐ ‐ 204 ‐ 96 (R07) B2.1 ‐ ‐ 205 ‐ 96 (R07) B2.1 ‐ ‐ 206 ‐ 96 (R07) B2.1 ‐ ‐ 208 ‐ 96 (R07) B2.1 ‐ ‐ 207 ‐ 96 (R07) B2.1 ‐ ‐ 210: 2001 (R11) ASME BPVC.IX-2017 Table continued Specification Carbon Steel Primarily Pipe Applications (Cont'd) — Flux Cored Arc Welding Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Argon plus 25% Carbon Dioxide Shielded Flux Cored Arc Welding of Carbon Steel (M ‐ 1/P ‐ 1/S ‐ 1, Groups and 2), 1/8 through 1/2 inch Thick, E7XT ‐ X, As ‐ Welded or PWHT Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications Gas Metal Arc Welding — Spray Transfer Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Argon plus 2% Oxygen Shielded Gas Metal Arc Welding (Spray Transfer Mode) of Carbon Steel (M ‐ 1/P ‐ 1/S ‐ 1, Groups and 2), 1/8 through 1/2 inch Thick, E70S ‐ 3, Flat Position Only, As ‐ Welded or PWHT Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications Combination GTAW and SMAW Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Followed by Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Carbon Steel (M ‐ 1/P ‐ 1/S ‐ 1, Group or 2), 1/8 through 1/2 inch Thick, ER70S ‐ and E7018, As ‐ Welded or PWHT Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding with Consumable Insert Root followed by Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Carbon Steel (M ‐ 1/P ‐ 1/S ‐ 1, Group or 2), 1/8 through 1/2 inch Thick, INMs ‐ 1, ER70S ‐ 2, and E7018, As ‐ Welded or PWHT Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications Austenitic Stainless Steel Plate and Pipe Shielded Metal Arc Welding Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Austenitic Stainless Steel (M ‐ 8/P ‐ 8/ S ‐ 8, Group 1), 1/8 through 1/2 inch Thick, As ‐ Welded Condition Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding of Austenitic Stainless Steel (M ‐ 8/P ‐ 8/S ‐ 8, Group 1), 1/16 through 1/2 inch Thick, ER3XX, As ‐ Welded Condition, Primarily Plate and Structural Applications Combination GTAW and SMAW Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Followed by Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Austenitic Stainless Steel (M ‐ 8/P ‐ 8/S ‐ 8, Group 1), 1/8 through 1/2 inch Thick, ER3XX and 3XX‐ XX, As ‐ Welded Condition, Primarily Plate and Structural Applications Austenitic Stainless Steel Primarily Pipe Applications Shielded Metal Arc Welding Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Austenitic Stainless Steel (M ‐ 8/P ‐ 8/ S ‐ 8, Group 1), 1/8 through 1/2 inch Thick, E3XX‐ XX, As ‐ Welded Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding of Austenitic Stainless Steel (M ‐ 8/P ‐ 8/S ‐ 8, Group 1), 1/16 through 1/2 inch Thick, ER3XX, As ‐ Welded Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding with Consumable Insert of Austenitic Stainless Steel (M ‐ 8/P ‐ 8/S ‐ 8, Group 1), 1/8 through 1/2 inch Thick, IN3XX and ER3XX, As ‐ Welded Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications Combination GTAW and SMAW Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Followed by Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Austenitic Stainless Steel (M ‐ 8/P ‐ 8/S ‐ 8, Group 1), 1/8 through 1/2 inch Thick, ER3XX and E3XX‐ XX, As ‐ Welded Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding with Consumable Insert Root followed by Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Austenitic Stainless Steel (M ‐ 8/P ‐ 8/S ‐ 8, Group 1), 1/8 through 1/2 inch Thick, IN3XX, ER3XXX, and E3XX‐ XX, As ‐ Welded Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications Carbon Steel to Austenitic Stainless Steel Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding of Carbon Steel to Austenitic Stainless Steel (M ‐ 1/P ‐ 1/S ‐ 1, Groups and Welded to M ‐ 8/P ‐ 8/S ‐ 8, Group 1), 1/16 through 1/2 inch Thick, ER309(L), As ‐ Welded Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding with Consumable Insert Root of Carbon Steel to Austenitic Stainless Steel (M ‐ 1/P ‐ 1/S ‐ 1, Groups and Welded to M ‐ 8/P ‐ 8/S ‐ 8, Group 1), 1/16 through 1/2 inch Thick, IN309 and R309(L), As ‐ Welded Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications 339 Designation B2.1 ‐ ‐ 234: 2006 B2.1 ‐ ‐ 235: 2006 B2.1 ‐ ‐ 209 ‐ 96 (R07) B2.1 ‐ ‐ 211: 2001 (R11) B2.1 ‐ ‐ 023 ‐ 94 (R05) B2.1 ‐ ‐ 024: 2001 (R11) B2.1 ‐ ‐ 025: 2001 (R11) B2.1 ‐ ‐ 213 ‐ 97 (R11) B2.1 ‐ ‐ 212: 2001 (R11) B2.1 ‐ ‐ 215: 2001 (R11) B2.1 ‐ ‐ 214: 2001 (R11) B2.1 ‐ ‐ 216: 2001 (R11) B2.1 ‐ 1/8 ‐ 227: 2002 (R13) B2.1 ‐ 1/8 ‐ 230: 2002 (R13) ASME BPVC.IX-2017 Table continued Specification Carbon Steel to Austenitic Stainless Steel (Cont'd) Designation Shielded Metal Arc Welding Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Carbon Steel to Austenitic Stainless Steel (M ‐ 1/P ‐ 1/S ‐ 1, Groups and Welded to M ‐ 8/P ‐ 8/S ‐ 8, Group 1) , 1/8 through 1/2 inch Thick, E309(L) ‐ 15, ‐ 16, or ‐ 17, As ‐ Welded Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications B2.1 ‐ 1/8 ‐ 228: 2002 (R13) Combination GTAW and SMAW Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Followed by Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Carbon Steel to Austenitic Stainless Steel (M ‐ 1/P ‐ 1/S ‐ Groups and Welded to M ‐ 8/P ‐ 8/S ‐ 8, Group 1), 1/8 through 1/2 inch Thick, ER309(L) and E309(L) ‐ 15, ‐ 16, or ‐ 17, As ‐ Welded Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications B2.1 ‐ 1/8 ‐ 229: 2002 (R13) Standard Welding Procedure Specification (SWPS) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding with Consumable Insert Root, Followed by Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Carbon Steel to Austenitic Stainless Steel (M ‐ 1/P ‐ 1/S ‐ Groups and Welded to M ‐ 8/P ‐ 8/ S ‐ 8, Group 1) 1/8 through 1/2 inch Thick, IN309, ER309(L) , and E309(L) ‐ 15, ‐ 16, ‐ 17, As ‐ Welded Condition, Primarily Pipe Applications B2.1 ‐ 1/8 ‐ 231: 2002 340 ASME BPVC.IX-2017 M AN DATORY APPEN DI X F STAN DARD U N I TS FOR U SE I N EQU ATI ON S Table F-100 Stan d ard U n i ts for U se i n Eq u ati on s Quantity U.S Customary Units SI Units Linear dimensions (e.g., length, height, thickness, radius, diameter) inches (in.) millimeters (mm) Area square inches (in ) square millimeters (mm ) Volume cubic inches (in ) cubic millimeters (mm ) Section modulus cubic inches (in ) cubic millimeters (mm ) Moment of inertia of section inches (in 4) millimeters (mm 4) Mass (weight) pounds mass (lbm) kilograms (kg) Force (load) pounds force (lbf) newtons (N) newton ‐ millimeters (N·mm) Bending moment inch ‐ pounds (in ‐ lb) Pressure, stress, stress intensity, and modulus of elasticity pounds per square inch (psi) megapascals (MPa) Energy (e.g., Charpy impact values) foot‐ pounds (ft‐ lb) joules (J) Temperature degrees Fahrenheit (°F) degrees Celsius (°C) Absolute temperature Rankine (°R) kelvin (K) Fracture toughness ksi square root inches MPa square root meters Angle degrees or radians degrees or radians Boiler capacity Btu/hr watts (W) 341 ASME BPVC.IX-2017 N ON M AN DATORY APPEN DI X G G U I DAN CE FOR TH E U SE OF U S CU STOM ARY AN D SI U N I TS I N TH E ASM E BOI LER AN D PRESSU RE VESSEL CODE G -100 were included in the SI equivalent if there was any question The values of allowable stress in Section II, Part D generally include three significant figures (e) Minimum thickness and radius values that are expressed in fractions of an inch were generally converted according to the following table: U SE OF U N I TS I N EQU ATI ON S The equations in this Nonmandatory Appendix are suitable for use with either the U.S Customary or the SI units provided in Mandatory Appendix F, or with the units provided in the nomenclature associated with that equation It is the responsibility of the individual and organization performing the calculations to ensure that appropriate units are used Either U.S Customary or SI units may be used as a consistent set When necessary to convert from one system of units to another, the units shall be converted to at least three significant figures for use in calculations and other aspects of construction G -2 00 Fraction, in /32 /64 /16 /32 /8 /32 /16 /32 /4 /16 /8 /16 /2 /16 /8 11 /16 /4 /8 G U I DELI N ES U SED TO DEVELOP SI EQU I VALEN TS The following guidelines were used to develop SI equivalents: (a) SI units are placed in parentheses after the U.S Customary units in the text (b) In general, separate SI tables are provided if interpolation is expected The table designation (e.g., table number) is the same for both the U.S Customary and SI tables, with the addition of suffix “ M ” to the designator for the SI table, if a separate table is provided In the text, references to a table use only the primary table number (i.e., without the “ M ” ) For some small tables, where interpolation is not required, SI units are placed in parentheses after the U.S Customary unit (c) Separate SI versions of graphical information (charts) are provided, except that if both axes are dimensionless, a single figure (chart) is used (d) In most cases, conversions of units in the text were done using hard SI conversion practices, with some soft conversions on a case ‐ by‐ case basis, as appropriate This was implemented by rounding the SI values to the number of significant figures of implied precision in the existing U.S Customary units For example, 3,000 psi has an implied precision of one significant figure Therefore, the co n ve rs i o n to S I u ni ts wo u l d typ i cal l y b e to 20 000 kPa This is a difference of about 3% from the “ exact” or soft conversion of 20 684.27 kPa However, the precision of the conversion was determined by the Committee on a case ‐ by‐ case basis More significant digits Proposed SI Conversion, mm 0.8 1.2 1.5 2.5 5.5 10 11 13 14 16 17 19 22 25 Difference, % − 0.8 − 0.8 5.5 − 5.0 5.5 − 0.8 − 5.0 1.0 5.5 − 0.8 − 5.0 1.0 − 2.4 2.0 − 0.8 2.6 0.3 1.0 1.6 (f) For nominal sizes that are in even increments of inches, even multiples of 25 mm were generally used Intermediate values were interpolated rather than converting and rounding to the nearest millimeter See examples in the following table [Note that this table does not apply to nominal pipe sizes (NPS), which are covered below.] Size, in 1 1/8 1/4 1/2 2 1/4 1/2 3 1/2 41/2 342 Size, mm 25 29 32 38 50 57 64 75 89 100 114 125 150 ASME BPVC.IX-2017 Volumes in cubic inches (in ) were converted to cubic millimeters (mm ) and volumes in cubic feet (ft3 ) were converted to cubic meters (m ) See examples in the following table: (i) Table continued Size, in Size, mm 12 18 20 24 36 40 54 60 72 1 1 200 300 450 500 600 900 000 350 500 800 Size or Length, ft Size or Length, m 200 1.5 60 SI Practice DN DN DN 10 DN 15 DN 20 DN 25 DN 32 DN 40 DN 50 DN 65 DN 80 DN 90 DN 100 DN 125 DN 150 DN 200 DN 250 DN 300 DN 350 DN 400 DN 450 U.S Customary Practice NPS 20 NPS 22 NPS 24 NPS 26 NPS 28 NPS 30 NPS 32 NPS 34 NPS 36 NPS 38 NPS 40 NPS 42 NPS 44 NPS 46 NPS 48 NPS 50 NPS 52 NPS 54 NPS 56 NPS 58 NPS 60 SI Practice DN 500 DN 550 DN 600 DN 650 DN 700 DN 750 DN 800 DN 850 DN 900 DN 950 DN 1000 DN 1050 DN 1100 DN 1150 DN 1200 DN 1250 DN 1300 DN 1350 DN 1400 DN 1450 DN 1500 Area (SI) 650 000 500 0.5 16 000 mm 100 000 mm3 160 000 mm3 0.14 m3 Pressure (SI) kPa 15 kPa 20 kPa 70 kPa 101 kPa 100 kPa 200 kPa 350 kPa 700 kPa MPa 1.5 MPa 1.7 MPa MPa 2.5 MPa MPa 3.5 MPa MPa MPa 10 MPa (k) Material properties that are expressed in psi or ksi (e.g., allowable stress, yield and tensile strength, elastic modulus) were generally converted to MPa to three significant figures See example in the following table: Areas in square inches (in ) were converted to square millimeters (mm ) and areas in square feet (ft2 ) were converted to square meters (m ) See examples in the following table: in in 10 in ft2 in in 10 in ft3 Pressure (U.S Customary) 0.5 psi psi psi 10 psi 14.7 psi 15 psi 30 psi 50 psi 100 psi 150 psi 200 psi 250 psi 300 psi 350 psi 400 psi 500 psi 600 psi 1,200 psi 1,500 psi (h ) Area (U.S Customary) Volume (SI) (j) Although the pressure should always be in MPa for calculations, there are cases where other units are used in the text For example, kPa is used for small pressures Also, rounding was to one significant figure (two at the most) in most cases See examples in the following table (Note that 14.7 psi converts to 101 kPa, while 15 psi converts to 100 kPa While this may seem at first glance to be an anomaly, it is consistent with the rounding philosophy.) (g) For nominal pipe sizes, the following relationships were used: U.S Customary Practice NPS 1/8 NPS 1/4 NPS 3/8 NPS 1/2 NPS 3/4 NPS NPS 1/4 NPS 1/2 NPS NPS 1/2 NPS NPS 1/2 NPS NPS NPS NPS NPS 10 NPS 12 NPS 14 NPS 16 NPS 18 Volume (U.S Customary) Strength (U.S Customary) Strength (SI) 95,000 psi 655 MPa (l) In most cases, temperatures (e.g., for PWHT) were rounded to the nearest 5°C Depending on the implied precision of the temperature, some were rounded to the nearest 1°C or 10°C or even 25°C Temperatures colder than 0°F (negative values) were generally rounded to mm mm2 mm2 m2 343 ASME BPVC.IX-2017 the nearest °C The examples in the table below were c r e a te d b y ro u n d i n g to th e n e a r e s t ° C , wi th o n e exception: G -300 Temperature, °F Temperature, °C 70 100 120 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 925 950 1,000 1,050 1,100 1,150 1,200 1,250 1,800 1,900 2,000 2,050 20 38 50 65 95 120 150 175 205 230 260 290 315 345 370 400 425 455 480 495 510 540 565 595 620 650 675 980 040 095 120 the SI value by the factor given to obtain the U.S Customary value In most cases it is appropriate to round the answer to three significant figures U.S Customary in ft in ft2 in SOFT CON VERSI ON FACTORS The following table of “ soft” conversion factors is provided for convenience Multiply the U.S Customary value by the factor given to obtain the SI value Similarly, divide 344 SI Factor Notes mm m mm 25.4 0.3048 645.16 ft3 U.S gal U.S gal psi m2 mm m3 m3 liters MPa (N/mm ) 0.09290304 16,387.064 0.02831685 0.003785412 3.785412 0.0068948 psi kPa 6.894757 psi ft‐ lb °F bar J °C 0.06894757 1.355818 /9 × (°F − 32) °F °C °R K lbm lbf in ‐ lb kg N N·mm 0.4535924 4.448222 112.98484 ft‐ lb N·m 1.3558181 1.0988434 Used exclusively in equations Used only in text and for nameplate Not for temperature difference For temperature differences only Absolute temperature Use exclusively in equations Use only in text Btu/hr W 0.2930711 lb/ft3 kg/m 16.018463 /9 /9 Use for boiler rating and heat transfer ASME BPVC.IX-2017 N ON M AN DATORY APPEN DI X H WAVEFORM CON TROLLED WELDI N G H -100 waveform control features of the equipment are not used, th e h e at i n p u t d e te rm i n a ti o n m e th o d s o f e i th e r QW-409.1(a), QW-409.1(b), or QW-409.1(c) are used When the welding equipment does not display instantaneous energy or power, an external meter with high frequency sampling capable of displaying instantaneous energy or power is typically used, or the welding equipment is upgraded or modified to display instantaneous energy or power Welding power sources or external meters typically display instantaneous energy as cumulative measurements of instantaneous energy, i.e., the sum of instantaneous energy measurements made during a time period such as trigger-on to trigger-off The units of measurement may be joules (J) Other conveniently obtained units of energy, such as calories or British thermal units (Btu), may be used with the appropriate conversion factors The other measurement that is needed to use the calculations given in QW-409.1(c)(1) is weld length Welding power sources or external meters typically display instantaneous power as average measurements, i.e., the average value of instantaneous power measurements made during a time period such as trigger-on to trigger-off The unit of measurement may be watts (W) One watt is equal to joule/second (J/s) Other conveniently obtained units of power such as horsepower (hp) or kilowatts (kW) may be used with the appropriate conversion factors Because power must be multiplied by time to obtain energy, the arc-on time needs to be recorded, and the distance traveled during that time needs to be m e a s u r e d ; wi th th e s e d a ta , th e c a l c u l a ti o n i n QW-409.1(c)(2) can be made Either of the equations in QW-409.1(c)(1) and QW-409.1(c)(2) may be used, depending on whether total instantaneous energy (IE) or average instantaneous power (IP) is displayed BACKG ROU N D Advances in microprocessor controls and welding power source technology have resulted in the ability to develop waveforms for welding that improve the control of droplet shape, penetration, bead shape and wetting Some welding characteristics that were previously controlled by the welder or welding operator are controlled by software or firmware internal to the power source It is recognized that the use of controlled waveforms in welding can result in improvements in productivity and quality The intention of this Code is to enable their use with both new and existing procedure qualifications The ASME Section IX heat input measurement methods in QW-409.1(a) and QW-409.1(b), were developed at a time when welding power source output was relatively constant The heat input of welds made using waveform controlled power sources is not accurately represented by QW-409.1(a) due to the rapidly-changing outputs, phase shifts, and synergic changes, but is correctly represented by QW-409.1(b) or QW-409.1(c) During waveform controlled welding, current and voltage and values observed on the equipment meters no longer are valid for heat input determination, and must be replaced by instantaneous energy (joules) or power (joules/second or watts) to correctly calculate heat input QW-409.1(c) more accurately reflects heat input changes when performing waveform controlled welding, but is also suitable for nonwaveform controlled (conventional) welding ð 17Þ H -2 00 WAVEFORM CON TROLLED WELDI N G AN D H EAT I N PU T DETERM I N ATI ON Power sources that support rapidly pulsing processes (e.g., GMAW-P) are the most common waveform controlled power sources Power sources that are marketed as synergic, programmable, or microprocessor controlled are generally capable of waveform controlled welding In these cases, heat input is calculated by the methods outlined in either QW-409.1(b) or QW-409.1(c) when perfo rmi ng p ro cedure quali ficatio n o r to de termi ne compliance with a qualified procedure If any doubt exists on whether waveform controlled welding is being performed, the welding equipment manufacturer should be consulted It is recognized that waveform controls may not be active for all of the welding processes or equipment settings for a particular power source When the H -300 N EW PROCEDU RES QU ALI FI CATI ON S When qualifying a new procedure using waveform controlled welding, the instantaneous energy or power range is used in lieu of the current (amperage) and voltage ranges to determine the heat input per QW-409.1(c) When qualifying a new procedure using nonwaveform controlled welding, either the current and voltage is recorded and heat input determined using the methods of QW-409.1(a) or QW-409.1(b), as previously required, or the instantaneous energy or power is recorded and the heat input determined by the method in QW-409.1(c) 345 ASME BPVC.IX-2017 H - 400 (1 ) the heat input of the production weld is determined using QW-409.1(a) or QW-409.1(c) (2) the heat input of the production weld is compared to the heat input range of the welding procedure specification EXI STI N G QU ALI FI ED PROCEDU RES Welding procedures previously qualified using nonwaveform controlled welding and heat input determined by QW-409.1(a) may continue to be used for waveform controlled welding, provided they are amended to require heat input determination for production welds using the methods of QW-409.1(c) Welding procedures previously qualified using nonwaveform controlled welding and heat input determined by QW-409.1(b) continue to be applicable for waveform controlled welding without changes to the heat input determination method (a) To determine if the heat input of a waveform controlled production weld meets the heat input range of a welding procedure qualified with nonwaveform contro l l e d we l d i n g wi th h e a t i n p u t d e te rm i n e d u s i n g QW-409.1(a) (1 ) the heat input of the production weld is determined us ing ins tantaneo us p ower o r energy per the method of QW-409.1(c) (2) the heat input of the production weld is compared to the heat input range of the welding procedure specification (b) to determine if the heat input of a nonwaveform controlled production weld meets the heat input range of a welding procedure qualified with waveform contro l l e d we l d i n g wi th h e a t i n p u t d e te rm i n e d u s i n g QW-409.1(c) H -5 00 PERFORM AN CE QU ALI FI CATI ON S Separate performance qualifications are not required for waveform controlled welding However, it is recognized that a welder or welding operator may require instruction on proper use of the equipment The extent of such instruction is best determined by the organization, as needed to understand how to properly set up and adj ust the equipment for welding and conformance to the WPS requirements Power sources capable of waveform controlled welding often have additional operator settings that are typically not used during nonwaveform controlled welding It is important for a welder to be familiar with other equipment parameters that can influence the overall welding performance These can include the mode, arc control, program, cable length, wire feed speed, trim, and other machine and software settings 346 ASME BPVC.IX-2017 M AN DATORY APPEN DI X J G U I DELI N E FOR REQU ESTI N G P- N U M BER ASSI G N M EN TS FOR BASE M ETALS N OT LI STED I N TABLE QW/QB- 422 J -100 (d) welding or brazing data, such as comparab le P-Numbers; published welding or brazing data; welding procedure specifications and procedure qualification data; or brazing procedure specifications and procedure qualification data (e) properties of welded or brazed base metal joints, if less than the minimum specified in the applicable specification I N TRODU CTI ON This Mandatory Appendix provides requirements to Code users for submitting requests for P-Number assignments to base metals not listed in Table QW/QB-422 Such requests shall be limited to base metals that are listed in ASME Code Section II, Parts A or B; ASTM; or other recognized national or international specifications QW-42 should be referenced before requesting a P-Number, to see if the base metal can be considered a P-Number under existing rules For new materials, users shall reference the Submittal of Technical Inquiries to the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee in this Section and the Guideline on the Approval of New Materials, under ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code in Section II, Part D P-Number assignment does not constitute approval of a base metal for ASME Code construction The applicable Construction Code shall be consulted for base metals that are acceptable for use J -200 J -300 SU BM I TTALS Submittals to and responses from the Committee shall meet the following: (a) Su b m itta l Requests for P-Number assignments shall be in English and preferably in the type-written form However, legible handwritten requests will also be considered They shall include the name, address, telephone number, fax number, and e-mail address, if available, of the requester and be mailed to The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Attn: Secretary, BPV IX C o m m i tte e , T wo P ark Ave n ue , N e w Yo rk, N Y 10016 – 5990 As an alternative, requests may be submitted via e-mail to secretaryBPV@asme.org (b) Respon se The Secretary of the ASME BPV IX Committee shall acknowledge receipt of each properly prepared request and shall provide written response to the requester upon completion of the requested action by the Code Committee REQU EST FORM AT A request for a P-Number shall include the following: (a) product application or use (b) the material specification, grade, class, and type as applicable (c) the mechanical properties and chemical analysis requirements 347 ASME BPVC.IX-2017 N ON M AN DATORY APPEN DI X K G U I DAN CE ON I N VOKI N G SECTI ON I X REQU I REM EN TS I N OTH ER CODES, STAN DARDS, SPECI FI CATI ON S, AN D CON TRACT DOCU M EN TS K-100 invoke Section IX, these requirements take precedence over those of Section IX, and the organization is required to comply with them Specifications or contract documents that are required to follow Section IX may add additional requirements, and th e o r g a n i z a ti o n s h a l l c o m p l y w i th b o th s e ts o f requirements When the reference to Section IX is not the result of mandatory requirements, such as laws, but is a matter of choice, the specification or contract document may impose additional or different requirements than those in Section IX, and the organization shall comply with them Material specifications are an example of this Most standards that refer to Section IX consider the requirements of Section IX to be adequate to cover the basic needs for the content of welding, brazing, and fusing procedures and for qualification of those procedures, as well as for the qualification of the personnel who use them However, for some applications, additional information may be required from the invoking party, as noted in K-300 BACKG ROU N D AN D PU RPOSE ASME Section IX provides rules for the qualification of welding, brazing, and fusing personnel and the procedures that they follow in welding, brazing and fusing While the historical application of Section IX has been in service to the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code and the ASME B31 Codes for Pressure Piping, Section IX is invoked by many other standards without the benefit of members of the Section IX Committee participating in those committees In addition, Section IX is invoked in specifications and related contract documents The purpose of this Nonmandatory Appendix is to provide guidance on invoking Section IX in other documents in a clear, concise, and accurate manner K-2 00 SCOPE OF SECTI ON I X AN D WH AT REFEREN CI N G DOCU M EN TS M U ST ADDRESS Section IX addresses only the mandatory content of welding, brazing, and fusing procedures; the qualification of those procedures; and the qualification of personnel who follow those procedures in the manufacture, fabrication, assembly, and installation of welded, brazed, and fused products Accordingly, to ensure construction of suitable products, the requirements for the service conditions, materials used, the design of j oints, preheating, postweld heat treatment (PWHT) , metallurgical effects of welding, acceptance criteria for weld quality, and related examinations must be addressed in the Codes, standards, specifications, or contract documents that invoke Section IX K-300 RECOM M EN DED WORDI N G G EN ERAL — When invoking Section I X in general, the following wording is recommended: “ Welding, brazing, and fusing shall be performed using procedures and personnel qualified in accordance with the requirements of ASME BPVC Section IX.” When the above is specified, qualification for the following are automatically included: (a) all welding processes that are listed in QW-250 for groove and fillet welding (b) use of standard welding procedures specifications (SWPSs) listed in Mandatory Appendix E (c) ap p l icatio n o f hard- faci ng weld metal o verlay (hardness values shall be a matter of agreement between the supplier and the purchaser) (d) application of corrosion-resistant weld metal overlay (chemical composition of the weld overlay surface shall be a matter of agreement between the supplier and the purchaser) (e) laser beam lap joints Further, construction codes may specify different requirements than those specified by Section IX; for example, ASM E Section I I I has requirements fo r PWH T o f procedure qualification test coupons that are more restrictive than those of Section IX, and ASME B31.1 allows organizations to use welding procedure specifications (WPSs) qualified by a technically competent group or agency, whereas Section IX requires each organization to qualify WPSs themselves When such requirements are specified in the referencing construction Codes that 348 ASME BPVC.IX-2017 (f) joining of composite (clad) materials (g) attachment of applied linings K- 301 — “ Welding procedures, welders, and welding operators shall be qualified using mock-ups in accordance with Section IX.” Note that if qualification using mock-ups is not specified but qualification to Section IX is, tube-to-tubesheet welding procedures and personnel may also be qualified following the standard groove welding rules RECOM M EN DED WO RDI N G FOR TOU G H N ESS QU ALI FI ED APPLI CATI ON S When invoking Section IX and qualification of the WPS for toughness applications is required, the follo wing wording is recommended: “ Welding procedures shall be qualified for toughness, and the supplementary essential variables of Section IX shall apply.” T h e re fe re n c i n g c o n s tru c ti o n co d e s h a l l a l s o b e specified K- 302 RECOM M EN DED WORDI N G TO-TU BESH EET WELDI N G — K- 303 RECO M M EN DED WORDI N G BEAD WELDI N G — TEM PER When invoking Section IX for qualification of temper b ead wel di ng p ro cedure s , the fo ll o wi ng wo rdi ng is recommended: “ Temper bead welding procedures shall be prepared and qualified in accordance with Section IX.” TU BE- When invoking Section IX for qualification of tube-totubesheet welding procedures and personnel, and qualification by use of mock-ups is desired, the following wording is recommended: 349 ASME BPVC.IX-2017 N ON M AN DATORY APPEN DI X L WELDERS AN D WELDI N G OPERATORS QU ALI FI ED U N DER I SO 96 06-1: 2012 AN D I SO 14732- 2013 L-100 be the same as for a test record prepared according to ISO 9606-1 or ISO 14732, the ranges qualified will be different for a record prepared according to Section IX Care should be taken to select material used for the test coupon from those that are assigned a P-Number under QW-42 and filler metals that are assigned F-Numbers in accordance with QW-432 in order to ensure full interchangeability with other materials that are as signed P-Numbers or F-Numbers Since the forms may be in any format as long as the actual values, ranges qualified, and test results are recorded, a record showing the ranges qualified under both ISO and ASME may be on separate forms or they may be on one form at the discretion of the organization I N TRODU CTI ON When a welder or a welding operator welds a test coupon or makes a production weld, that person does not weld one way when the applicable standard is ASM E and another way when the applicable standard is AWS, EN, JIS, or ISO Recognizing this, recent revisions by ISO TC44, to ISO 9606-1, and ISO 14732 bring them much closer to the requirements of Section IX This Appendix discus s es what is neces s ary fo r an o rganizatio n that is testing welders or welding operators under the above ISO standards to also certify that those welders and welding operators are qualified to Section IX This Appendix is based on the requirements of ISO 9606-1:2012 and ISO 14732:2013 L-2 00 L-400 ADM I N I STRATI VE REQU I REM EN TS When evaluating a test coupon, the following should be noted by the organization: (a) The requirements for test coupons that have been mechanically tested according to the requirements of ISO 9606-1 or ISO 14732 and found acceptable also satisfy the requirements of Section IX (b) Radiographic and ultrasonic examination technique and personnel requirements satisfying the requirements of ISO 9606-1 or ISO 14732 satisfy the requirements of Section IX (c) Radiographic and ultrasonic examination acceptance criteria satisfying the requirements of ISO 9606-1 or ISO 473 also satisfy the requirements of Section IX, except that indications characterized as linear slag may not exceed the thickness of the test coupon divided by (i.e., the flaw length may not exceed t /3); this is more restrictive than ISO 581 7, quality level B, which allows elongated slag inclusions to be equal in length to the thickness of the test coupon (d) When using the ultrasonic test method, the test coupon must be 1/4 in (6 mm) thick or thicker (e) Test coupons tested by fracture test according to ISO 9017 not satisfy the requirements of Section IX The following nontechnical requirements must be met: (a) When a welder or welding operator is tested, the WPS followed during the test must be a WPS qualified to Section IX (b) Welding of the test coupon must be done under the full supervision and control of the organization that will employ that welder or welding operator; this may not be delegated to another organization (c) Testing of test coupon may be performed by others, but the qualifying organization is responsible for ensuring that work performed by others is in compliance with the requirements of Section IX (d) The completed qualification record must be certified by signature or other means described in the organization ’ s quality control system by the organization that supervised the welder or welding operator during welding of the test coupon L-300 TESTI N G REQU I REM EN TS TECH N I CAL REQU I REM EN TS The qualification record must record the essential variables for the welding process and list the ranges qualified While the “ actual values ” recorded on the test record will 350 ð 17Þ 201 ASME Bo i l e r a n d P r e s s u r e Ve s s e l C o d e AN I NT E RN AT I O NAL C O DE Th e AS ME Boil er a n d P ressu re Vessel C od e ( B P VC ) is “ An I n tern a tion a l H istoric Mec h a n ica l En g in eerin g La n d m a rk, ” wid el y recog n ized a s a m od el for cod es a n d sta n d a rd s worl d wid e I ts d evel opm en t process rem a in s open a n d tra n spa ren t th rou g h ou t, yiel d in g “ l ivin g d ocu m en ts” th a t h a ve im proved pu bl ic sa fety a n d fa cil ita ted tra d e a cross g l oba l m a rkets a n d ju risd iction s for a cen tu ry AS ME a l so provid es BP VC u sers with in teg ted su ites of rel a ted offerin g s: • referen c ed sta n d a rd s • rel a ted sta n d a rd s a n d g u id el in es • fo rm ity a ssessm en t prog m s • tra in in g a n d d evel opm en t c ou rses • AS ME P ress books You gain unrivaled insight direct from the BPVC source, along with the professional quality and real-world solutions you have come to expect from ASME For a d d ition a l in form a tion a n d to ord er: P h on e: 800 TH E AS ME ( 800 843 2763) Em a il : cu stom erca re@ a sm e org Website: g o a sm e org /bpvc1 ... variables requires requalification of the procedure specification In addition to covering various processes, there are also rules for procedure qualification of corrosion-resistant weld metal... Qualification in accordance with Section IX is not a guarantee that procedures and performance qualifications will be acceptable to a particular construction code Section IX does not contain rules... Pressure Vessel Code relates to the qualification of welders, welding operators, brazers, brazing operators, and fusing operators, and the procedures employed in welding, brazing, or plastic fusing