Organometallics catalysis vol 50

289 94 0
Organometallics  catalysis vol 50

Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)

Tài liệu hạn chế xem trước, để xem đầy đủ mời bạn chọn Tải xuống

Thông tin tài liệu

... orthogonal component velocity images acquired at increasing Re of (a) 1 250, (b) 1700, (c) 2500 , (d) 3300, (e) 4200, and (f) 500 0 are shown The color scale identifies the magnitude of the z-velocity,... can be successfully exploited to follow the evolution of redox reactions with time The aim of this review is to introduce the language of MRI to the catalysis community and to describe the early... future role of MRI in catalysis research II] MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF CATALYSTS II Introduction to MRI Techniques There are two main families of MRI methods used in catalysis: microimaging

Ngày đăng: 10/07/2018, 11:14

Mục lục

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Catalysts and Catalytic Processes

    • Introduction

    • Introduction to MRI Techniques

      • Principles of MR Measurements

        • Obtaining an Image

        • Nuclear Spin Relaxation Times

        • The k-Space Raster

      • Measurement of Diffusion, Dispersion, and Flow

        • Phase-Encoding Methods

        • Time-of-Flight Methods

        • Rapid Image Acquisition

      • Contrast Mechanisms

        • Obtaining Chemical Information

        • Relaxation and Transport Contrast

      • Temperature

      • Recent Developments

        • Gas-Phase MR

        • Fast Data Acquisition

    • Imaging Individual Catalyst Pellets

      • Structure-Transport Relationships

      • Catalyst Preparation

      • Liquid Redistribution During Reaction

      • Coke Deposition

    • Hydrodynamics in Reactors

      • Single-Phase Flow

        • High Spatial Resolution of Fluid Flow in Fixed-Bed Reactors

        • Imaging Unsteady-State Flows in Fixed-Bed Reactors

      • Two-Phase Flow in Fixed-Bed Reactors

        • Holdup and Wetting in Trickle Flow

        • The Trickle Flow to Pulse Flow Transition

      • Two-Phase Flow in Ceramic Monoliths

      • Fluidized Beds

    • Imaging of Reactions In Situ

      • Single-Phase Reactions in Fixed Beds

        • An Esterification Reaction

        • Probing Selectivity with 13C Imaging

      • Two-Phase Flow and Reaction in Fixed Beds

    • Future Directions

    • Acknowledgment

    • References

  • 7.pdf

    • Atomic-Scale Imaging of Supported Metal Nanocluster Catalysts in the Working State

      • Introduction

      • Transmission Electron Microscopy (Limitations of Conventional TEM in the Characterization of Catalysts)

      • Approaches to Characterization of Catalysts in Reactive Atmospheres

        • Differentially Pumped TEM Instruments

        • Thin-Window Cells

      • Examples of HRTEM Characterization of Catalysts in Reactive Atmospheres

        • The Complex Nanostructure of an Ammonia Synthesis Catalyst

        • Gas-Induced Shape Changes in Cu/ZnO-Containing Methanol Synthesis Catalysts

        • Atomic-scale Monitoring of Carbon Nanofiber Growth in Steam Reforming Catalysts

      • Outlook

      • Acknowledgments

      • References

  • 6.pdf

    • Model Catalyst Surfaces Investigated by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy

      • Introduction

      • Scanning Tunneling Microscopy

        • STM Design Considerations

        • Theory of the STM

          • Tersoff-Hamann STM Theory

          • Simulation of STM Images

      • New Au/Ni Surface Alloy Catalyst for Steam Reforming

      • Designing New Nickel Catalysts by Step Blocking

      • Investigations of an HDS Model Catalyst with STM

        • Hydrotreating Catalyst Structure and Reactivity

        • HDS Model Catalyst

          • HDS Model Catalyst: MoS2 Nanoclusters Supported on Au (111)

          • Preparation of MoS2 Nanoclusters

        • Atomic-Scale Structure of MoS2 Nanoclusters

          • Fundamental Characterization

          • Morphology and Edge Structure

        • The Chemistry of Single-Layer MoS2 Nanoclusters

          • Thiophene on Fully Sulfided MoS2 Nanoclusters

          • Reactions of Hydrogen-Activated MoS2 Nanoclusters

          • Reaction of Thiophene on Hydrogen-Activated MoS2 Nanoclusters

          • Energetics and Reaction Pathways: Metallic Edge States as Active Sites

          • Atomic-Scale Structure of the Cobalt-Promoted Catalyst

          • Metallic Brim States as Active Sites in Hydrotreating Catalysts

      • Toward more Realistic Model Systems and Imaging of Surfaces during Reaction

        • Time-Resolved STM Investigations

        • Imaging of Surfaces during Reaction

        • Atomic Force Microscopy of Insulating Materials

      • Synopsis and Perspective

      • Acknowledgments

      • References

  • 5.pdf

    • Characterization of Solid Catalysts in the Functioning State by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

      • Introduction

      • Principles of Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy

        • Solid-State Interactions of Nuclear Spins

        • Solid-State NMR Techniques

        • Techniques for Signal Enhancement and Discrimination in Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy

        • Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy at Elevated Temperatures

          • Effect of Temperature on Signal-to-Noise Ratio

          • Temperature Calibration

      • Experimental Techniques for MAS NMR Spectroscopy of Working Catalysts

        • Batch Conditions

        • Flow Conditions

        • Limitations and Advantages of Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy for Investigations of Working Catalysts

          • General Aspects

          • Comparison of Batch and Flow Techniques

      • Study of Transition States of Acid-Catalyzed Reactions

        • Indirect Experimental Evidence of Reactive Carbenium Ions

          • Formation of Surface Alkoxy Species with Carbenium-Ion-Like Properties

          • Evidence for the Existence of Carbenium Ions by Trapping Experiments

          • Isotope Scrambling

          • Persistent Carbenium Ions in Zeolites Characterized by NMR Spectroscopy

        • Keto-Enol Isomerization on Acidic Zeolite HZSM-5 Evidenced by H/D Exchange

      • Activation of Saturated Hydrocarbons on Solid Catalysts

        • Catalytic Transformation of Methane into Aromatics Under Non-Oxidative Conditions

        • Activation and Aromatization of Propane on Solid Acid Catalysts

      • Photocatalytic Reactions on Solid Catalysts

        • Photocatalytic Conversion of Chlorine-Containing Organic Compounds on Titanium Oxide

        • Photocatalytic Conversion of Oxygenates on Titanium Oxide

      • Investigations of Chemical Behavior and Local Structure of Surface Sites in Zeolites and Microporous Silicoaluminophosphates

        • Chemical Behavior and Local Structure of Surface Sites in Zeolites

        • Chemical Behavior and Local Structure of Surface Sites in Microporous Silicoaluminophosphates

      • Synthesis of MTBE on Acidic Zeolites

        • Reversible Conversion of MTBE on Boron-Modified Pentasil under Batch Conditions

        • MTBE Synthesis on Zeolite H-Beta Under CF Conditions

      • Alkylation of Aromatic Compounds on Acidic and Basic Zeolites

        • Alkylation of Toluene

        • Alkylation of Aniline

          • Alkylation of Aniline on Basic Zeolite CsOH/Cs,NaY

          • Alkylation of Aniline on Acidic Zeolite HY

        • Synthesis and Immobilization of Quarternary Ammonium Ions in Zeolites

      • MTHC Conversion on Acidic Zeolites

        • Reactivity of Surface Methoxy Species

          • Formation of Surface Methoxy Species during the Conversion of Methanol to DME on Acidic Zeolites

          • Preparation of Methoxy Species on Acidic Zeolites by the SF Technique

          • Role of Surface Methoxy Species in the Formation of DME

          • Formation of Higher Hydrocarbons by Surface Methoxy Species

        • Investigation of the MTO Process Under Steady-State Conditions

          • Characterization of the Hydrocarbon Pool

          • Simultaneous Characterization of the Formation of Hydrocarbon Pool Compounds on Acidic Zeolites by MAS NMR-UV/Vis Spectroscopy

      • Conclusions and Outlook

      • Acknowledgments

      • References

  • 4.pdf

    • Attenuated Total Reflection Infrared Spectroscopy of Solid Catalysts Functioning in the Presence of Liquid-Phase Reactants

      • Introduction

      • Fundamentals of ATR Spectroscopy

        • Evanescent Field, Penetration Depth, and Effective Thickness

        • Electric Field Components in Bulk Rare (Optically Thin) Medium

        • Simulation of Spectra of Stratified Media

      • ATR Spectroscopy for In situ Investigations in Catalysis

        • Thin Metal Films

        • Powder Catalysts

      • Cell Design

        • On-Line Process Control and Reaction Monitoring

        • Flow-Through Cell

        • High-Pressure View Cell

      • Potential and Limitations

      • Specialized Techniques

        • Modulation Excitation Spectroscopy

        • Time-Resolved Spectroscopy

        • Single-Beam Signal Reference

      • Combination with Other Techniques

      • Selected Applications

        • Elucidation of Adsorption Mode and Interaction of Co-adsorbed Species

        • Investigation of Phase Behavior in Multiphase Heterogeneous Catalytic Reaction

        • Investigation of Complex Reaction Network Occurring at Catalytic Solid-Liquid Interface

        • Catalyst Deactivation

      • Other Methods for IR Spectroscopy of Catalytic Solid-Liquid Interfaces

      • Conclusions

      • Acknowledgments

      • References

  • 2.pdf

    • Contributors

  • 1.pdf

    • Preface

Tài liệu cùng người dùng

  • Đang cập nhật ...

Tài liệu liên quan