Ngữ pháp tiếng Anh (tập 1) Tài liệu dài (khoảng 400 trang) nên chúng tơi xin trích dẫn phần nhỏ nội dung tài liệu Sử dụng đánh máy để có đầy đủ nội dung Nội dung bám sát chƣơng trình luyện thi THPTQG S Phân loại kiến thức từ nhận biết tới vận dụng cao LỜI NÓI ĐẦU Các em thân mến! Từ năm 2017, theo tinh thần dổi mới, đề thi tiếng Anh trở dạng trắc nghiệm nhƣ năm trƣớc nhƣng với số lƣợng câu hỏi (50 câu hỏi) Nội dung đề thi có xuất khơng câu hỏi nằm chƣơng trình SGK, tăng cƣờng độ phân hóa có câu hỏi mở Phần kiểm tra kiến thức dùng để xét tốt nghiệp phần nâng cao để sàng lọc thí sinh tuyển sinh vào trƣờng đại học, cao đẳng Đe thi đảm bảo bốn mức độ: nhận biết, thông hiểu, vận dụng, vận dụng cao Nhằm giúp em chuẩn bị kiến thức tốt cho kỳ thi THPTQG, tác giã xây dụng khóa học trục tuyến website Moon.vn (PRO-S) bao gồm chủ điểm đặc trƣng nhƣ: Anh văn 12, ngữ pháp bản, ngữ âm, rèn kỹ đọc hiểu, điền từ, chuyên đề từ gần nghĩa trái nghĩa hay tìm lỗi sai Mỗi đơn vị giảng khóa học gồm: video giảng, tập luyện tập thi Online Cuốn sách bám sát theo khóa học NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH thuộc PRO-S Riêng phần ngữ pháp gồm tồn chƣơng trình PRO-S gồm cuốn: - Tập 1: Ngữ pháp tiếng Anh (Tập 1) - Tập 2: Ngữ pháp tiếng Anh (Tập 2) - Tập 3: Chuyên đề đọc hiểu - Tập 4: Chuyên đề ngữ âm, từ đồng nghĩa trái nghĩa tìm lỗi sai Sách PRO-S tiết kiệm thời gian chuẩn bị cho buổi học em, tránh việc thất thoát tài liệu in rời nhiều tệp tin nhỏ giúp em dễ dàng theo dõi tiến độ học tập Quan trọng hơn, em mang sách theo lúc, nơi Ngƣời ta nói rằng: chất cùa thành công việc học ngoại ngữ chỉnh hội đắm chìm ngơn ngữ Hàng năm, tác giả ln cập nhật làm giáo trình, tài liệu, giảng Và chắn rằng, sách PRO-S với đặc điểm ƣu việt giúp em học tập dễ dàng tiến thẳng tới đích cách nhanh chóng Hy vọng em cảm nhận đƣợc tâm huyết tác giả giảng khóa học Chúc em thành cơng! MỤC LỤC CHUYÊN ĐỀ 1: CẤU TẠO TỪ VÀ TỪ LOẠI CHUYÊN ĐỀ 2: CÁC TỪ LOẠI CƠ BẢN TRONG TIẾNG ANH 29 BÀI 1: DANH TỪ 29 BÀI 2: TÍNH TỪ 51 BÀI 3: TRẠNG TỪ 84 BÀI 4: CẤP SO SÁNH CỦA TÍNH TỪ VÀ TRẠNG TỪ 115 BÀI 5: ĐẠI TỪ 123 BÀI 6: MẠO TỪ 148 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 3: THÌ CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ 176 BÀI 2: THÌ HIỆN TẠI ĐỐN (SIMPLE PRESENT) 180 BÀI 3: THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐON (SIMPLE PAST) & QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN (PAST CONTINUOUS) 184 BÀI 4: THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH 188 BÀI 5: THÌ HỆN TẠI HỒN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN 191 BÀI 6: THÌ Q KHỨ HỒN THÀNH & Q KHỨ HỒN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN 193 BÀI 7: THÌ TƢƠNG LAI ĐƠN 196 BÀI 8: THÌ TƢƠNG LAI TIẾP DIỄN, TƢƠNG LA HOÀN THÀNH & TƢƠNG LAI HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN 199 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 4: CÁC VẤN ĐỀ VỀ ĐỘNG TỪ 240 BÀI 1: PHÂN TỪ 240 BÀI 2: CÁCH DÙNG BE-HAVE-DO 249 BÀI 3: CÁC LOẠI ĐỘNG TỪ 259 BÀI 4: ĐỘNG TỪ KHUYẾT THIẾU 270 BÀI 5: ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN MẪU 283 BÀI 6: DANH ĐỘNG TỪ 293 BÀI 7: CÁC CẤU TRÚC VỚI ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN MẪU VÀ DANH ĐỘNG TỪ 303 BÀI 8: SỰ HÒA HỢP GIỮA CHỦ NGỮ VÀ ĐỘNG TỪ … 312 323 PHỤ LỤC CHUYÊN ĐỀ 1: CẤU TẠO TỪ YÀ TỪ LOẠI A-LÝ THUYẾT I CÁCH NHẬN BIÉT THEO ĐI CỦA DANH TỪ, ĐỘNG TỪ, TÍNH TỪ VÀ TRẠNG TỪ TRONG TIẾNG ANH Noun endings Noun Endings Examples - ism criticism, heroism, patriotism - nee importance, significance, dependence, resistance - ness bitterness, darkness, hardness - ion pollution, suggestion, action - ment accomplishment, commencement, enhancement, excitement purity, authority, majority, superiority, humidity, cruelty, honesty, plenty, 6- —(i)ty safety - age baggage, carriage, damage, language, luggage, marriage, passage - ship citizenship, fellowship, scholarship, friendship, hardship 9.-th bath, birth, death, growth, health, length, strength, truth, depth, breadth, 10 - dom wealth freedom, kingdom, wisdom 11 - hood childhood, brotherhood, neighborhood, likelihood 12.- ure closure, legislature, nature, failure, pleasure 13 - cy bankruptcy, democracy, accuracy, expectancy, efficiency 14 —(t)ry rivalry, ancestry, carpentry, machinery, scenery, bravery 15 - logy archaeology, geology, sociology, zoology 16 - graphy bibliography, biography 17 - or actor, creator, doctor, tailor, visitor, bachelor 18 - er northerner, villager, airliner, sorcerer 19 - ee employee, payee, absentee, refugee 20 - ist economist, dentist, pianist, optimist, perfectionist 21 - ician magician, physician, musician, electrician, beautician 22 - ant assistant, accountant, consultant, contestant, inhabitant Adjective endings Adj endings Examples - ent independent, sufficient, absent, ancient, apparent, ardent - ant arrogant, expectant, important, significant, abundant, ignorant, brilliant - ful beautiful, graceful, powerful, grateful, forgetful, doubtful - less doubtless, fearless, powerless, countless, careless, helpless - ic civic, classic, historic, artistic, economic - ive authoritative, demonstrative, passive, comparative, possessive, native - ous dangerous, glorious, murderous, viscous, ferocious, hilarious - able charitable, separable, bearable, reliable, comfortable, suitable - ible audible, edible, horrible, terrible 10 - al central, general, oral, tropical, economical 11 - ory mandatory, compulsory, predatory, satisfactory 12 - ary arbitrary, budgetary, contrary, primary, temporary, necessary 13 -y angry, happy, icy, messy, milky, tidy, chilly, slippery, rainy 14.-ly friendly, lovely, lively, daily, manly, beastly, cowardly, queenly, rascally 15 - ate temperate, accurate, considerate, immediate, literate 16 - ish foolish, childish, bookish, feverish, reddish Verb endings Verb endings - en/en- Examples listen, happen, strengthen, lengthen, shorten, soften, widen, entrust, enslave, - ate enlarge, encourage, enable, enrich assassinate, associate, fascinate, separate, vaccinate, evacuate - ize idolize, apologize, sympathize, authorize, fertilize - ify satisfy, solidify, horrify Adverb endings Adverb endings Examples - l y firstly, fully, greatly, happily, hourly - wise otherwise, clockwise - ward backward, inward, onward, eastward ĨL VỊ TRÍ CỦA TỪ LOẠI TRONG CÂU Noun Vị trí Sau tính từ (adj + N) Ví dụ These are interesting books He is a student Sau - mạo từ: a/an/the - từ định: this, that, these, those, every, - từ số luợng: many, some, few, several, - tính từ sở hữu: my, his, her, your, their, its, These flowers are beautiful She needs some water She buvs books Sau ngoại động từ (V cần O) Sau giới từ (prep + N) Trước V chia (N làm chủ từ) Sau enough (enough + N) She meets a lot of people He talked about the storv yesterday He is interested in music The man has just arrived don’t have enough money to buy that house Adjective VỊ trí Ví dụ Trước N (Adj + N) This is an interesting book Sau TO BE I am tired Sau linking verbs: become, get, look, feel, taste, smell, seem It becomes hot She feels sad Sau trạng từ (adv + adj): extremely (cực kỳ), completely (hoàn toàn), It is extremely cold I’m terribly sorrv really (thực sự), terribly, very, quite, rather, She is verv beautiful Sau keep/make The news made me hannv Sau too (be + too + adj) That house is too small Trước enough (be + adj + enough) The house isn’t large enough Trong cấu trúc: be + so + adj + that She was so anerv that she can’t sneak A, an, the, this, that, his, her, their, my, + My new car is blue (Adj) + Noun Trong câu cảm thán: - How + adj + s + V! - What + (a/an) + adj + N! How beautiful the airl is! What an interesting film! Adverbs VỊ trí Ví dụ Sau V thường He drove carefully Trước Adj I meet an extremely handsome man Giữa cụm V She has already finished the iob Đầu câu hoăc trước dẩu phẩy Unfortunately I couldn’t come the nartv Sau too V + too + adv Thev walked too slowlv to catch the bus Trong cấu trúc V + so + adv + that Jack drove so fast that he caused an accident Trước enough V + adv + enough You should write clearlv enough for everybody to read Ví dụ: As an , Mr Pike is very worried about the increasing of juvenile delinquency A educate B educator c education D educative He is not really friendly and makes no attempt to be _ A society Giải thích chi tiết: B socialize c social D sociable Sau mạo từ an thiếu danh từ Nhìn đáp án: A động từ (đuôi ate) B danh từ ngƣời (đuôi or) c Danh từ chi vật (đi -tion) D tính từ (đi -tive) -> lựa chọn B c Theo nghĩa, câu Mr Pike lựa chọn B: danh từ ngƣời Đáp án: B educator Dịch: Là nhà giáo dục, ơng Pike lo lắng tình trạng gia tăng tội phạm vị thành niên Sau “to be” thể tính chất tính từ Nhìn đáp án: A danh từ (đi -ty), B động từ (đi -ize), c.tính từ (đi cial), D tính từ (đi -able) lựa chọn c D Theo nghĩa: c.thuộc xã hội, D có tính chất hòa đơng Câu tính chất “anh ấy” phải “hòa đồng” —» chọn D Đáp án: D sociable Dịch: Anh ta không thực thân thiện khơng nỗ lực để hòa đồng với người III Phương pháp học cấu tạo từ tiếng Anh No 1 Word Meaning Example responsible (Adj) Chịu trách nhiệm - A drunk man cannot be held fully + for sth responsible + to sb/sth for his actions irresponsible (Adj) Vô trách nhiệm - Tom is an irresponsible person responsibility (N) Sự trách nhiệm - Women bear children and take responsibility for childcare irresponsibility (N) Sự vô trách nhiệm special (Adj) specially (Adv) Đặc biệt Đặc biệt - They thought that the explosion was an act of irresponsibility - She’s a very special person - She has a wheelchair that was specially made for her L speciality (N) Nét đặc trƣng, chuyên môn - Unkind remarks are one of his specialities Chuyên gia specialist (N-p) - My doctor has referred me to a specialist for a second opinion on the results of my blood test specialize (V) + in Chuyên Sự - That restaurant specializes ỉn seafood specialization (N) chun mơn hóa - The lawyer said that he was unable to help US because our case fell outside his specialization Jane never eats breakfast eat (V) Ăn edible (Adj/N) Có thể ăn đƣợc Only the leaves of the plant are edible (không độc)/Thức ăn (số nhiều) Ăn đƣợc eatable (Adj) eater Ngƣời ăn (N-p) person (N) Số nhiều: People The book describes his sporting career and personally (Adv) personalize (V) Tán thành, chấp great success I don't want to personalize the issue He doesn't approve of smoking thuận Sự tán thành, gives little information about his personal life Personally, I think the show is going to be a Cá nhân hóa approval (N) I’m still a big eater Con ngƣời Cá nhân, Channel? riêng tƣ Đích thân approve (V) + of not excellent Who was the first person to swim the English personal (Adj) Food that is eatable is good enough to eat, but He showed his approval by smiling broadly chấp thuận disapprove (V) + Phản đối of disapproval (N) Sự không tán thành, Sự phản đối compare (V) + with/to comparison (N) I strongly disapprove of underage drinking Although they said nothing, she could sense their disapproval of her suggestion So sánh Sự so sánh This road is quite busy compared to ours They made a comparison of different countries' eating habits comparable (Adj) Có thể so sánh comparative (Adj) So sánh, tuơng đối comparatively "Fatter" is the comparative of "fat" Tuơng đối (Adv) in comparison with The two experiences aren't comparable So sánh với Inflation was comparatively low In comparison with the French, the British eat far less fish frequent (Adj) Thuờng xuyên The most frequent cause of death is heart disease frequency (N) Tính thuờng xuyên Complaints about the frequency of buses rose in the last year infrequent (Adj) Không thuờn xuyên, His letters became infrequent, then stopped xảy infrequency (N) completely Sự không thuờng xuyên, She did notice and comment on the history (N) historic (Adj) xảy Lịch sử Có tính chất lịch sử infrequency of our visits I studied modem European history at college How many historic buildings are damaged by fire each year? historical (Adj) Thuộc lịch sử Many important historical documents were destroyed when the library was bombed historically (Adv) mặt lịch sử The film makes no attempt to be historically accurate confident (Adj) confidence (N) confidential (Adj) Tự tin, tin cậy, I'm confident of his skills as a manager She's chắn completely lacking in confidence Sự tự tin, tin cậy A person's medical records are confidential Bí mật, riêng tƣ Sự All replies will be treated with complete confidentiality (N) cẩn mật, tin cẩn confidentiality Giãi bày tâm sự, đủ confide in sb tin để kể bí mật Tự tin thân He confided that his hair was not his own He self-confident (Adj) is self-confident anywhere he goes Nhận ra, thừa nhận Recognize (V) I hadn’t seen her for 20 years, but I recognized her immediately Có thể nhận ra, có The Eiffel Tower in Paris is an instantly Recognizable( 10 thể thừa nhận Sự recognizable landmark nhận ra, thừa Adj) nhận His work was slow to gain recognition Không thể nhận ra, His voice was muffled by his collar and recognition (N) thừa nhận unrecognizable Đù tƣ cách, đủ khả This course qualifies you to teach in any unrecognizable qualify (V) +for (Adi) qualified (Adj) secondary school Đù tƣ cách, đủ khà What makes you think that you are qualified for this job? 11 unqualified (Adj) Không đủ tƣ cách, không đủ trình độ I feel unqualified to speak on the subject disqualified (V) + Loại ra, làm cho from không đù tƣ cách He's been disqualified from driving for a year qualification (N) Phẳm chất, lực You'll never get a good job if you don’t have any qualifications mystery (N) Điều bí ẩn, huyền bí The mystery was solved when the police discovered the murder weapon mysterious (Adj) Thần bí, huyền bí 12 His colleague had vanished in mysterious circumstances mystify (V) waste (adj) 13 Ra vẻ bí ẩn, khó hiểu Vô giá trị, bỏ was mystified by her decision What a complete waste of time! N Rác thài, lãng phí V toxic industrial wastes Lãng phi, uỗng phí Why don't we just stop wasting time, all right? wasteful (Adj) Hoang phí Oil spills are common, as is the dumping of It's wasteful the way you throw so much food away! wastefully (Adv) Hoang phí Energy and water are used much more wastefully than if these resources were priced waste basket (N) origin (N) original (Adj) Thùng rác properly Every room has a waste basket Nguồn gốc, lai lịch It's a book about the origin of the universe Thuộc nguyên bản, The gardens have recently been restored to độc đáo 14 their original glory originally (Adv) Một cách độc đảo, Originally it was a bedroom, but we turned it originality (N) into a study Tính nguồn gốc, tính We were impressed by the originality of the vary (V) độc đáo Thay đỗi, biến đỗi variable (Adj) Có thể thay đồi đƣợc children's work The samples varied in quality but were generally acceptable British weather is perhaps at its most variable in the spring 15 various (Adj) variety (N) 16 bard (Adj) Khác nhau, thuộc We had various problems on our journey, nhiều loại Sự đa dạng Cứng rắn, khắc including a flat tyre I like almost every variety of cheese Heating the clay makes it hard nghiệt, khó khăn (Adv) Khắc nghiệt, It had been raining hard most of the afternoon cố gắng hard-working Làm việc chăm chỉ, (Adj) hardship (N) tích cực Sự gian khổ It can be a sign of financial hardship to come harden (V) Làm cho cứng lại The mixture hardens as it cools know (V) knowledge (N) Biết, hiểu biết I don’t know anything about this Sự nhận biết, tri thức Her knowledge of English grammar is very 17 knowledgeable (Adj) Thông thạo She was always very hard-working at school extensive He's very knowledgeable about German literature The restaurant is well-known for its friendly well - known (Adj) Nổi tiếng Cố ý, chủ atmosphere and excellent service I've never knowingly offended him knowingly(V) (Adv) tâm conceive Diễn đạt, nhận thức, He couldn’t conceive of a time when he would concept(N) tƣởng tƣợng Khái niệm have no job It is very difficult to define the concept of beauty conception (N) misconception (N) 18 conceptual (Adj) conceivable (Adj) Quan niệm, nhận People from different cultures have different thức conceptions of the world Sự hiểu sai, nhận We hope our work will help to change popular thức sai misconceptions about disabled people Thuộc nhận thức, The main weakness of the proposal is thuộc quan điểm conceptual Có thể nhận thức Books on every conceivable subject lined one đƣợc, tƣởng wall tƣợng đƣợc occupy (V) Chiếm đóng, chiếm The rest of the time was occupied with writing giữ occupied (Adj) Đang sử dụng, bận a report This table is already occupied rộn, kín (ngƣời) unoccupied (Adj) Nhàn rỗi, bỏ không Are there any unoccupied seats in that row? preoccupy (V) 19 Chiếm trƣớc, ám Economic concerns are preoccupying the ảnh voters in this election occupation (N) Sự chiếm đóng, He missed the bell in his occupation with the công computer game việc occupational (Adj) Thuộc nghề nghiệp Back problems are an occupational hazard for any desk-bound office worker IV LUYỆN TẬP VỀ CẤU TẠO TỪ - TỪ LOẠI Your _ must be typed into copies to hand in for our company applicants application applicating applying Well, I think that the prices in BIG c supermarket are _ reason reasonable reasonably reasoning This company offered a lot of jobs attractive attraction attract attractively The _of the moon for the earth causes tides attract attracted attraction attractive What are the _ between women’s in old times and women in modern times? differs different difference differences In the past people believed that women’s roles were as mothers and wives nature natural naturalist naturism It is necessary for students to listen to their teacher _ attentive attentively attend attention Our company believes it is the best to handle the account organizing organizational organizational disorganization films should be made for school Educational Educational Educate Educated He apologized for the he had caused convenient inconvenient convenience inconvenience They gave a clear of their intentions demonstrate demonstrative demonstration demonstrating Information technology is very _ to our lives useful useless A computer is a _ use usefully typewriter which allows you to type and print any kind of documents magically magical Hue is famous for its _ beauty beautiful Three films are in compete compete magic spots historical beautifully beautify for the same contract, competition You must place these events in their _ history magician historic competitor context historian We need information before we can decide further farther far farthest The day was so that we decided to take a picnic lunch to the beach clear and warmly clearly and warmly clearly and warm clear and warm Health care have been rising but so has the quality cost costs costing to understand the matter costly enough intelligent What so intelligent very intelligent an exciting story How is an exciting story She is intelligent enough Ị a story exciting the exciting story Ị the room is dirty is the room dirty The love for books is helpful in dirty the room is the dirty room is the pupils’ knowledge developing development developed Sport is sometimes used by governments as a tool of foreign being developed political He spoke policy politics politician to her, and she began crying immediately insensitivity insensitiveness insensitively When the automobile salesman described the car so insensitive , we became very uneasy about buying it ambiguity ambiguousness ambiguous The meeting was , and all left satisfied ambiguously harmony harmonize harmoniousness “Since the goal seems argued achievements achieve Scientists difference harmonious , I believe we should begin at once,” Tim achievable achieving in their opinions of how snow crystals originate differ differentiate differentiate Writer Ernest Hemingwav is known for his language and his lively dialogue simplification simple simplistic V BÀI TẬP NÂNG CAO VÈ CẤU TẠO TỪ - TỪ LOẠI simplicity The judge told him it was to drink and drive and banned him for a year responsible irresponsible responsibilty irresponsibility Mo specialists specialist especially Peter’s gained so much weight because he can’t stop Eat edible doct overeating eatable The sun and the moon are often _ in poetry person personal experimental experiment She wants to be an actress but her parents_ approve of approval ors are personified personalize The work is still at very level st spe cial experimental expire of her intention disapprove disapproval In the Middle Ages, salt was very valuable so that slaves were with it compare comparable comparative incomparable The _ of the trains and the buses causes frustration and annoyance frequent frequency infrequent infrequency It is usually forbidden to destroy buildings history historic historical historically This matter is very Don’t discuss it outside the office confident confidential confidence confide Supply the correct word form I didn’t know who she was with a mask on She was completely recognize recognizable recognition unrecognizable I felt _ to speak on the subject In fact, I could have done it perfectly qualify qualified unqualified They were totally _ by the girl’s disappearance qualification They are an incredibly family You should see how much food they throw away wasted wasteful waste wastefully To be successful, an artist must show great _ origin original originality originally mystery mysterious ... comparison (N) I strongly disapprove of underage drinking Although they said nothing, she could sense their disapproval of her suggestion So s nh S so s nh This road is quite busy compared to ours... civic, classic, historic, artistic, economic - ive authoritative, demonstrative, passive, comparative, possessive, native - ous dangerous, glorious, murderous, viscous, ferocious, hilarious - able... year responsible irresponsible responsibilty irresponsibility Mo specialists specialist especially Peter s gained so much weight because he can’t stop Eat edible doct overeating eatable The sun