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GREEN CHEMISTRY Dr Nam T S Phan Faculty of Chemical Engineering HCMC University of Technology Office: room 211, B2 Building Phone: 38647256 ext 5681 Email: ptsnam@hcmut.edu.vn Chapter 5: RENEWABLE MATERIALS AND GREEN CHEMISTRY A raw material as feedstock should be renewable rather than depleting wherever technically and economically practicable Renewable energy Solar power is the name given for using the energy of the sun to provide electricity or to heat water Wind power harnesses the power of the wind to provide electricity Hydropower means using the power of water to make electricity or run machinery Geothermal power Geothermal energy is the natural heat of the earth which can be used to heat or cool buildings and provide hot water Biomass is a collective term for all animal and plant material Biomass energy is produced by burning or digesting some forms of these materials8 Hydrogen fuel: Hydrogen (H2) is being aggressively explored as a fuel for passenger vehicles It can be used in fuel cells to power electric motors or burned in internal combustion engines (ICEs) Disadvantages • Technologies still under development • Costly • Needs more space • Low-intensity energy production 10 26 If free fatty acids are present 27 Production of biodiesel from rapeseeds 28 Production of biodiesel from jatropha 29 Production of biodiesel from sunflower 30 Production of biodiesel from waste oil 31 Production of biodiesel from algae 32 Is biodiesel better for the environment than petrodiesel? 33 Energy Balance: Is biodiesel more efficient than petrodiesel? Biodiesel yields more energy than is used in its production: 320% more! This includes all the energy used to grow it, 34 make it, transport it and distribute it Biogas 35 Biomass pyrolysis • Pyrolysis is the thermal decomposition of biomass occurring in the absence of oxygen • The products of biomass pyrolysis include biochar, bio-oil and gases including methane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide • Pyrolysis will yield mainly biochar at low temperatures, less than 450 0C, when the heating rate is quite slow, and mainly gases at high temperatures, greater than 800 0C, with rapid heating rates • At an intermediate temperature and under relatively high heating rates, the main product is bio-oil 36 37 38 39 40 .. .Chapter 5: RENEWABLE MATERIALS AND GREEN CHEMISTRY A raw material as feedstock should be renewable