ALDEHYD VÀ CETON BÉO 1 Gọi tên hợp chaát sau: CCl3 CHO Tricloroetanal Tricloroacetaldehyd Cloral CH2 CH CHO Propenal Acrolein (CH3) C CH CH2 CO CH3 5-methyl-4-hexen-2-on CH3 CO CH2 CO CH3 2,4-pentandion Acetoaceton CH3 CH CH CHO 2-butenal Crotonaldehyd OHC CHO Etandial Glyoxal CH3 CO CH CH2 C6H5 CH2 CH2 CHO Methylvinylceton 3-phenylpropanal CH3 CH(OCH3) 1,1-dimethoxyetan CH3 CO CH2 CHO 3-oxobutanal Acetoacetandehyd O HO OH OCH3 OCH3 2,6-di-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxybenzyl)cyclohexanon cyclovalon(thuốc lợi mật) Cl NH CH3.HCl O 2-(2'-clorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)cyclohexanon Ketamin 1' O HO CH3 2' 6-[(R) -2'-hydroxy-6'methylhept-5'-en-2'-yl) cyclohex-2-enon Hermandulcin Viết công thức chaát sau: a (CH 3) 3C C C (CH 3) O O b cyclopropanon Di-tert-butylceton d CH3 c CH2 C CH2CH3 O O ethylbenzylceton 3-methyl-3 cyclohexen-1-on f e CH2CHO phenylacetaldehyd CH2CH3 g CH2 CH CH2 C CHO CH3 methylethylallylacetaldehyd CH Cl C CH CH CHO CH3 4-cloro-4-methylpenten-2-al h CH CH CH C CH CHO O 3-oxohexanal Aldol hoùa: a CH3 CH CH CHO CH3 CH2 CHO + CH3 CHO HO CH3 CH C CHO - CH3 H2O CH3 CH2 CH CH CHO CH3 CH2 CH C CHO CH3 b HCHO + CH3 CH2 CHO HO H2O - H2C C CHO CH3 Viết trình chuyển hóa a Propen  aceton HCl CH3CH CH2 CH3 CH CH3 HO Cl CH CH CH [O] OH CH3 C CH3 O b 1-bromobutan  methylethylceton CH3CH2CH2CH2Br + H2O/H KOH/alcol HBr CH3 CH CH CH3 OH CH 3CH 2CH CH [O] CH3 CH2 C CH3 O c Propen  propanal CH CH CH H2O peroxyd CH CH CH OH CuO CH CH CHO d Cyclohexen  cyclohexanon: HCl Cl HO OH [O] O Điều chế butanon: a CH3 CH2 CH CH3 [O] NaOH Cl 2-clorobutan CH3 CH2 C CH3 O Butanon b CH CHO [H] NaBH4 hoaë c H2/Ni 1)CH3CHO + 2)H2O/H CH CH 2OH PCl5 CH3 CH2 CH CH3 OH CH CH 2Cl [O] Mg ether khan CH CH 2MgCl CH3 CH2 C CH3 O Butanon c CH3 CH CH CH3 Cl d Cl CH3 C N Acetonitril H2O/H CH3 C C2H5 H2O/H hoaë c KOH/alcol C2H5MgBr + 2-buten Zn NMgBr + [O] CH3 CH2 C CH3 O Butanon CH3 CH2 C CH3 O Butanon e 1-Buten + H2O/H 2-Butanol [O] Butanon f CH3 CH2 CH CH CH3 CH3 OH H2SO4 180 C CH3CH 2C CHCH3 CH3 3-methyl-2-pentanol [O] KMnO4 đặ c CH3 CH2 C CH3 O Butanon + CH3COOH 10 Từ benzen đ/c p-clorobenzaldehyd Viết pứ ngưng tụ với propionaldehyd, methylethylceton, annhydrid acetic CH3I AlCl3 CH Cl2 Fe Cl Cl2/as CH Cl CH Cl Cl H2O/HO Cl CH3CH2CHO/HO H2O Cl CHO CH3COCH2CH3/HO H2O Cl CH C CHO CH Cl (CH3CO)2O/CH3COONa CH3COOH CHO CH CHCOCH 2CH Cl CH CH COOH 32 Từ p-methoxybenzaldehyd điều chế a CH3O CHO HCN CH3O H2O/H+ CH CN CH3O OH CH COOH OH NH3 CH 3O CH COOH NH c CH3O CHO KCN + NH4Cl CH3O CH CN H3O+ NH2 b CH3O CHO C2H5MgBr CH 3O CH C2H5 OMgBr d CH3O CHO H2N NH2 H2O CH3O H3O+ MgBr(OH) CH3O CH N N CH CH C2H5 OH OCH3 33 Thực chuyển hóa a CH CHCl2 Cl2 / as OH CHO H2O/HO OH CHO CHO CH3I Na OH ONa OCH COOK CH 2OH + KOH b OCH CH3 CHCl2 Cl2 / as OCH CHO H2O/HO KCN/alcol CH C [O] OH O O O CHO Cl2/Fe CHO C6H5CH2ONa Cl C C OCH2C6H534 c C6H5 CHO CH OMgBr C6H5 CH OH + C6H5MgBr H2O/H C6H5 C O CrO3 C6H5 C N OH O C NH C6H5 + NH2OH H2O/H d CH C 2H C O 1) CH3MgI C2H5COCl AlCl3 O3 C2H C OH + 2) H2O/H O O C CH CH O CH3 H2O/Zn CH C CH CH H2SO4 C CH O + CH3CHO 35 e CH2Cl Mg ether khan OH C6H5 CH CH2 C6H5 CH2MgCl H2SO4 C6H5CHO C6H5 CH CH C6H5 KOH/alcol OMgCl CH CH2C6H5 Br2 Br + H2O/H Br C6H5 CH CH C6H5 C 6H C C C 6H 36 10 Từ benzen đ/c vanilin Cl Cl2 / Fe OCH OH OH NaOH o t ,p CH3I AlCl3 OCH OH Cl2 / aù s CH HO CH3O CHO + C6H5NH2 OCH Cl2 O 2) NaOH , t ,p CH3I 1) HO OCH OH H2O/HO CHCl2 H2O OCH OH gaiacol OCH OH CHO vanilin HO CH3O CH N C6H5 37 11 Hoàn thành qui trình điều chế a Bisacodyl: nhuận tràng HO OH H H O N C H H2SO4 HO OH N C H AcO (CH3CO)2O OAc N C H 38 11 b Caùc vitamin K: CH O CrO3 Ac2O CH N OH CH NH2OH (1 mol) O O ClCH2COONH4 Zn/HCl OH OH CH N OCH 2COOCH CH O 39 11 c Haloperidol: an thaàn F Cl (CH 2)3 C Cl F OH HN Cl AlCl3 + O OH Cl N O C (CH 2)3 Cl (CH 2)3 C F O d Progabid: trò động kinh OH F CH OH OH CrO3 F C O OH H2N (CH2)3 C NH2 O F C N (CH2)3 C NH2 O Cl Cl Cl 40 11 e Amfepramon: thuốc gây chán ăn C2H5COCl AlCl3 O C CH 2CH3 O Br2 C CH Br CH3 O HN(C2H5)2 C CH N(C2H5)2 CH 41 11 f Caùc vitamin B6: N HOCH N CH OH CH 2OH [O] HOCH N CH OH CHO NH2OH HOCH CH OH CH N OH LiAlH4 N NH3 HOCH CH OH CH 2NH 42 11 g COCH3 Cl H N Br2 Cl COCH2 N Cl COCH2Br Cl Cl N N HO CH CH2 N Cl N NaBH4 Cl Cl Cl ClCH2 Cl Cl Cl Cl CH O CH Cl CH2 N N 43 11 h CH 2OH CHO [O] CH 2OH H N N CHO CH N NH NH NH2 CH N NH H N N N N H 44 12 Boå sung quy trình tổng hợp dienoestrol CHO KCN/alcol CH3O CH C OH O OCH3 Et Et CH 3O C C OCH3 OCH3 HO OH 1) EtMgBr 2) H2O/H+ CrO3 CH 3O C C OCH O O H2O OCH3 CH3O OH HBr HO 45 13 Tổng hợp amiodaron CHO ClCH C C H HO O OH CHO HBr O O C C 4H OH O C C 3H O NH2 NH2 O C O H2O O CH C C3H7 O OCH3 Cl C OCH3 O C4H9 I O C I2/HO O C 4H O OH C 4H I ClCH2CH2N(C2H5)2 O I C O C 4H HO OCH2CH2N(C2H5)2 I 46 ... CH CH Cl 3-methyl-1-penten NaOH dd HCl C2H CH CH CH CH OH 3-methyl-2-pentanol [O] 2cloro-3-methyl-1-penten C2H CH C CH CH O 3-methyl-2-penanon C6H5NHNH2 C2H CH C CH CH NNHC6H 3-methyl-2-pentanonphenylhydrazon... Ketamin 1' O HO CH3 2' 6-[ (R) -2 '-hydroxy-6'methylhept-5'-en-2'-yl) cyclohex-2-enon Hermandulcin Viết công thức chất sau: a (CH 3) 3C C C (CH 3) O O b cyclopropanon Di-tert-butylceton d CH3 c CH2... 1,1-dimethoxyetan CH3 CO CH2 CHO 3-oxobutanal Acetoacetandehyd O HO OH OCH3 OCH3 2,6-di-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxybenzyl)cyclohexanon cyclovalon(thuoác lợi mật) Cl NH CH3.HCl O 2-( 2'-clorophenyl )-2 -( methylamino)cyclohexanon