Harry Truman with Dean Acheson in the Oval Office on December 21, 1950, discussing Acheson’s meetings with foreign and defense ministers of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) countries in Brussels, Belgium THIS IS A BORZOI BOOK PUBLISHED BY ALFRED A KNOPF Copyright © 2010 by The Truman Library Institute All rights reserved Published in the United States by Alfred A Knopf, a division of Random House, Inc., New York, and in Canada by Random House of Canada Limited, Toronto All photographs are used courtesy of The Truman Library Institute www.aaknopf.com Knopf, Borzoi Books, and the colophon are registered trademarks of Random House, Inc Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Truman, Harry S., 1884–1972 Affection and trust : the personal correspondence of Harry S Truman and Dean Acheson, 1953–1971 / by Harry S Truman and Dean Acheson ; edited by Ray Geselbracht and David C Acheson.—1st ed p cm eISBN: 978-0-307-59462-4 Truman, Harry S., 1884–1972—Correspondence Acheson, Dean, 1893–1971—Correspondence United States— Politics and government—1945–1953—Sources United States—Foreign relations—1945–1953—Sources I Acheson, Dean, 1893–1971 II Geselbracht, Raymond H III Acheson, David C IV Title E814.A4 2010 973.918—dc22 2010016904 v3.1 Contents Cover Title Page Copyright Editorial Note Introduction by David McCullough February to December 1953 A New Outlet for “the Truman-Acheson Front” January 1954 to April 1955 Eisenhower’s Foreign Policy – Musings on History and Government – Truman’s Memoirs – A Serious Operation – The Truman Library – Visits in Kansas City and Washington – Testimony and Tough Political Talk June to August 1955 A Blunt Critique of Truman’s Memoirs August 1955 to September 1956 The Potsdam Papers – “Intellectual Prostitutes” – Margaret Is Married – A Trip to Europe November 1956 to December 1957 Foreign-Policy and Civil-Rights Crises – A Meeting in Washington – More Politics – The “S” January 1958 to June 1959 Meetings in New Haven, Kansas City, and Washington, D.C – A Political Season – A President Who Doesn’t Know Where He’s Going – Three Foreign-Policy Crises – Truman Is “Steamed Up” – A Grand Birthday Celebration June 1959 to November 1960 A Candidate for 1960 – George Marshall’s Death – The U-2 Incident – Sit-Down Strikes – A “Treaty on ‘Don’ts’ ” – John F Kennedy and the Democratic Convention – The Campaign February 1961 to October 1971 JFK and LBJ – An Operation and a Fall – More Memoirs – Deaths in the Family – The Last Letter Acknowledgments List of Letters Editorial Note Minor style changes in punctuation and capitalization have been made to these letters without notice Titles of books and periodicals have been italicized Dates to the letters and other items have been regularized by being placed in the top right position in a month-day-year format Harry Truman, Dean Acheson, and Chief Justice Fred Vinson in the Oval Office on January 21, 1949, at Acheson’s swearing-in as Secretary of State Introduction The younger and taller of the two eminent Americans, the former Secretary of State, stood six foot one and, to judge by his exquisitely tailored suits and neatly trimmed, ever so slightly upturned mustache, he might have stepped from the pages of an English fashion magazine of the day The other, older man, the former President of the United States, was a good three inches shorter and about as unmistakably midwestern American as anybody could be Where one, the patrician Dean Gooderham Acheson, had attended Groton, Yale, and the Harvard Law School, the other, Harry S Truman, was the only President of the twentieth century who had no more than a high-school education Truman was the son of a farmer; Acheson, the son of an Episcopal bishop Acheson had begun his rise in the profession of the law under the tutelage of the learned Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis Truman owed much of his success in the rough-and-tumble of Missouri politics to the notorious boss Tom Pendergast Acheson was known to su er fools hardly at all, Truman had long since become a master of the art Truman, as he said, liked a little H2O flavored with bourbon, Acheson preferred his martinis extremely dry At the time the correspondence in these pages began, early in 1953, both men had come to regard themselves as oldsters, to use Truman’s word He was sixty-nine, Acheson, sixty, and they seemed still, as they had at the summit of their careers, as incongruous a pair as might be imagined, separated now not only by the thousand miles between Independence, Missouri, and Washington, D.C., but by so much else that was obvious—that is, if one chose to judge only by the obvious For as conspicuously di erent as they were in background, appearance, and manner, they were two principled men who lived by the same code, and, importantly, each had the capacity to see beyond what met the eye Truman had understood at once how much more there was than the fashion plate to Acheson Acheson had seen from the beginning the rare common sense and underlying greatness of the plainspoken supposed nobody who had taken the place of the fallen Franklin Roosevelt Some similarities between the two were as marked as the di erences Both had a small-town background (Acheson came from Middletown, Connecticut.) Both loved books—and history and biography in particular (The breadth of Harry Truman’s reading—the fact that he read Latin for pleasure, for example—came as a surprise to those who did not know him.) Both liked a morning walk at a good clip and neither had the least ability to speak any language other than his own If Acheson paid inordinate attention to how he looked, Truman was not far behind with his bow ties, his invariably well-pressed suits, crisp shirts, and insistence that ve points of a fresh handkerchief be showing just so from his breast pocket The failed haberdasher, as his critics liked to label him, loved clothes and from boyhood had cared very much about how he looked In explanation of Acheson’s attention to wardrobe, his son, David, has written that it was not vanity so much as part of “a perfectionist drive that touched everything he did.” To a degree that could be said of Truman as well Both men were devoted to their wives and families Each had an active sense of humor and was capable of laughing at himself And they were both profound patriots An unfailing loyalty to their country was bedrock to their code and one of their strongest bonds They were the same in their dislike of cheap political preening and hypocrisy, not to say the use of public o ce primarily as a means of self-aggrandizement But at the same time, both relished politics, and Acheson quite as much as Truman Many of his happiest hours, Acheson once ded to a reporter, were spent in the back rooms of the Capitol working with the leaders of both parties “Some of my worst enemies on the Hill were my best friends,” he said They were alike in their exceptional vitality and their belief in straightforward leadership They deplored the tendency in politicians to avoid hard choices They had tried always to make decisions in the best interest of the country in the long run, and to adhere to decisions once made Though they made mistakes, both showed again and again uncommon courage in the face of adversity, each drawing strength from the other’s resolve As mentioned in the pages that follow, an English writer once observed that a great play could be written about Truman and Acheson How right he was! In an interview with the writer Merle Miller, shortly after returning to stay in Independence, Truman said, “I tried never to forget who I was, where I came from, and where I would go back to.” And on the morning of his rst full day at home, in February 1953, when asked by the NBC correspondent Ray Scherer what was the rst thing he planned to do, Truman said he was going to “carry the grips up to the attic,” a remark the country took to heart, because it seemed so perfectly in character, so like a man glad to be back where he came from In truth, being o the world stage and taking up the part of a plain citizen again was no easy thing for Truman, or for Acheson either, as they were to de in their remarkable exchange of letters The correspondence began on February 7, 1953, with Truman telling Acheson, “I hope that we will never lose contact,” and continued for fully eighteen years, until Acheson’s death in 1971 There has been nothing like it in our history, except for the postpresidential exchange, known as the Retirement Series, between John Adams and Thomas Je erson, as Acheson was quick to point out, telling Truman that the AdamsJefferson letters were among “the most glorious” he had ever read What Truman and he wrote had more to with the bonds of friendship, less with political philosophy than what the two Founders had taken up with each other Acheson wrote at greater length than Truman, but then Acheson loved to write and had an exceptional gift for expressing himself Above all, it seems, each wanted the other to know how much their friendship mattered To a large degree this remarkable collection of letters is a testament to friendship Most of the letters were handwritten, and on two sides of the paper The handwriting of both of the correspondents is clear and straightforward Truman writes a bit larger and the lines are more forward moving in spirit Acheson’s writing is tighter, perfectly neat and trim They had both learned well in school to maintain a legible hand, to dot is and cross ts Much is said about the particular activities each had taken up in his new life Acheson was devoting large amounts of his time to Yale, as a member of the Yale Corporation, the ruling board of the university Though he continued to live in Washington on P Street in Georgetown, his repeated trips to Connecticut and the time spent there seem to have been his way of going back where he came from In the spring of 1958, he arranged for Truman to come to New Haven for several days as a visiting lecturer Truman was an enormous hit with the students “I hope you can understand how very much I enjoyed my visit to Yale,” he writes Acheson afterward “I have never had a better time anywhere It is what I have always wanted to do.…” Truman writes of his part in the creation of the Truman Library in Independence And then there were his memoirs, about which he and Acheson both have much to say “The cursed manuscript” proved an awful ordeal, the work far greater and more demanding than Truman had ever reckoned He had come home from the White House without a salary or pension, and would refuse to serve on any corporate boards or to take fees for lobbying or commercial endorsements But the o er of a publisher’s advance for an autobiography he thought an acceptable source of income He desperately needed Acheson’s editorial help, and the help Acheson provided, as his critical comments on the subject so abundantly document, was no easy matter for either of them Once, in 1951, at the start of his seventh year serving under President Truman, Acheson had written, “We have always spoken the truth to one another and we always will.” And there could be no waiving of that rule now, however awkward or outright painful that truth might be At one point, responding to the manuscript of the memoir in a letter dated June 27, 1955, Acheson warns Truman about the excessive use of the rst person singular and refers to a page where the pronoun I appears eleven times In a following letter, Acheson says bluntly that two entire chapters of the memoir are “pretty heavy going”: “Somehow I don’t think that a general exposition of budgetary principles adds a great deal to your autobiography.” Truman was being assisted by a cluster of “helpers,” and the manuscript kept growing ever larger Acheson read every page, carefully, thoughtfully, questioning facts and doing his part to weed out redundancies and such excess lumber as budgetary principles The book was too much the work of others, Acheson saw, and far too long-winded One August 27, 1969 Dear Dean: I was happy to have a copy of the article Esquire is publishing in its September issue I read it with interest and satisfaction and you were as kind as could be I am looking forward to your forthcoming book and, as you well know, I have a special interest in everything you have to say Bess joins me in sending warm regards to you and Alice Sincerely yours, Harry S Truman September 3, 1969 Dear Boss, One of the rst copies of my book o the press has just been put in the mail to you Without even asking your permission, I dedicated the book to you You inspired and supported almost everything described in it I hope you will nd it a worthy account of what we tried to together Alice sends her love to Bess and to you, as I Faithfully, Dean September 15, 1969 Dear Dean: I began to read your book as soon as it reached me, for I am always greatly interested in everything you have to say or write I deeply appreciate your dedicating the book to me as I recall with pleasure and satisfaction the years we have spent together shaping the American foreign policy With warm regards to Alice and you, in which Bess joins me Sincerely and gratefully yours, Harry S Truman Truman and Acheson met for the last time at Truman’s home on April 12, 1970 The occasion was a ceremonial gathering of members of Truman’s administration on the twenty- fth anniversary of Truman’s succession to the presidency Dear Boss, May 6, 1971 Our most a ectionate greetings go to you with this birthday note May you stay well and have many more of them As the years pass your stature grows more and more imposing, not merely as the comparisons furnished are smaller and smaller, but also because what you did stands out more and more All of us who had the honor of serving under you will never forget the satisfaction of that experience Devotedly and respectfully, Dean May 14, 1971 Dear Dean: I was greatly pleased by your kind and generous letter on my eighty-seventh birthday Coming from you, this carries deeper meaning for me My thanks to you and Alice, in which Mrs Truman is happy to join Sincerely yours, Harry S Truman On October 12, 1971, Acheson su ered a heart attack He died that same day In his last letter to Truman, written a few months before, he expressed his abiding gratitude to his former chief Through his office in Independence, the President issued a final tribute: America and the whole world have lost a great friend, diplomat and statesman Dean Acheson was a friend of all mankind and served his country with honor and distinction No one had a greater knowledge of world a airs and how to deal with them than he, while he was Secretary of State Mrs Truman and I have su ered a great personal loss in his passing A little over a year later, on December 26, 1972, Harry Truman died at his home He was eighty-eight The two friends’ deaths brought to an end one of the most remarkable series of letters in the history of American politics and government Although the long friendship was over, its effects on American politics and policy have continued to this day Dean Acheson and Harry Truman visit Yale University, where Truman lectured and met with students and faculty in April 1958 Acknowledgments The publisher acknowledges with thanks the permission generously given by Clifton Truman Daniel, Thomas W Daniel, and Harrison Gates Daniel, President Truman’s grandsons, and by the Honorable David C Acheson, Dean Acheson’s son, to publish letters to which they hold copyright Clifton Truman Daniel, Thomas W Daniel, and Harrison Gates Daniel would like to thank Dr Raymond Gesselbracht, Special Assistant to the Director of the Harry S Truman Library, for his work in providing the President’s letters used in this book and providing some of the explanatory headnotes, and Kacie Perna, assistant to Dr Gesselbracht, for typing and formatting parts of the manuscript The Library would like to thank the Honorable David C Acheson for also providing explanatory headnotes, and for furnishing answers to a myriad of factual questions regarding the events portrayed in this book The Library, the Daniels, and the Honorable David Acheson would like to acknowledge the book’s editor at Knopf, Patricia Hass, for her enthusiasm for this project, her persistence in seeing it through, and her steady editorial hand Finally, all parties wish to thank David McCullough for his introduction and support List of Letters Abbreviations A: Dean Acheson AF: Among Friends: Personal Letters of Dean Acheson, edited by David S McLellan and David C Acheson (New York: Dodd, Mead and Company, 1980) DA: Papers of Dean Acheson, Acheson-Truman Correspondence File, Harry S Truman Library OTR: Off the Record: The Private Papers of Harry S Truman, edited by Robert H Ferrell (New York: Harper and Row, 1980) PPP: Post Presidential Papers of Harry S Truman, Harry S Truman Library T: Harry S Truman ebruary 7, 1953: T to A (typed copy, p., re luncheon thanks), PPP: Name File; also DA (typed, p.) ebruary 7, 1953: T to A (typed, p.), DA; also PPP: Name File (typed copy, p.) ebruary 10, 1953: A to T (handwritten, pp.), PPP: Name File; also AF ebruary 18, 1953: T to A (handwritten, pp.), DA ebruary 21, 1953: A to T (handwritten, pp.), PPP: Name File March 2, 1953: A to T (handwritten, pp.), PPP: Name File March 6, 1953: T to A (typed copy, p.), PPP: Name File; also DA (typed, p.) April 6, 1953: A to T (handwritten, pp.), PPP: Name File; also DA (typed copy, p.) April 11, 1953: T to A (telegram, p.), PPP: Name File; also DA (telegram, p.) April 14, 1953: A to T (typed, pp.), w enclosures, Drew Pearson, “Reasons Behind Dulles’ Reversal,” Washington Post, April 14, 1953; and John O’Donnell, n.d.; PPP: Name File; also DA (typed copy, pp., and handwritten, pp.); also AF April 18, 1953: T to A (handwritten, pp.), DA April 24, 1953: T to A (typed copy, p.), PPP: Name File; also DA (typed, p.) May 2, 1953: A to T (handwritten, pp.), PPP: Name File May 25, 1953: T to A (typed copy, p.), PPP: Name File, also DA (handwritten, pp.); also AF May 28, 1953: A to T (handwritten, pp.), PPP: Name File; also DA (typed copy, pp.) une 8, 1953: T to A (typed, p.), DA une 23, 1953: A, Memorandum of Conversation (typed, pp.), PPP: Name File une 23, 1953: A, Speech (excerpts), “Remarks of the Honorable Dean Acheson at Dinner Given in Honor of Former President and Mrs Truman, June 23, 1953, Mayflower Hotel, Washington,” PPP: Name File uly 21, 1953: A to T (typed, pp.), w enclosure, Eddy Gilmore, “Writer Finds Mighty Russia Starting to Burst at Seams,” Washington Post, July 19, 1953, PPP: Name File; also DA (typed copy, pp.); also AF August 18, 1953: T to A (typed copy, p.), w enclosure, Samuel S Freedman to T, August 10, 1953, PPP: Name File; also DA (typed, p.) eptember 2, 1953: T to A (typed copy, p.), PPP: Name File; also DA (typed, p.) eptember 24, 1953: A to T (typed, pp.), PPP: Speech File; also DA (typed copy, pp.) October 2, 1953: T to A (typed copy, pp.), PPP: Name File; also DA (typed, pp.); also OTR October 8, 1953: A to T (typed, pp.), w enclosure, “Post-War Foreign Policy, Second Phase,” address by A at the Woodrow Wilson Foundation Dinner, New York, October 1, 1953, PPP: Name File; also DA (typed copy, pp.) October 21, 1953: T to A (typed copy, p.), PPP: Name File; also DA (typed, p.) October 21, 1953: A to T (typed, pp.), PPP: Name File November 5, 1953: T to A (handwritten, pp.), DA December 3, 1953: A to T (handwritten, pp.), PPP: Name File; also DA (typed copy, p.) December 26, 1953: T to A (handwritten, pp.), DA anuary 28, 1954: T to A (handwritten, pp.), DA ebruary 5, 1954: A to T (handwritten, pp.), PPP: Name File; also DA (typed copy, pp.); also AF March 17, 1954 (Saint Patrick’s Day): T to A (handwritten, pp.), DA March 26, 1954: A to T (handwritten, pp.), w enclosure, “ ‘Instant Retaliation’: The Debate Continues,” New York Times, March 28, 1954, PPP: Name File; also DA (typed copy, p.) May 28, 1954: T to A (handwritten, pp.), DA une 16, 1954: A to T (handwritten, pages), PPP: Name File; also DA (typed copy, pp.) une 21, 1954: A to T (handwritten, pages), PPP: Name File; also DA (typed copy, p.) une 27, 1954 (postmark): Bess Truman to A (handwritten, p.), DA une 30, 1954: A to Bess Truman (typed copy, p.), DA eptember 21, 1954: A to T (typed, pp.), PPP: Name File October 14, 1954: T to A (handwritten, pp.), DA October 19, 1954: A to T (handwritten, pp.), probably w enclosure, “The Responsibility for Decision in Foreign Policy,” Autumn 1954 PPP: Name File anuary 11, 1955: T to A (handwritten, pp.), DA anuary 20, 1955: A to T (handwritten, pp.), PPP: Name File (AF); also DA (typed copy, p.) anuary 25, 1955: T to A (handwritten, p.), DA anuary 31, 1955: A to T (handwritten, pp.), PPP: Name File ebruary 4, 1955: A to T (typed, p.), PPP: Name File ebruary 5, 1955: T to A (handwritten, p.), DA ebruary 9, 1955: T to A (telegram, p.), PPP: Name File ebruary 19, 1955: A and Mrs A to T (telegram, p.), PPP: Name File; also DA (telegram, p.) ebruary 21, 1955: A to Bess Truman (typed copy, p.), DA March 7, 1955: T to A (handwritten, p.), PPP: Name File March 12, 1955: A to T (telegram, p.), PPP: Name File March 29, 1955: T to A (typed, p.), DA March 31, 1955: A to T (handwritten, p.), PPP: Name File; also DA (typed copy, p.) April 20, 1955: T to A (handwritten, pp.), DA April 29, 1955: A to T (handwritten, pp.), PPP: Name File; also DA (handwritten draft, pp., and typed copy, p.) une 7, 1955: T to A (typed copy, p.; also typed draft, p.), PPP: Name File une 21, 1955: A to T (typed, 10 pp.), PPP: Name File une 24, 1955: A to T (typed, pp.), PPP; Memoirs File une 27, 1955: A to T (typed, pp.), PPP: Memoirs File une 30, 1955: T to A (typed copy, p.), PPP: Name File uly 6, 1955: T to A (typed copy, p.), PPP: Name File uly 9, 1955: T to A (handwritten, pp.), DA uly 11, 1955: A to T (typed, pp.), PPP: Name File; also DA (typed copy, pp.) uly 18, 1955: A to T (typed, 12 pp.), PPP: Name File uly 19, 1955: T to A (typed copy, p.), PPP: Name File uly 25, 1955: A to T (telegram, p.), PPP: Name File uly 25, 1955: A to T (typed, 14 pp.), PPP: Name File; also AF August 12, 1955: T to A (handwritten, pp.), DA August 21, 1955: A to T (handwritten, pp.), PPP: Name File October 14, 1955: A to T (typed, pp.), PPP: Name File October 17, 1955: T to A (typed, p.), DA; also PPP: Name File (typed copy, p.) October 18, 1955: T to A (typed copy, p.), PPP: Name File November 9, 1955: A to T (typed, p.), PPP: Name File November 10, 1955: T to A (handwritten, pp.), DA November 21, 1955: T to A (typed, p.), DA; also PPP: Name File (typed copy, p.) November 23, 1955: A to T (typed, pp.), PPP: Name File, also AF December 8, 1955: A to T (handwritten, pp.), PPP: Name File; also DA (typed copy, p.) December 9, 1955: T to A (typed, pp.), DA; also PPP: Name File (typed copy, pp.) December 10, 1955: T to A (handwritten, p.), DA December 14, 1955: A to T (typed, pp.), w enclosure, list, “Potsdam Papers Presumed to be in Mr Truman’s Custody, Copies of Which (Preferably Photocopies) are Desired by the Department of State,” PPP: Name File; also DA (typed copy, pp., without enclosure) December 20, 1955: T to A (typed, p.), DA; also PPP: Name File (typed copy, p.) December 27, 1955: T to A (typed, p.), DA; also PPP: Name File (typed copy, p.) December 29, 1955: T to A (handwritten, pp.), DA anuary 3, 1956: A to T (handwritten, pp.), PPP: Name File anuary 19, 1956: T to A (handwritten, pp.), DA ebruary 9, 1956: A to T (typed, p.), w enclosures, letter, Eugene Rabinowitch to A, February 1, 1956 (typed, p.); A to Eugene Rabinowitch, February 8, 1956 (typed copy, pp.), re release of Acheson-Lilienthal Report, PPP: Name File ebruary 21, 1956: T to A (handwritten, pp.), DA ebruary 23, 1956: A to T (handwritten, pp.), PPP: Name File; also DA (typed copy, p.) March 26, 1956: T to A (handwritten, pp.), DA March 27, 1956: A to T (handwritten, pp.), PPP: Name File, also AF May 3, 1956: A to T (handwritten, pp.), PPP: Name File May 9, 1956: A to T (handwritten, pp.), PPP: Name File, w enclosures, two notes re gift of books, The Horse Soldiers and A Victorian Boyhood; also DA (typed, p.) uly 15, 1956: A to T (handwritten, pp.), PPP: Name File uly 20, 1956: T to A (handwritten, pp.), DA August 21, 1956: A to T (handwritten, pp.), PPP: Name File; also DA (typed copy, p.) August 29, 1956: T to A (handwritten, pp.), DA eptember 1, 1956: A to T (handwritten, pp.), PPP: Name File November 30, 1956: T to A (typed, p.), DA; also PPP: Name File (typed copy, p.) November 30, 1956: T to A (handwritten, pp.), DA December 4, 1956: A to T (handwritten, pp.), PPP: Desk File; also DA (typed copy, p.) December 7, 1956: T to A (handwritten, pp.), DA anuary 14, 1957: T to A (handwritten, pp.), DA anuary 15, 1957: A to T (typed, pp.), PPP: Name File; also DA (typed, pp.); also AF anuary 26, 1957: A to T (handwritten, pp.), PPP: Name File anuary 28, 1957: T to A (handwritten, pp.), PPP: Name File ebruary 12, 1957: A to T (handwritten, p.), PPP: Name File March 15, 1957: T to A (not sent) (handwritten, pp.), PPP: Name File, also OTR April 5, 1957: A to T (handwritten, pp.), w enclosure, Max Freedman, “Lessons in How to Master a Crisis,” Manchester Guardian, n.d., PPP: Name File; also DA (typed copy, p.) April 8, 1957: T to A (handwritten, pp.), PPP: Name File April 11, 1957: T to A (telegram, p.), DA; also PPP: Name File (copy of telegram, p.) April 12, 1957: T to A (typed, p.), DA; also PPP: Name File (typed copy, p.) April 17, 1957: A to T (typed, p.), DA; also PPP: Name File (typed copy, p.) April 23, 1957: T to A (typed, p.), DA; also PPP: Name File (typed copy, p.) May 7, 1957: A to T (handwritten, pp.), PPP: Name File; also DA (typed copy, p.) May 27, 1957: T to A (telegram, p.), DA: also PPP: Name File (copy of telegram, p.) une 1, 1957: T to A (handwritten, pp.), DA une 5, 1957: A to T (handwritten, pp.), PPP: Desk File, also DA (typed copy, pp.); also AF uly 10, 1957: T to A (handwritten, pp.), DA uly 10, 1957: A to T (handwritten, pp.), w enclosures, note from Barbara Evans, n.d.; note from Dean Acheson, n.d.; review of Year of Decisions, in The Economist, December 17, 1955, PPP: Desk File uly 16, 1957: T to A (handwritten, pp.), DA; also PPP: Name File (typed copy, p.) August 5, 1957: T to A (typed copy, p.), w enclosures, T to William Hillman, August 5, 1957, and teletype, “Is NATO a Lost Cause? Kill NATO and Doom Europe, Ex-Secretary Acheson Says,” from Western World, w note by William Hillman, “Mr President, You sure need a cane and dictionary to wade through this one Bill H.,” PPP: Name File August 6, 1957: A to T (typed copy, p.), DA August 14, 1957: A to T (typed, pp.), w enclosure, A to Lyndon B Johnson, August 13, 1957, re civil-rights bill, PPP: Name File; also DA (typed copy, pp.); also AF August 21, 1957: T to A (typed, p.), DA; also PPP: Name File (typed copy, p.) August 28, 1957: A to T (typed copy, pp.), DA August 31, 1957: T to A (typed, p.), DA October 7, 1957: T to A (handwritten, pp.), DA October 8, 1957: A to T (handwritten, pp.), PPP: Name File; also DA (typed copy, p.); also AF October 21, 1957: A to T (typed, pp.), PPP: Trip File; also DA (typed copy, pp.) October 29, 1957: T to A (typed, p.), PPP: Name File November 1, 1957: A to T (handwritten, 10 pp.), PPP: Name File December 5, 1957: T to A (typed copy, p.), PPP: Name File December 18, 1957: T to A (typed, p), DA; also PPP: Name File (typed copy, p.) December 20, 1957: A to T (typed, pp.), w enclosures, Elizabeth Finley, Memorandum for Mr Acheson, December 11, 1957 (typed, p.); Helen Lally, Memorandum to Mr Justice Frankfurter, December 19, 1957 (typed, pp.), PPP: Desk File; also AF anuary 24, 1958: T to A (handwritten, pp.), DA March 25, 1958: A to T (typed, pp.), PPP: Trip File; also DA (typed copy, pp.) March 28, 1958: T to A (typed, p.), DA; also PPP: Name File (typed copy, p.) April 16, 1958: T to A (typed, p.), DA; also PPP: Name File (typed copy, p.) April 18, 1958: A to T (typed, p.), PPP: Name File; also DA (typed copy, p.) April 30, 1958: T to A (typed, p.), DA; also PPP: Name File (typed copy, p.), w enclosure, T to Mr Yalman (typed copy, p.), April 29, 1958 May 15, 1958: T to A (typed, p.), DA uly 15, 1958: T and A, transcript of telephone conversation (typed, pp.), PPP: Name File uly 29, 1958: T to A (handwritten, pp.), w enclosure, clipping, “Mrs Acheson, Bishop’s Widow,” PPP: Name File, also OTR August 2, 1958: A to T (handwritten, pp.), PPP: Desk File August 7, 1958: T to A (typed, p.), DA; also PPP: Name File (typed copy, p.) August 14, 1958: A to T (typed, p.), PPP: Desk File; also DA (typed copy, p.) August 19, 1958: T to A (handwritten, pp.), DA eptember 16, 1958: A to T (handwritten, pp.), w enclosure, clipping, “Washington Puts Peking to the Test,” by Max Freedman, n.d., PPP: Desk File eptember 17, 1958: A to T (typed copy, pp.), PPP: Desk File October 14, 1958: T to A (typed, pp.), DA; also PPP: Desk File (typed copy, pp., and typed draft with handwritten annotations, pp.); also PPP: Name File (typed copy, pp.); also OTR October 24, 1958: A to T (typed copy, pp.), PPP: Desk File; also DA (typed copy, pp.) October 31, 1958: T to A (handwritten, pp.), DA anuary 7, 1959: T to A (handwritten, p.), DA anuary 22, 1959: T to A (handwritten, pp.), DA anuary 27, 1959: A to T (handwritten, pp.), PPP: Desk File; also DA (typed copy, p.) ebruary 12, 1959: A to T (typed, p.), w enclosure, “What About Berlin?” by Dean Acheson (typed, 14 pp.), PPP: Desk File; also DA (typed copy, p.) ebruary 19, 1959: T to A (handwritten, pp.), DA April 10, 1959: T to A (typed, p.), DA; also PPP: Name File (typed, p., w enclosure, A to Philip C Brooks, April 1, 1959) April 16, 1959: A to T (typed, p.), PPP: Name File; also DA (typed copy, p.) April 22, 1959: T to A (typed, p.), DA; also PPP: Name File (typed copy, p.) April 24, 1959: A to T (typed, p.), PPP: Desk File; also DA (typed copy, p.) May 14, 1959: T to A (handwritten, p.), DA May 20, 1959: A to T (handwritten, pp.), PPP: Desk File; also AF May 26, 1959: A to T (typed copy, pp.), DA May 29, 1959: A to T (handwritten, pp.), PPP: Desk File; also DA (typed copy, p.); also AF (misdated May 27) une 2, 1959: T to A (handwritten, p.), DA une 25, 1959: A to T (handwritten, pp.), PPP: Desk File; also DA (typed copy, p.) uly 12, 1959: T to A (handwritten, pp.), DA August 22, 1959: T to A (handwritten, pp.), DA; also PPP: Desk File (handwritten, pp., a slightly di erent draft from the letter in DA); also OTR August 31, 1959: A to T (handwritten, pp.), PPP: Desk File; also DA (typed copy, pp.); also AF November 24, 1959: T to A (handwritten, p.), DA November 30, 1959: A to T (handwritten, pp.), PPP: Desk File; also DA (typed copy, p.) December 15, 1959: A to T (typed, p.), PPP: Name File December 22, 1959: T to A (typed pp.), DA; also PPP: Name File (typed copy, pp.) ebruary 5, 1960: T to A (handwritten, p.), DA April 10, 1960: T to A (handwritten, pp.), DA April 14, 1960: A to T (handwritten, pp.), PPP: Desk File; also DA (typed, p.); also AF April 20, 1960: T to A (handwritten, pp.), DA May 9, 1960: T to A (typed, p.), DA; also PPP: Name File (typed copy, p.) May 23, 1960: A to T (typed, pp.), w enclosure, “The Persistence of Illusion: The Soviet Economic Drive and American National Interest,” by Townsend Hoopes, Yale Review, Spring 1960, PPP: Name File; also DA (typed copy, pp.); also AF May 27, 1960: T to A (handwritten, pp.), DA une 27, 1960: A to T (handwritten, pp.), PPP: Desk File; also DA (handwritten draft, pp., dated June 28 written over June 26, and typed draft, pp., dated June 28 written over June 26); also AF uly 9, 1960: T to A (handwritten, pp.), DA uly 17, 1960: A to T (handwritten, pp.), PPP: Desk File; also DA (typed copy, pp.); also AF August 6, 1960: T to A (handwritten, pp.), DA August 12, 1960: A to T (handwritten, pp.), PPP: Desk File; also DA (typed copy, pp.); also AF August 23, 1960: A to T (handwritten, pp.), PPP: Desk File; also DA (typed copy, p.); also AF August 26, 1960: T to A (handwritten, pp.), DA; also PPP: Desk File (draft, handwritten, pp.); also OTR (draft version of letter) eptember 14, 1960: A to T (handwritten, pp.), w enclosures, A to John F Kennedy, September 15, 1960 (typed copy, pp.), and “The President and the Secretary of State,” by DA, PPP: Desk File; also DA (typed copy, p., dated September 15) October 3, 1960: A to T (handwritten, pp.), PPP: Name File; also DA (typed copy, p.) October 9, 1960: T to A (typed, pp.), DA; also PPP: Name File (typed copy, pp.) November 21, 1960: T to A (handwritten, pp.), DA November 22, 1960: A to T (handwritten, pp.), PPP: Desk File; also DA (typed copy, p.); also AF November 26, 1960: T to A (telegram, p.), DA; also PPP: Name File (copy of telegram, p.; and handwritten draft by Truman of telegram text, p.) ebruary 6, 1961: T to A (handwritten, p.), DA March 23, 1961: A to T (typed, pp.), w enclosure, G Bernard Noble to A, PPP: Name File; also DA (typed copy, pp.) March 28, 1961: T to A (typed, p.), DA; also PPP: Name File (typed copy, p.), w enclosure, T to G Bernard Noble, March 28, 1961 May 3, 1961: A to T (handwritten, pp.), PPP: Desk File; also DA (typed copy, p.); also AF May 13, 1961: T to A (handwritten, pp.), DA une 6, 1961: A to T (typed, p.), PPP: Desk File; also DA (typed copy, p.) une 11, 1961: T to A (handwritten, pp.) une 24, 1961: A to T (handwritten, pp.), PPP: Desk File; also DA (typed copy, p.) uly 7, 1961: T to A (handwritten, pp.), DA; also PPP: Desk File (handwritten, pp., a slightly di erent version from the one in DA); also OTR uly 14, 1961: A to T (handwritten, pp.), PPP: Desk File; also DA (handwritten draft, pp.); also AF uly 18, 1961: T to A (handwritten, pp.), DA August 4, 1961: A to T (handwritten, pp.), PPP: Name File; also DA (typed copy, pp.) eptember 21, 1961: A to T (handwritten, pp.), PPP: Name File; also DA (typed copy, p.) eptember 24, 1961: T to A (handwritten, p.), DA; also PPP: Name File (handwritten copy, p.) eptember 25, 1961: T to A (handwritten, p.), DA; also PPP: Name File (typed copy of handwritten letter, p.): also OTR October 26, 1961: T to A (typed, p.), DA; also PPP: Name File (typed copy, p.) November 28, 1961: A to T (handwritten, pp.), PPP: Desk File; also DA (typed copy, p.) March 27, 1962: T, speech (handwritten, pp.), DA; also PPP: Speech File (handwritten, pp., original reading copy) April 9, 1962: A to T (typed copy, p.), DA April 20, 1962: T to A (typed copy, p.), PPP: Name File May 3, 1962: A to T (handwritten, pp.), PPP: Desk File; also DA (typed copy, p.); also AF uly 6, 1962: T to A (handwritten, pp.), DA; also PPP: Name File (handwritten copy, pp.) August 6, 1962: A to T (handwritten, pp.), PPP: Name File; also DA (typed copy, p.) August 8, 1962: A to T (typed, pp.), PPP: Name File; also DA (typed copy, pp.) October 8, 1962: A to T (handwritten, pp.), PPP: Desk File; also DA (typed copy, p.) October 12, 1962: T to A (handwritten, pp.), DA December 14, 1962: A to T (typed, p.), PPP: Name File December 18, 1962: T to A (handwritten, pp.), DA December 20, 1962: T to A (handwritten, pp.), DA anuary 19, 1963: A to T (typed copy, pp.), DA ebruary 15, 1963: T to A (typed, p.), DA; also PPP: Name File (typed copy, p.) March 9, 1963: T to A (handwritten, pp.), DA March 18, 1963: T to A (handwritten, pp.), DA March 20, 1963: A to T (typed copy, p.), DA March 29, 1963: T to A (typed copy, p.), w enclosure, T to W P Kennard, March 29, 1963 (typed copy, p.), re history’s judgment of Acheson; W P Kennard to T, March 11, 1963 (typed, p.), PPP: Name File May 6, 1963: A to T (typed copy, pp.), DA May 14, 1963: T to A (typed, p.), DA; also PPP: Name File (typed copy, p.); also OTR May 26, 1963: T to A (handwritten, pp.), DA October 16, 1964: A to T (handwritten, pp.), PPP: Name File anuary 12, 1965: T to A (typed, p.), DA; also PPP: Name File (typed copy, p.; also two typed drafts, one dated December 18, 1964, p.) uly 10, 1965: A to T (handwritten, pp.; also typed copy, p.), PPP: Name File; also DA (typed copy, p.) August 4, 1965: T to A (typed, p.), DA; also PPP: Name File (typed copy, p.) November 16, 1965: T to A (typed copy, p.), w enclosure, “Acheson’s Contributions Re ected in Autobiography,” review of Morning and Noon by Dean Acheson, by William McChesney Martin, Jr., PPP: Name File December 1, 1965: A to T (typed, p.), PPP: Name File; also DA (typed copy, p.) December 10, 1965: T to A (typed, p.), DA; also PPP: Name File (typed copy, p.; also a second typed copy of the body of the letter only, p.) une 8, 1966: T to A (typed copy, p.), w enclosures, letters, Frank F Jestrab to A, May 12, 1966, A to Rose Conway, May 16, 1966, and A to Frank E Jestrab, May 16, 1966, PPP: Name File une 28, 1966: A to T (typed, pp.), w enclosure, draft letter (by A) from T to Senator Jackson, n.d (typed, pp.), PPP: Name File uly 26, 1966: T to A (typed copy, p.), w enclosures, T to Henry M Jackson, July 26, 1966 (typed copy, p.), re need for continued support for NATO, PPP: Name File eptember 30, 1966: T to A (telegram, p.), w enclosure, obituary for Edward C Acheson, PPP: Name File October 3, 1966: A to T (handwritten, pp.), PPP: Name File; also AF October 19, 1966: T to A (typed copy, p.), PPP: Name File November 16, 1966: A to T (handwritten, pp.), w enclosures, “Matter of Fact: ‘Never Again Panmunjom,’ ” by Joseph Alsop, PPP: Name File November 21, 1966: T to A (typed copy, p.), w enclosures, memorandum, David Noyes to T, November 21, 1966, re search of documents re standstill order in Korea; Noyes enclosing letters, T to Joseph Alsop, March 19, 1965, and Joseph Alsop to T, March 12, 1965, PPP: Name File December 5, 1966: A to T (handwritten, pp.), w enclosure, M B Ridgway to A, November 21, 1966 (typed copy, pp.), PPP: Name File December 17, 1966: A to T (handwritten, pp.), PPP: Name File anuary 23, 1967: T to A (typed, p.), DA; also PPP: Name File (typed copy, p.) April 17, 1967: T to A (typed, p.), DA; also PPP: Name File (typed copy, p.) April 21, 1967: A to T (handwritten, pp.; also typed copy, p.), PPP: Name File; also AF May 7, 1968: A and Alice Acheson to T (telegram, p.), PPP: Name File ebruary 28, 1969: A to T (handwritten, pp.), w enclosure, “His Boss Was Tops,” by Franz Daniel, Spring eld News Leader, October 29, 1971, PPP: Name File March 10, 1969: T to A (typed, p.), DA; also PPP: Name File (typed copy, p.) August 12, 1969: A to T (typed, p.), PPP: Name File; also DA (typed copy, p.) August 27, 1969: T to A (typed copy, p.), PPP: Name File eptember 3, 1969: A to T (handwritten, p.), PPP: Name File eptember 15, 1969: T to A (typed copy, p.; also typed draft, p.), PPP: Name File May 6, 1971: A to T (handwritten, pp.), PPP: Name File May 14, 1971: T to A (typed, p.), DA; also PPP: Name File (typed copy, p.) October 13, 1971: T (press release, p.), PPP: Name File Harry Truman shakes hands with Dean Acheson on January 21, 1949, as Mrs Acheson looks on The Achesons were leaving for the Big Three meeting on Western European unity in Paris ... correspondence of Harry S Truman and Dean Acheson, 1953–1971 / by Harry S Truman and Dean Acheson ; edited by Ray Geselbracht and David C Acheson. —1st ed p cm eISBN: 978-0-307-59462-4 Truman, Harry S. , 1884–1972—Correspondence... themselves as oldsters, to use Truman s word He was sixty-nine, Acheson, sixty, and they seemed still, as they had at the summit of their careers, as incongruous a pair as might be imagined, separated... Mrs Acheson Sincerely yours, Harry S Truman Truman sent Acheson a second letter the same day, this one concerning some last-minute State Department business February 7, 1953 Dear Dean: Thanks