Intentional Interviewing and Counseling: Facilitating Client Development in a Multicultural Society 9th Edition Allen E Ivey Mary Bradford Ivey Carlos P Zalaquett Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved Chapter Ethics, Multicultural Competence, Neuroscience, and Positive Psychology/Resilience Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved Chapter Goals and Competency Objectives Awareness and Knowledge ▲  Develop an understanding of the basics of ethical counseling and therapy practice ▲ Examine your identity as a multicultural being, how dimensions of diversity and privilege may affect the session, and the central importance of multicultural competence ▲ Identify multicultural strengths in clients as a path toward wellness and resilience ▲ Identify wellness as an ethical practice Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved Chapter Goals and Competency Objectives (cont.) Skills and Action ▲ Use the RESPECTFUL model for encountering multicultural difference ▲ Understand the meaning and depth of microaggressions and have beginning skills in working with clients who experience this treatment ▲ Define and apply positive psychology and wellness as a basis for fostering and building client resilience ▲ Use therapeutic lifestyle changes (TLC) as positive wellness strategies in the session for physical and mental health Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved Introduction: Ethics and the Counseling and Psychotherapy Process ▲ Ethics are thoughtful professional lists of dos and don’ts for our profession ▲ Ethical codes can be summarized as “Do no harm to your clients; treat them responsibly with full awareness of the social responsibility of helping.” ▲ Morals are individual principles by which we live that define our beliefs about right and wrong Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved Introduction: Ethics and the Counseling and Psychotherapy Process (cont.) The anticipated client response to professional ethics is: ▲Greater trust ▲Acknowledgment that personal actions count ▲Examination of his or her own moral and ethical decisions Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved Ethics and Responsibility: A Summary ▲ Maintain confidentiality ▲ Recognize your limitations ▲ Remain in consultation with your professor, workshop leader, or mentor ▲ Be aware of individual and cultural differences ▲ Remember the golden and platinum rules ▲ Give special attention to the ethical treatment of children and their rights Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved Multicultural Competence ▲ Multicultural competence is imperative ▲ Awareness of our clients’ multicultural backgrounds enables us to understand their uniqueness more fully ▲ Without awareness, we fail to establish good client relationships ▲ Interviewing and counseling are global phenomena ▲ Our field is a global force in “Psychological Liberation.” Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved RESPECTFUL Interviewing and Counseling ▲ RESPECTFUL interviewing and counseling enable us to discover the multiple voices our clients bring to us ▲ The model enables us to identify the past and present voices that affect our own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors ▲ Identify what is meaningful in the way you think about yourself ▲ Look at the list as a source of information about your own and your clients’ resilience ▲ Watch for the possibility of cultural and historical trauma in each of the RESPECTFUL dimensions The RESPECTFUL Model ▲ Religion/Spirituality ▲ Economic/Class Background ▲ Sexual Identity ▲ Personal Style and Education ▲ Ethnic/Racial Identity ▲ Chronological/Lifespan Status ▲ Trauma/Crisis ▲ Family Background/History ▲ Unique Physical Characteristics ▲ Location of Residence/Language Models Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved The Soul Wound ▲ The intergeneration transmission of trauma was first identified by Israeli researchers examining the lives of second- and third-generation descendants of survivors of the Nazi Holocaust ▲ The trauma of severe abusive treatment can persist over generations ▲ Traumatic wounds not disappear over time but remain “in the soul.” ▲ Survivors exhibit increased depression and psychiatric issues and may attempt or commit suicide ▲ We empower clients by building resilience and focusing on existing personal and family strengths ▲ A critical part of empowering clients is facilitating understanding of cultural pride, cultural health, and cultural identity Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved Privilege ▲ Privilege is power given to people through cultural assumptions and stereotypes ▲ Being in some RESPECTFUL categories offers immediate privilege ▲ Income inequality is now recognized as a central multicultural issue ▲ An active teaching, consulting, coaching role is needed on the part of the counselor ▲ We need to avoid stereotyping one group’s cultural identity ▲ Increasing awareness of societal privilege is needed Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved Political Correctness ▲Political correctness is controversial ▲Respect for others is essential ▲Interviewers and counselors are encouraged to use empathic language and terminology their clients prefer ▲Knowledge of the language of nationalism and regional characteristics is helpful Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved Awareness ▲ Awareness of yourself as a cultural being is a vital beginning to authenticity ▲ Be aware of your own assumptions, values, and biases ▲ Have you experienced cultural trauma and microaggressions? How has this affected your sense of trust in others–both individuals and groups? ▲ Refer to the RESPECTFUL model Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved Knowledge: Worldview ▲ Understand the worldview of the culturally different client ▲ Worldview is the way you and your client understand the world ▲ People from different backgrounds have vastly different philosophical views ▲ Traditional approaches to counseling theory and skills may be inappropriate and/or ineffective with some clients Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved Positive Psychology and TLCs: Building Client Resilience ▲Helping clients recognize their strengths and resources provides a basis for solving their issues ▲Searching for the positive does not deny clients’ concerns and challenges ▲Strengths will eventually be part of the solution Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved Positive Psychology and TLCs: Resilience and Optimism ▲Positive psychology aims to increase both resilience and optimism ▲Optimism: hope, confidence, and cheerfulness; trust in oneself, personal power, and belief in the future ▲Resilience: the ability to bounce back from setbacks, temporary failure, and early or late trauma Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved Building Resilience through Strengths and Resources ▲ In recent years the field of counseling has developed an extensive body of research and knowledge supporting the importance of positive psychology ▲ We need stories of strength and success ▲ Find something the client is doing right and discover his or her resources and supports ▲ Engagement is more important than happiness in terms of life satisfaction Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved TLCs for Stress Management: Important Areas to Consider ▲ Physical exercise ▲ Nutrition, weight, and supplements ▲ Social relations ▲ Cognitive challenge ▲ Sleep ▲ Meditation and relaxation ▲ Multicultural pride and cultural identity Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved TLCs for Stress Management: Additional Important Areas to Consider ▲ Drugs and alcohol ▲ Medication and supplements ▲ Positive thinking/optimism, happiness ▲ Beliefs, values, and spirituality ▲ Nature breaks ▲ No smoking ▲ Control screen time ▲ Art, music, dance, literature Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved Key Points ▲ Ethics and the Counseling and Psychotherapy Process ▲ Multicultural Competence ▲ The RESPECTFUL Model ▲ The Soul Wound and Historical Trauma ▲ Privilege as a Multicultural Interviewing Issue ▲ Microaggressions ▲ Awareness, Knowledge, Skills, and Action for Multicultural Competence ▲ Political Correctness ▲ Bias and Prejudice Wound Clients’ Soul and Affect Their Brain ▲ Positive Psychology: Building Client Resilience ▲ Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes: Specifics on Which to Build Wellness for Lifetime Resilience Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved  ... RESPECTFUL Interviewing and Counseling ▲ RESPECTFUL interviewing and counseling enable us to discover the multiple voices our clients bring to us ▲ The model enables us to identify the past and present... Chapter Goals and Competency Objectives (cont.) Skills and Action ▲ Use the RESPECTFUL model for encountering multicultural difference ▲ Understand the meaning and depth of microaggressions and. .. physical and mental health Copyright © 2018 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved Introduction: Ethics and the Counseling and Psychotherapy Process ▲ Ethics are thoughtful professional lists of dos and