Aggregate Gradation Gradation Analysis percent coarser or percent retained percent finer or percent pas sin g CIVL 3137               Percentages are calculated by mass 38 Gradation Chart Percent Passing 100 80 60 Total mass percent passing each sieve 40 20 Opening Size (mm) CIVL 3137 39 Gradation Chart Percent Passing 100 80 60 Total mass percent passing each sieve 40 20 Opening Size (mm) CIVL 3137 40 Sieves CIVL 3137 41 Shakers Gilson Shaker CIVL 3137 Mary Ann Shaker 42 Sieve Sizes CIVL 3137 43 Gradation Chart 1ẵ" ắ" Percent Passing (%) 100 3/ " 8 16 30 50 100 200 80 60 40 20 100 10 0.1 0.01 Opening Size (mm) CIVL 3137 47 Gradation Example Gradation Example Gap-Graded Aggregate Missing middle sizes No grain-to-grain contact Moderate void content Moderate permeability Low stability Easy to compact CIVL 3137 56 Dense-Graded Aggregate 1ẵ" ắ" Percent Passing 100 3/ " 8 16 30 50 100 200 80 60 40 Dense graded gravel 20 100 10 0.1 0.01 Opening Size (mm) CIVL 3137 57 Dense-Graded Aggregate Wide range of sizes Grain-to-grain contact Low void content Low permeability High stability Difficult to compact CIVL 3137 58 Fuller’s Curve Fuller, W.B and Thompson, S.E “The laws of proportioning concrete," Transactions of the ASCE, v 159, 1907  di  pi    D CIVL 3137 0.50 pi = percent passing ith sieve di = opening size of ith sieve D = maximum particle size 59 CIVL 3137 60 Maximum Density Curve In 1962 FHWA published a modified version of Fuller’s equation with a different exponent  di  pi    D CIVL 3137 0.45 0.50 pi = percent passing ith sieve di = opening size of ith sieve D = maximum particle size 61 CIVL 3137 62 Dense-Graded Aggregate 1ẵ" ắ" Percent Passing 100 3/ " 8 16 30 50 100 200 80 TDOT 411-D 60 Maximum Density Curve for ½" NMAS 40 20 100 10 0.1 0.01 Opening Size (mm) CIVL 3137 65 Dense-Graded Aggregate 200 Percent Passing 100 30 3/ " 1/ " 5/ " ¾" 80 TDOT 411-D 60 Maximum Density Curve for ½“ NMAS 40 20 0 Opening Size (mm) Raised to the 0.45 Power CIVL 3137 66 Aggregate Sampling CIVL 3137 67 Aggregate Sampling CIVL 3137 68 Aggregate Sampling CIVL 3137 69 Minimum Sample Size CIVL 3137 70 Sample Quartering CIVL 3137 71 Sample Splitting CIVL 3137 72 ... 3137 62 Dense-Graded Aggregate 1ẵ" ắ" Percent Passing 100 3/ " 8 16 30 50 100 20 0 80 TDOT 411-D 60 Maximum Density Curve for ½" NMAS 40 20 100 10 0.1 0.01 Opening Size (mm) CIVL 3137 65 Dense-Graded... Grain-to-grain contact High void content High permeability Low stability Difficult to compact CIVL 3137 51 Open-Graded Aggregate 1ẵ" ắ" Percent Passing 100 3/ " 8 16 30 50 100 20 0 Open graded sand... 20 0 Open graded sand 80 60 Open graded gravel 40 20 100 10 0.1 0.01 Opening Size (mm) CIVL 3137 52 Open-Graded Aggregate Few fine particles Grain-to-grain contact High void content High permeability