Presidential healthcare reform rhetoric

326 225 0
Presidential healthcare reform rhetoric

Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)

Tài liệu hạn chế xem trước, để xem đầy đủ mời bạn chọn Tải xuống

Thông tin tài liệu

RHETORIC, POLITICS AND SOCIETY GENERAL EDITORS: A Finlayson; J Martin; K Phillips PRESIDENTIAL HEALTHCARE REFORM RHETORIC Continuity, Change & Contested Values from Truman to Obama Noam Schimmel Rhetoric, Politics and Society Series Editors Alan Finlayson University of East Anglia, UK James Martin Goldsmiths, University of London, UK Kendall Phillips University of Syracuse, USA Aim of the Series Rhetoric lies at the intersection of a variety of disciplinary approaches and methods, drawing upon the study of language, history, culture and philosophy to understand the persuasive aspects of communication in all its modes: spoken, written, argued, depicted and performed This series presents the best international research in rhetoric that develops and exemplifies the multifaceted and cross-disciplinary exploration of practices of persuasion and communication It seeks to publish texts that openly explore and expand rhetorical knowledge and enquiry, be it in the form of historical scholarship, theoretical analysis or contemporary cultural and political critique The editors welcome proposals for monographs that explore contemporary rhetorical forms, rhetorical theories and thinkers, and rhetorical themes inside and across disciplinary boundaries For informal enquiries, questions, as well as submitting proposals, please contact the editors: Alan Finlayson: a.finlayson@uea.ac.uk James Martin: j.martin@gold.ac.uk Kendall Phillips: kphillip@syr.edu More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/14497 Noam Schimmel Presidential Healthcare Reform Rhetoric Continuity, Change & Contested Values from Truman to Obama Noam Schimmel Kellogg College University of Oxford UK Rhetoric, Politics and Society ISBN 978-3-319-32959-8 ISBN 978-3-319-32960-4 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-32960-4 (eBook) Library of Congress Control Number: 2016948748 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2016 This work is subject to copyright All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made Cover illustration © Tetra Images / Getty Printed on acid-free paper This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland PRAISE FOR THIS BOOK ‘Contrasting the broader, more organic conception of the state as articulated by Presidents Truman and Johnson, with a more limited version espoused by Presidents Clinton and Obama, Schimmel uses health reform as an able foil to get at deeper skirmishes in a divided society We would all well to listen as carefully to our elected leaders as Dr Schimmel does.’ —Professor Jonathan Engel, CUNY, USA ‘Noam Schimmel shows how the way we talk about American social policy has changed dramatically over the last 70 years from talk of rights and moral obligation to talk of efficiency and individual responsibility Through the prism of health care policy, we see vividly how profoundly the conservatism of the 1970s and 1980s has affected Americans’ view of themselves and their society.’ —Professor Emeritus David Zarefsky, Northwestern University, USA ‘Noam Schimmel has written a genuinely innovative book on the history of American disputes over what used to be known as national health insurance Combining the scholarship of rhetoric with political portraiture of the moral and practical presumptions of reformers and their critics, Schimmel has informed our understanding by exposing the assumptions of Presidents from Truman to Obama.’ —Professor Emeritus Theodore Marmor, Yale University, USA v vi PRAISE FOR THIS BOOK ‘Noam Schimmel’s cogently argued and elegantly written monograph casts important light on the rhetorical strategies liberal Democratic presidents have employed to justify healthcare reform against conservative critiques of big government A must read book for students of the presidency and an important contribution to political science.’ —Professor Iwan Morgan, University College London, UK ‘This is a milestone in rhetoric analysis and healthcare policy studies It is the first of its kind to examine historical change in presidential discourse on healthcare It is also the first to trace down and map out how historical change in healthcare discourse is associated with broader change in American political culture, moral norms, and social imaginaries And it does so in a rhetorical style that is itself eloquent, precise, and persuasive A must-read.’ —Professor Lilie Chouliaraki, London School of Economics, UK To the Teachers of Newton North High School and the Newton Public Schools with Love and Gratitude for an Extraordinary Education ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Kellogg College, at Oxford University, has been an ideal research environment for developing and revising this manuscript and undertaking further research I am grateful for the Visiting Fellowship Kellogg College has provided me during the 2015–2017 academic years, and for the care and friendly and receptive way in which they have welcomed me to Oxford and to life in college, and the opportunity they have given me to participate in the incredibly diverse and energizing seminars, lectures, and cultural programs on offer at Oxford It is a great pleasure to be a part of the Kellogg community Thank you to Professor Nazila Ghanea, of Kellogg College and Oxford’s Masters in International Human Rights Law program, for helping make this visiting fellowship possible with her characteristic kindness, warmth, and goodness Thank you also to Professor Andrew Shacknove, co-director of Oxford’s Masters in International Human Rights Law with Nazila, whose teaching, leadership, and conversations have taught me so much and have given form and direction to my human rights research, and whose gentle smile, wisdom, and humane and humble manner make him the best ambassador Oxford could have I am honored to be your student and grateful for your sensitivity toward the needs and perspectives of students and your receptiveness to us The Masters program was a superlative experience in so many ways— educational, social, and experiential—and the beauty and magic of Oxford permeated it throughout The program enriched my understanding of human rights enormously and was a great pleasure that will continue to influence my research, writing, and teaching My cohort was extraordinarily inspiring in their commitment to human rights, as well as their ix BIBLIOGRAPHY 299 Robin, Toner, and Janet Elder 2007 Most support guarantee of health care The New  York Times, March “http://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/02/ washington/02poll.html?pagewanted=all Robinson, Dean 2007 US health and health care: Does political inequality make us sick? New Political Science 29: 529–534 Rogers-Dillon, Robin 1995 The dynamics of welfare stigma Qualitative Sociology 18: 439–456 Roosevelt, Franklin Delano The economic bill of rights http://www.fdrheritage org/bill_of_rights.htm Roosevelt, Franklin Delano 1944 State of the union message to Congress January 11 http://www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu/archives/address_text.html Rosenberg, Tina 2012 In Rwanda, health care coverage that eludes the US The New York Times, July http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/07/03/ rwandas-health-care-miracle Ross, Bertram 1968 A great society New York: Basic Books Rothman, David 1994 A century of failure: Class barriers to reform In The politics of health care reform: Lessons from the past, prospects for the future, ed James Morone and Gary Belkin Durham: Durham University Press Rowland, Robert 2011 Barack Obama and the revitalization of public reason Rhetoric and Public Affairs 14: 693–725 Rowland, Robert, and John Jones 2007 Recasting the American dream and American politics: Barack Obama’s keynote address to the 2004 Democratic National Convention Quarterly Journal of Speech 93: 425–448 Rowland, Robert, and John Jones 2011 One dream: Barack Obama, race, and the American dream Rhetoric and Public Affairs 14: 125–154 Roy, Avik 2011 Why Switzerland has the world’s best healthcare system Forbes, April 29 http://www.forbes.com/sites/aroy/2011/04/29/why-switzerlandhas-the-worlds-best-health-care-system/ Rubio, Marco 2015 Campaign website “It’s time to repeal and replace Obamacare https://marcorubio.com/issues/repeal-obamacare-and-replace-itwith-this/ Rutenberg, Jim, and Jackie Calmes False death panel rumor has familiar roots http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/14/health/policy/14panel.html?_r=0 Rutenberg, Jim, and Ashley Parker 2012 Romney says remarks on voters helps clarify position The New  York Times, September 18 http://www.nytimes com/2012/09/19/us/politics/in-leaked-video-romney-says-middle-eastpeace-process-likely-to-remain-unsolved-problem.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 Ryan, Paul House 2012 Campaign Website and related policy and political ideology statements http://budget.house.gov/prosperity/truthonmedicare.htm; http://budget.house.gov/prosperity/fy2013.htm; Ryan, Paul; http://www ontheissues.org/2012_RNC.htm Sack, Kevin 2011 Federal judge rules that health law violates constitution The New York Times, January 31 300 BIBLIOGRAPHY Sandel, Michael 2012 What money can’t buy: The moral limits of markets New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux Sanger-Katz, Margot 2016 Lost jobs, houses, savings: Even insured often face crushing medical debt The New York Times, January Schremmer, Robert, and Jane Knapp 2011 Harry Truman and health care reform: The debate started here Pediatrics 127: 399–401 Schuldes, Martin 2012 Retrenchment in the American welfare state: The Reagan and Clinton administrations in comparative perspective London: LIT Verlag Scott, A.O 2010 Hollywood’s class warfare The New York Times, December 22 Sharp, Joanne 1996 Hegemony, popular culture, and politics: The reader’s digest and the construction of danger Political Geography 15: 557–570 Shear, Michael 2013 Ad campaigns compete as health law rollout looms The New York Times, September 21 http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/22/us/ politics/reignited-battle-over-health-law.html?pagewanted=all Shear, Michael, and Michael Barbaro 2012 In video clip, Romney calls 47% ‘dependent’ and feeling entitled The New York Times, September 17 http:// thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/09/17/romney-faultsthose-dependent-on-government/ Shipler, David 2004 The working poor: Invisible in America New York: Knopf Shugart, Helene 1997 Counterhegemonic acts: Appropriation as a feminist rhetorical strategy Quarterly Journal of Speech 83: 210–229 ‘Sick around the world.’ Five capitalist democracies and how they it http:// www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/sickaroundtheworld/countries/ Skocpol, Theda 1994 From social security to health security? Opinion and rhetoric in US social policy making Political Science and Politics 27: 21–25 Skocpol, Theda 1995 Social policy in the United States: Future policies in a historical perspective Princeton: Princeton University Press Skocpol, Theda 1996 Boomerang: Clinton’s health security effort and the turn against government in US politics New York: W.W. Norton Skowronek, Stephen 1997 The politics presidents make: Leadership from John Adams to Bill Clinton Boston: Harvard University Press Smith, Steven Rathgeb 1995 The role of institutions and ideas in health care policy Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law 20: 385–389 Smith, David 2002 Entitlement politics: Medicare and Medicaid 1995–2001 Piscataway: Aldine Transaction Smith, David, and Judith Moore 2010 Medicaid: Politics and policy, 1965–2007 Piscataway: Transaction Publishers Socialized medicine: A medical OPA 1949 p.  Taft Papers, Box 643, File: Health: − National Program for Medical Care (S 1679–S.1581) Special message to the congress presenting a 21 point program for the reconversion period September 6, 1945 http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index php?pid=12359#axzz1i5Jaak8q BIBLIOGRAPHY 301 Starr, Paul 1995 What happened to healthcare reform? The American Prospect 20: 20–21 Starr, Paul 2011 Remedy and reaction: The peculiar American struggle over health care reform New Haven: Yale University Press Statement on Truman Health Plan 1949 Journal of the American Medical Association 146: 114 Steinhauser, Paul 2009 Poll indicates generational split over health care CNN Politics, August 05 http://articles.cnn.com/2009-08-05/politics/health care.poll_1_health-care-obama-s-plan-national-poll?_s=PM:POLITICS Steinmo, Sven, and Jon Watts 1995 It’s the institutions, stupid! Why comprehensive national health insurance always fails in America Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law 20: 329–372 Stone, Peter 2010 Health insurers funded chamber attack ads National Journal, January 12 www.undertheinfluence.nationaljournal.com/2010/01/healthinsurers-funded-chamber.php Stuckey, Mary 2003 The domain of public conscience: Woodrow Wilson and the establishment of a transcendent political order Rhetoric and Public Affairs 6: 1–23 Stuckey, Mary 2004 Defining Americans: The presidency and national identity Lawrence: University Press of Kansas Stuckey, Mary 2006 Establishing the rhetorical presidency through presidential rhetoric: Theodore Roosevelt and the Brownsville Raid Quarterly Journal of Speech 92: 287–309 Stuckey, Mary 2008 Jimmy Carter, human rights, and the national agenda College Station: Texas A & M University Press Stuckey, Mary 2012 FDR, the rhetoric of vision, and the creation of a national synoptic state Quarterly Journal of Speech 98: 297–319 Sullivan, Dale 1993 The ethos of epideictic encounter Philosophy and Rhetoric 26: 113–133 Sullivan, Teresa, Elizabeth Warren, and Jay Westbrook 2001 The fragile middle class: Americans in debt New Haven: Yale University Press Talbot, Margaret Is it dangerous to talk about the middle class? The New Yorker http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/comment/2012/07/obamaand-the-middle-class.html Taylor, Charles 2002 Modern social imaginaries Public Culture 14: 91–124 Teixera, Ruy 2009 New progressive America Center for American Progress, March2009 http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2009/03/pdf/progressive_america.pdf Terril, Robert 2009 Unity and duality in Barack Obama’s ‘a more perfect union Quarterly Journal of Speech 95: 363–386 Terris, Milton 1999 Health insurance in the United States: A drama in too many acts Journal of Public Health Policy 20: 13–35 302 BIBLIOGRAPHY Teten, Ryan 2003 Evolution of the modern rhetorical presidency: Presidential presentation and development of the state of the union address Presidential Studies Quarterly 33: 333–346 Text of LBJ Speeches as Read by NEA Executive Committee http://www.nea org/grants/40182.htm The Republican Response to the State of the Union 2010 The New York Times, January 27 http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/28/us/politics/28mcdonnell text.html The Responsive Communitarian Platform The Communitarian Network www communitariannetwork.org/RCPtext.html The Upshot Two Americas on health care, and danger of further division The New  York Times http://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/24/upshot/twoamericas-on-health-care-and-danger-of-further-division.html?abt=0002&abg=1 Thompson, Derek 2012 Is $250,000 a year really ‘middle  – income?’ The Atlantic, September 14 http://www.theatlantic.com/business/ archive/2012/09/is-250-000-a-year-really-middle-income/262402/ Triadafilopoulos, Triadafilos 1999 Politics, speech, and the art of persuasion: Toward an Aristotelian conception of the public sphere Journal of Politics 61: 741–757 Truman, Harry Truman’s special message to the congress recommending a comprehensive health program http://www.trumanlibrary.org/publicpapers/ index.php?pid=483&st=&st1=“President Truman’s Proposed Health Program; http://www.trumanlibrary.org/anniversaries/healthprogram.htm Truman, Harry 1948 Remarks at the national health assembly dinner May http://www.trumanlibrary.org/publicpapers/viewpapers.php?pid=1612 Trumbull, Mark 2012 Health-care reform: What polls say ahead of a supreme court ruling Christian Science Monitor, June 22 Tulis, Jeffrey 1987 The rhetorical presidency Princeton: Princeton University Press UNHCR UN Refugee Agency Preamble to the Constitution of 27 October, 1946, Republic of France http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,,NATLE GBOD,,FRA,,3ae6b56910,0.html United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child http://www.unicef.org/ crc/index_30229.html United Nations International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/edumat/hreduseries/tb1b/Section1/ tb1-3.htm h Universal Declaration of Human Rights http://www.un.org/en/documents/ udhr/ Urban Institute Health Policy Center 2014 Health Reform Monitoring Survey Quick take: Number of uninsured adults falls by 5.4 million since 2013 April http://hrms.urban.org/quicktakes/changeInUninsurance.html BIBLIOGRAPHY 303 US Declaration of Independence http://www.ushistory.org/declaration/ document/ US Department of Commerce 2010 Middle class in America January http:// www.commerce.gov/sites/default/files/documents/migrated/Middle%20 Class%20Report.pdf US Department of Health and Human Services The affordable care act is working http://www.hhs.gov/healthcare/facts-and-features/fact-sheets/aca-isworking/index.html Van Dijk, Teun Critical discourse analysis http://www.hum.uva.nl/~teun/cda htm Van Dijk, Teun 1993 Principles of critical discourse analysis Discourse and Society 4: 249–283 Van Dijk, Teun 2000 Ideology: A multidisciplinary approach Los Angeles: Sage Van Dijk, Teun 2008 Critical discourse analysis and nominalization: A problem or pseudo-problem? Discourse and Society 19: 821–828 Vickers, Brian 1989 In defense of rhetoric Oxford: Oxford University Press Vidich, Arthur 1994 The new middle classes: Social, psychological, and political issues New York: New York University Press Warren, Mark 2009 Bill Clinton then and now: The Esquire interview Esquire, September http://www.esquire.com/features/bill-clinton-interview-1009-2 Washington Post Staff 2010 Landmark: The inside story of America’s new health care law and what it means for us all New York: Public Affairs Weisman, Jonathan 2014 Repeal of health law, once central to G.O.P., is side issue in campaigns The New  York Times, October 31 http://www.nytimes com/2014/11/01/us/politics/repeal-of-health-law-once-central-to-gop-isside-issue-in-campaigns.html?module=Search&mabReward=relbias%3Aw%2C %7B%221%22%3A%22RI%3A6%22%7D Weiss, Gilbert, and Ruth Wodak 2003 Critical discourse analysis: Theory and interdisciplinarity New York: Palgrave Macmillan Weissman, Jordan 2012 Why are republicans waging war on food stamps now? The Atlantic, June 12 http://www.theatlantic.com/business/ archive/2012/06/why-are-republicans-waging-war-on-food-stampsnow/258794/ West, Mark, and Chris Carey 2006 (Re)enacting frontier justice: The Bush administration’s tactical narration of the old West fantasy after September 11 Quarterly Journal of Speech 92: 379–412 Westen, Drew 2008 The political brain: The role of emotion in deciding the fate of the nation New York: Public Affairs White, Eugene 1968 Presidential rhetoric: The state of the union address Quarterly Journal of Speech 54: 71–76 White, Joseph 1995 Competing solutions: American health care proposals and international experience Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press 304 BIBLIOGRAPHY Wilper, Andrew, Steffie Woolhandler, Karen Lasser, Danny McCormick, David Bor, and David Himmelstein 2009 Health insurance and mortality in US adults American Journal of Public Health 99: 2289–2295 Wilsford, David 1994 Path dependency, or why history makes it difficult but not impossible to reform health care systems in a big way Journal of Public Policy 14: 252–283 Winograd, Morley, and Michael Hais 2011 Millenial momentum: How a new generation is remaking America Piscataway: Rutgers University Press Wodak, Ruth 2009 The discourse of politics in action: Politics as usual, vol 35 London: Palgrave Macmillan Wolfarth, Donald 1961 John F. Kennedy in the tradition of inaugural speeches Quarterly Journal of Speech 47: 124–132 World Health Organization Assesses the World’s Health Systems http://www who.int/whr/2000/media_centre/press_release/en/index.html Yoshino, Kenji 2007 Covering: The hidden assault on our civil rights New York: Random House Younge, Gary 2011 Wisconsin is making the battle lines clear in America’s hidden class war The Guardian, February 27 http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/feb/27/republican-attack-unions-class-wisconsin Yuhas, Alan 2015 Obama weighs in on ‘fearless’ Sanders and ‘wicked smart’ Clinton Guardian, January 26 http://www.theguardian.com/us-ews/2016/ jan/25/barack-obama-interview-us-election-2016-republicans-bernie-sandershillary-clinton Yuravlivker, Dror 2006 Peace without conquest: Lyndon Johnson’s speech of April 7, 1965 Presidential Studies Quarterly 36: 457–481 Zarefsky, David 1986 President Johnson’s war on poverty: Rhetoric and history Birmingham: University of Alabama Press Zarefsky, David 2004 Presidential rhetoric and the power of definition Presidential Studies Quarterly 34: 607–619 Zeleny, Jeff 2010 Obama plans bipartisan summit on healthcare The New  York Times, February http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/08/us/ politics/08webobama.html INDEX A Affordable Care Act, 3, 19–22, 27n40, 32n86, 51, 53–8, 62n31, 248n8, 249n15, 255–9, 263–71, 272n5, 273n14, 274n18, 275n31–4, 277n37 African-Americans, 49, 54, 55, 66n73, 80, 144, 149, 158, 170n7, 226, 256–7 American Chamber of Commerce, 43, 62n37, 69n107, 204 American Enterprise Institute, 249n11 American Federation of Labor, 47 American Medical Association (AMA), 37, 44–7, 54, 58, 59n2, 63n52, 64n56, 68n92, 204, 256 Anderson, Benedict, 86, 87, 105n73 anticipatory rhetoric, 137, 221, 246 appropriation of conservative rhetoric, 181, 188 Aristotle, 71, 72, 82, 99, 100n6, 104n52 Asad, Talal, 30n67, 103n44 authoritarianism, 45 B bankruptcy, 43, 197, 200, 219, 231, 232 Bill of Rights, 12, 17, 18, 59n2, 80, 116–18, 120, 122, 139n11, 187, 241 bipartisanship, 75n7, 187, 189, 199–200, 210, 219, 220, 224, 232, 235–7, 241, 246, 262 Bismarck, 17, 31n77 Blair, Tony, 182–3 Burke, Kenneth, 71–3, 82, 85, 99n2, 100n8–10, 100n13, 100n15, 104n55, 105n66, 105n68 Bush, George W., 5, 24n12, 43 business, 6, 19, 27n40, 37, 42, 44, 46–8, 51, 61n20, 63n48, 63n54, 64n56, 67n85, 69n107, 115, 123, 183, 184, 188–91, 197, 202–5, 207, 209, 215n33, 226, 227, 229, 230, 250n26, 256, 270–1 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2016 Noam Schimmel, Presidential Healthcare Reform Rhetoric, Rhetoric, Politics and Society, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-32960-4 305 306 INDEX C Calhoun, Craig, 94–7, 109n100, 109n102, 110n106 California, 37, 205, 268 Carter, Jimmy, 36, 60n7 Chapman, Audrey, 15, 28n54, 29n59, 30n68, 30n71 Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP), 39, 52, 53, 57, 61n22, 140n28 civil and political rights, 13, 14, 18, 116, 117, 136 Civil Rights Act, 80, 157–8, 168, 170n8, 173n34 Civil Rights movement, 23n6, 80, 86 classicism, 72 Clinton, Bill, 1, 4, 8, 10, 11, 14, 15, 21, 22, 24n10, 37–9, 41–4, 47, 54, 55, 58, 69n107, 90, 96, 100n3, 123, 127, 134, 137, 138, 141n38, 143, 153, 154, 157, 162, 168, 177–85, 187–210, 212n14, 212n16, 213n20, 218, 231, 247, 258, 260–63, 265 Clinton, Hilary, 265, 272n8 Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 81 communism, 42, 45, 57, 59n2, 62n31, 130 communitarianism, 15, 16, 138n6, 147, 171n18, 210, 244, 245 community, 9, 45, 50, 51, 60n5, 69n107, 79–83, 85–7, 89, 93, 94, 102n29, 103n38, 103n46, 105n66, 113, 121, 132, 143, 145, 147–50, 154, 156, 160, 168, 171n18, 178, 218, 219, 237, 250n29 compassion, 163, 166, 175n52, 220, 225, 240–2, 246, 251n34 conciliation, 75n7, 85, 187, 219, 220, 224, 225, 231–46, 248n9 Congress, 4, 8, 9, 12, 15, 17, 21–2, 35, 37–9, 46, 55, 56, 58, 61n20, 65n60, 67n87, 68n92, 68n93, 111–44, 152, 155, 159, 160, 164, 165, 177–254, 256, 263, 266–8, 275n31 conservative, 2, 4–7, 10, 11, 16, 17, 21, 23n3, 23n4, 26n35, 27n36, 27n41, 34n95, 35–69, 74, 77, 80, 89, 94, 97, 104n56, 109n56, 109n97, 113, 115, 124, 125, 127–30, 137, 159–61, 174n43, 178–86, 188, 192, 195, 196, 203–10, 211n2, 211n5, 213n21, 214n25, 215n33, 220–2, 224–7, 233–5, 237–41, 244–7, 251n43, 252n60, 255, 257, 259–61, 263, 265, 267–8, 274n18 constitution, 1, 12, 13, 16–19, 31n78, 31n83, 80, 187 corporations, 36, 47–8, 53, 54, 57–9, 64n56, 85, 197, 204, 207 critical discourse analysis (CDA), 91–3, 102n27, 103n45, 105n61, 109n99 Cruz, Tez, D Daschle, Tom, 26n26, 47, 48, 60n9, 63n47, 63n48, 63n51, 64n59, 68n90 Declaration of Independence, 1, 12–13, 28n55, 80, 171n16, 187, 188, 193, 194 deductibles, 41, 268–9, 275n32, 276n32–4 defensive rhetoric, 113, 125–9, 162, 188, 203–7, 210, 220, 224, 229, 233–5, 237–40 INDEX democrat, 1, 3–5, 14, 16, 19, 26n35, 35, 36, 38, 43, 53–6, 58, 60n5, 62n31, 62n41, 82, 86, 183–5, 199, 211n2, 211n5, 213n21, 222, 227, 232, 238, 239, 251n43, 260, 261, 263 depoliticization, 222, 245 The Depression, 112, 115, 117 Derickson, Alan, 62n39, 63n50, 63n52, 64n60, 68n93, 116, 139n10, 141n58, 180, 212n11 Dijk, Van, 75n6, 81, 84, 103n45, 105n61, 109n99, 110n108 Disch, Lisa, 180, 212n10 discourse, 2, 3, 5, 9, 10, 14, 37–48, 55, 73, 80–7, 90–8, 109n99, 135, 180, 183, 225–6, 244, 247, 250n21, 260, 270 Discourse Analysis, 104n47 doctors, 3, 37, 41, 42, 46, 47, 54, 59, 59n2, 67n85, 113, 124–8, 134, 162, 163, 166, 190, 193, 202, 203, 205, 206, 208, 209, 258, 262, 263, 276n32 E economics, 3, 5, 7, 10, 11, 13–15, 18, 22, 27n40, 32n86, 38–40, 48–51, 59, 76, 81, 88, 89, 91–4, 98, 104n46, 107n82, 109n97, 111–20, 122–4, 130, 133–7, 138, 139n6, 139n7, 141n59, 144, 147, 150, 153, 156–8, 160, 164, 166, 167, 169n3, 180–2, 186–8, 192, 195, 196, 201, 207, 209–21, 223, 226, 227, 232, 234, 240, 256–62, 265, 269, 271 efficiency, 21, 42, 75n5, 108n87, 130, 138, 160, 175n46, 182, 192, 196, 210, 223 egalitarianism, 23n4, 27n41, 90, 182 307 elderly, 57, 155, 166, 185, 188, 190, 192, 197, 258 emotions, 6, 9, 10, 57, 71, 79, 82–4, 91, 95, 112, 185, 194, 198, 220, 228, 237, 240–42, 246 empathy, 82, 94–6, 163, 221, 224, 240–2, 244, 248n2 employer based health insurance, 64n60 Engel, Jonathan, 52, 66n76 enthymematic, 74, 236, 251n46 epideictic, 219, 227 equality, 1, 2, 22, 23n4, 27n40, 37, 38, 40, 46, 59, 77–81, 86, 95, 96, 98, 103n43, 104n46, 115–17, 121, 122, 148–50, 153–8, 162, 163, 168, 173n34, 178–9, 186, 194–6, 209, 210, 224, 244, 256, 257, 259–62 equality of opportunity, 2, 22, 37, 78, 109n87, 115, 121, 162, 168, 178–9, 186, 195, 209, 210, 256, 257, 259–62 ethos, 71–3, 75, 82, 98, 99n1, 100n13, 105n66, 112–24, 126, 130, 135–7, 145–50, 152–4, 162–6, 168, 185–94, 196–201, 209, 210, 218–21, 223–5, 227, 230, 232, 235–47, 251n34, 262 Europe, 14, 16, 17, 29n62, 31n77, 47, 48, 68n91, 114, 258 European Union Charter of Fundamental Rights, 17, 18 F Fairclough, Norman, 90–3, 104n49, 105n62, 105n71, 109n92 Fair Deal, 35, 50, 63n52, 115, 117, 144, 147, 148, 160, 162, 164, 168, 180, 260, 261 308 INDEX families, 3, 33n95, 38, 43, 45, 88–90, 103n46, 118, 123, 124, 146, 151–5, 163, 179, 190, 191, 197, 215n33, 222, 226, 227, 242, 255, 267, 268 fear, 42, 43, 46, 47, 54, 57, 58, 79, 118, 120, 152, 153, 162, 166, 185, 190–2, 240, 245, 246, 256–7 Finlayson, Alan, 8, 11, 23n4, 28n50, 28n53, 94, 105n65, 105n66, 109n89, 109n98 Ford, Gerald, 36, 64n56 Fortunato, Mary, 85 Foucault, Michel, 90–3 France, 29n63, 29n64, 31n83, 114 freedom, 3, 12, 13, 20, 21, 42, 44, 45, 50, 57, 58, 63n46, 76, 82, 87, 94, 96, 103n43, 103n46, 117–20, 125–8, 135, 148, 152–4, 166, 178, 183, 189, 190, 192–4, 224, 235, 238, 244, 262 G Gaonkar, Dilip, 76, 102n30 Germany, 16–18, 29n63, 29n64, 44 Gillespie, Ed, 266 Gompers, Samuel, 47 Gordon, Colin, 54, 64n57, 68n94 Gottweis, Herbert, 82, 104n53 governors, 20, 265, 267, 268, 273n14, 274n18 Gramsci, 83, 84 Great Society, 7, 12, 39, 50, 118, 138, 144–62, 167, 168, 169n3, 170n7, 171n12, 171n14, 171n18, 173n34, 174n43, 174n44, 180, 194, 261 H Hawaii, 52, 205 health insurance, 2, 35–6, 78, 111–12, 155, 180, 219, 256 health policy, 23n5, 29n62 hedging, 236 hegemony, 81, 83, 84, 86, 94, 105n72 Heritage Foundation, 21 historical temporality, 113, 116, 119–22, 129, 136–7, 144, 162–5, 168, 175n52, 187, 191–4, 210, 220, 221, 223, 224, 229–33, 237–40, 262 human capabilities, 168, 245 Hutchinson, Asa, 268 I ideology, 5, 9, 17, 20, 23n4, 27n41, 42, 49, 50, 83, 84, 90, 91, 93, 97, 99, 102n29, 110n108, 138, 160, 187, 195, 222, 229, 237, 238, 240, 241, 245, 256, 257, 260–1, 263–6, 267, 270 images, 39, 42, 72, 76, 77, 81, 82, 90, 163, 186, 197, 198, 203, 232, 238 imagined community, 9, 80, 86, 87, 103n38 implicit rhetoric, 74 Indian Health Service, 52 individualism, 12–16, 235, 243 insurers, 19, 21, 32n87, 34n100, 36, 41, 44, 47, 54, 57–9, 61n20, 63n54, 67n85, 126, 127, 183–5, 196, 197, 201, 206, 208, 211n5, 214n25, 234–5, 242, 243, 250n26, 256, 258, 262, 264–6, 270, 275n31 International Human Rights Law, 153 INDEX J Jacobs, Lawrence, 23n5, 33n92, 33n94, 61n20, 69n104, 270, 274n18, 278n40 Johnson, Lyndon Baines, 1, 3, 10, 12, 14–15, 21, 22, 36, 44, 85, 173n41, 218, 257 justice, 5, 6, 9, 13, 17, 19, 27n40, 39, 48, 77, 79, 81, 86, 103n43, 108n87, 147, 149, 152–6, 162–3, 168, 175n52, 180, 182, 186, 195, 196, 210, 224, 232, 238, 239, 242, 244, 247, 260, 261 K Kennedy, Edward, 36, 140n28, 240 King, Martin Luther, Jr., 80, 103n44, 264 Kresnick, Jon, 56 Kristol, William, 65n69, 186 L labor, 36, 37, 44, 53, 54, 57, 69n103, 123, 145, 148, 152, 157, 163, 165, 178, 184, 215n33, 258 Laclau, Ernesto, 83, 104n57, 105n60, 105n64 Latinos and Hispanics, 53, 54, 67n82 liberal, 1, 5–7, 10, 11, 13, 23n4, 35–69, 77, 79, 94, 98, 109n97, 120, 125, 127, 138, 147, 159, 174n43, 178, 179, 181–4, 186, 195, 200, 204, 207, 209, 210, 211n2, 213n21, 222, 224, 227, 233, 238, 239, 241, 246, 251n43, 255–65, 269 liberty, 1, 6, 11–16, 22, 23n4, 27n40, 45–50, 77, 79, 115–18, 120, 137, 144, 148, 153–7, 160, 168, 309 182, 188, 192–4, 200, 219, 238, 239, 241, 244, 247, 256–8, 270 limited government, 1, 2, 5, 17, 20, 22, 23n4, 27n40, 27n41, 40, 49, 50, 54, 77, 98, 99, 115, 118, 124, 138, 159, 160, 177–9, 181, 182, 192, 195, 209, 235, 237, 238, 244, 247, 256, 257, 260, 263–5, 270 linkage, 129–31, 133–5, 137, 144, 148, 150, 156, 157, 192, 196–7, 237, 242, 244, 262 logos, 71–3, 75, 82, 98, 100n13, 112, 113, 119, 120, 122–34, 145, 153, 154, 159–62, 166–8, 186–90, 192, 196–8, 200–10, 219–21, 223–36, 243–5, 261–2 low income, 38, 52, 88, 107n82, 108n87, 124, 151, 156, 158, 166, 266, 270, 274n18, 276n33 M Marshall, T.H., 14, 30n66 Marxism, 102n31 Marxoriadis, Massachusetts, 52, 66n80, 169n4 media, 2, 6, 9, 55, 87, 94, 95, 103n40, 178, 184, 218, 257 Medicaid, 3, 12, 20, 26n34, 33n95, 36, 44, 49, 51–2, 57, 66n78, 68, 111, 125, 138, 141n40, 143–6, 150, 151, 155, 162, 164–8, 170n9, 176n61, 180, 192, 194, 224, 249n10, 251n39, 262, 265–8, 274n18, 276n33 Medicare, 3, 12, 34n100, 36, 39, 44, 51–3, 57, 68n91, 111, 125, 138, 143–76, 192, 194, 210, 221, 224, 235, 239, 240, 245, 262 310 INDEX middle class, 6, 10–11, 51, 88–90, 96, 97, 99, 106n78, 107n82, 108n87, 112, 119, 123, 134–7, 153, 155, 179–81, 185, 196, 203, 209, 214n25, 215n33, 218–21, 225–35, 239, 240, 243–7, 249n10, 261, 262, 266, 276n33 moderation, 160, 187, 204–7, 210, 220, 223, 233–5, 237, 241, 246, 265 moralization, 113, 116, 119–22, 144, 148, 149, 153, 162–4, 224, 229, 230, 240–4, 246, 261–2 moral muting, 75, 187, 192, 220, 221, 229–46 moral order, 1–5, 7–12, 15, 49, 71–110, 113, 114, 116, 118, 120, 135, 136, 144–5, 148, 154, 157–8, 163, 167, 178, 194, 210, 218–20, 222, 224, 230, 244, 246, 255, 257–63, 269, 271 Morgan, Iwan, 23n3, 27n36, 49, 65n64, 186, 215n35, 249n11 Morone, James, 7, 23n5, 29n62, 60n2, 67n88, 68n102, 106n76, 138n1, 251n38 Mouffe, Chantal, 83, 85–7, 104n57, 105n58, 105n60, 105n64, 105n70, 106n74 N National Health Service, 18 negative liberty, 6, 11, 13, 16, 23n4, 45, 153, 257, 270 Netherlands, 16, 18, 29n63, 30n75 New Deal, 7, 35, 49, 50, 59n2, 111–16, 136, 138, 147, 148, 160, 164, 262 New York, 37, 47–8, 172n26 Nixon, Richard, 4, 21, 23n6, 36, 39–42, 47, 58, 61n21, 161, 182, 183 normalized, 115, 165, 257, 260 Nussbaum, Martha, 94, 96, 97, 109n101, 110n104 O Obama, Barack, 1, 4, 10–12, 14, 15, 19, 21–2, 23n6, 24n16, 27n40, 29n56, 34n95, 37–9, 41, 42, 44, 47, 55, 56, 58, 61n19, 61n20, 61n26, 72, 89, 90, 96, 103n38, 108n87, 123, 127, 134, 137, 138, 141n38, 143, 153, 154, 162, 166, 168, 182, 209, 210, 218, 220–47, 248n8, 250n22, 250n29, 251n34, 252n60, 260–6, 268–71 P path dependency, 56, 258 pathos, 71–3, 75, 82, 98, 100n13, 112, 145, 149, 162–6, 168, 185, 187–90, 196–200, 209, 210, 220, 221, 223–5, 234, 240–4, 246, 251n34, 261–2 patriotism, 38, 74, 146–50, 191, 194, 235, 246, 257 personalization, 75, 166, 187, 196–204, 210, 221, 223, 224, 240–4 political culture, 8, 89, 116, 184, 258, 264 poor/poverty, 6, 22, 26n33, 33n95, 39, 41, 43, 50–2, 58, 89–91, 98, 104n46, 106n77, 109n97, 110n108, 115, 118–22, 124, 130, 132–8, 144–8, 150, 151, 153–65, 167, 168, 169n2, 170n7, 174n43, 176n61, 180, 191, 192, 196, 197, 221, 222, 225, 226, 232, 233, 247, 251n38, 255, 257, 261–3, 267 INDEX positive liberty, 11, 13, 14, 16, 22, 23n4, 45, 115, 116, 118, 120, 137, 144, 153–7, 160, 168, 182, 192, 200, 219, 238, 247, 257, 258 Posner, Richard, 182, 213n18 power, 2, 4, 5, 7–10, 36, 53, 57–9, 64n60, 67n88, 75n6, 81–6, 88, 91–4, 96–8, 105n67, 107n82, 109n99, 113, 115, 117, 130, 137, 149, 198, 204, 210, 215n33, 220, 230, 232, 234, 238, 240, 250n26, 250n29, 258, 264, 273n14 pragmatism, 9, 39, 98, 108n87, 129, 192, 223, 236, 244, 245, 267, 268 prejudice, private health insurance, 29n64, 33n95, 34n100, 56, 211n5, 266, 276n32 public attitudes, 55, 184 public health, 32n89, 42, 113, 119, 121, 131–3, 137, 145, 208 public realm, 9, 79, 85, 94–8 Q Quadagno, Jill, 3, 26n27, 59n2, 60n5, 60n13, 61n26, 62n30, 62n36–8, 62n41, 63n45, 63n52, 63n53, 64n56, 64n58, 64n60, 65n61, 67n85, 68n91, 68n93, 68n99, 68n101, 69n105, 141n57 R racism, 39–40, 54, 55, 121, 140n26, 148–9, 158, 173n34 Reagan, Ronald, 5, 7, 23n6, 43, 48, 49, 65n66, 98, 159, 178, 211n5, 226, 252n56, 257, 259 311 Republican, 1–10, 14, 17, 19–22, 23n3, 26n34, 36–41, 45, 48–51, 53, 58, 60n5, 62n41, 74, 77, 82, 83, 86, 94, 98, 99, 117, 145, 159, 160, 166, 179, 181, 183, 184, 199, 200, 204, 211n5, 214n25, 218, 222, 225–7, 231–2, 234, 238–40, 244, 245, 251n43, 256, 259, 260, 263, 265–8, 270, 273n14, 274n18 rhetorical strategies, 11, 20, 39, 46, 73–6, 101n18, 113, 119–20, 125–34, 137, 144, 148, 153, 162, 167, 175n52, 184, 187, 190–4, 196, 200–7, 209, 220–2, 224–6, 229–31, 235–46, 261, 262 Romney, Mitt, 89, 108n87, 259–61, 271n1–3 Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 3, 4, 7, 14, 59n2, 64n60, 112, 114–18, 120, 138, 146, 186, 210, 226 Roosevelt, Theodore, 8, 23n6, 24n10, 35, 231 Rubio, Marc, 266, 268, 274n20, 275n31 Rwanda, 18 Ryan, Paul, 50, 66n70–2, 260 S Sanders, Bernard, 264 Scott, A.O., 90, 108n86 security, 3, 18, 35, 36, 53, 77, 116–18, 120, 122, 130, 146, 150, 152, 153, 155, 160, 162–7, 171n18, 180, 186–90, 192, 193, 201, 209, 221, 223–7, 233, 238–40, 243–5, 250n22, 255, 261, 265 Shapiro, Ian, 13 single payer system, 17, 27n40, 34n100, 223, 264 312 INDEX Skocpol, Theda, 33n92, 33n94, 43, 60n3, 60n8, 60n12, 61n18, 61n20, 62n32, 62n35, 63n44, 64n54, 68n91, 115, 138n3, 139n9, 211n2, 211n3, 215n30, 215n32, 215n34 social and economic rights, 10, 14, 15, 18, 22, 48–51, 111–17, 135–7, 139n7, 147, 160, 180, 207, 209, 219, 257–61 social democracy, 213n19 social imaginary, 1–11, 15, 49, 71–110, 112, 113, 117, 120, 134, 136, 137, 144–50, 157, 163, 167, 168, 171n12, 178, 199–200, 210, 218–20, 224, 237, 246, 255–69, 271 socialism, 42–7, 57, 59n2, 62n31, 115, 128, 239, 258 socialized medicine, 20, 38, 42–6, 58, 64n56, 126, 128, 135, 183 Social Security, 3, 18, 35, 56, 59n2, 115, 125, 146, 167, 179, 186, 187, 191, 210, 221, 224, 226, 233, 239, 245, 249n10, 262 social solidarity, 2, 11, 22, 46, 57, 76, 79, 81, 86, 96, 97, 99, 109n87, 122, 129–31, 147, 152, 162, 178, 187, 194, 196, 209, 210, 220, 221, 224, 225, 233, 237–40, 245, 256, 262, 270 solidarity, 2, 11, 13, 15, 29n62, 37, 54, 57, 75, 78, 81, 83, 94, 95, 112, 113, 115, 116, 121, 122, 126, 131, 137, 150, 157, 161, 165, 166, 168, 185, 187–9, 191, 192, 194–6, 200, 210, 218, 220, 232, 235, 240–4, 246, 247, 248n2, 250n29, 251n34 State of the Union, 2, 38, 49, 60n2, 116, 144, 153, 160, 161, 169n7, 171n18, 175n46 states, 2, 7, 13, 14, 18, 26n35, 43, 49, 50, 52–4, 60n5, 83, 96, 98, 103n43, 114, 124, 126–7, 139n7, 145, 161, 168, 176n61, 182, 194, 195, 201, 215n33, 243, 265–8, 267, 273n14, 274n18 Supreme Court, 19, 20, 29n57, 173n34, 263, 265 surveys, 2, 13, 55–6, 184, 253n67 Switzerland, 30n74 T Taylor, Charles, 77, 97, 102n33, 102n34, 102n36 totalitarianism, 44, 45 Truman, Harry, 1, 3, 5, 8, 10–12, 14, 21, 22, 23n6, 25n17, 35, 37, 38, 43, 45–7, 51, 55, 58, 60n2, 85, 90, 96, 111–38, 138n5, 139n7, 140n15, 140n27, 140n29, 141n34, 141n55, 143–6, 152, 158, 162–8, 170n9, 178, 180, 183, 186, 200, 206, 208–10, 218, 226, 234, 247, 255–62, 264, 269 Tulis, Jeffrey, 8–10, 28n51, 91 U underinsurance, 40, 268, 275n32, 276n32, 276n33 unions, 2, 46–9, 54, 57, 64n57, 64n60, 67n85, 68n91, 144, 194, 202, 211n2, 258 United Kingdom, 17, 18, 29n63, 30n74 universal health insurance, 3, 10, 11, 18, 19, 21, 22, 22n2, 27n40, 29n62, 35–8, 42–4, 46–8, 51–60, 64, 65n60, 68n91, 114, 117, INDEX 120, 126–30, 136, 180, 183, 184, 186, 189, 201, 204, 220, 225, 232, 236, 244–6, 252n60, 256–8, 260, 267 US Department of Health and Human Services, 270, 277n37 V Veterans Health Administration, 52 Vogler, Candace, 78, 103n37, 103n39 Voting Rights Act, 158, 168, 170, 173n34 W War on Poverty, 12, 39, 50, 118, 144–7, 150, 153, 155–7, 159–62, 168, 169n3–5, 169n7, 170n8, 180, 194, 261 313 welfare, 2, 3, 5, 13, 14, 16, 20, 22, 23n4, 35, 43, 45–9, 54, 77, 89, 98, 113–15, 118–22, 127, 129–34, 136–8, 139n7, 144, 146, 150, 157, 160, 167, 168, 178–82, 195, 207, 208, 215n33, 221, 226, 228, 231, 232, 239, 245, 247, 257, 259 welfare reform, 114, 180–2, 195, 196 Whitaker, Clem, 46, 63n52 Wilsford, David, 56, 68n100 working class, 10, 66n74, 88, 90, 96, 106n76, 108n87, 123, 135, 141n59, 145, 155, 179–81, 196, 203, 215n33, 228, 233, 247, 259, 261–3 World War 2, 38, 46 Z Zerelli, Linda, 84 ... justification for their healthcare reform plans to expand access to healthcare2 in the US irrespective of income It is a temporal study of Democratic presidential healthcare reform rhetoric between... to advocate for healthcare reform has remained constant As such, this study centers upon each of these rhetorical presidential moments of public address to Congress on healthcare reform As Beatriz... rhetoric between 1945 and 2013 It analyzes the rhetoric of these four presidents comparatively and examines how Democratic presidential healthcare reform rhetoric has evolved In so doing, it also

Ngày đăng: 14/05/2018, 15:37

Từ khóa liên quan

Mục lục

  • Praise for this Book

  • Dedication

  • Acknowledgments

  • Contents

  • Chapter 1: Introduction

    • 1.1 The Significance of Healthcare in Contestation of the American Moral Order and Social Imaginary

    • 1.2 Democratic and Republican Conceptualizations of the American Social Imaginary

    • 1.3 Core Concepts

    • 1.4 Book Structure

    • 1.5 Empirical Focus and Corpus Construction

    • 1.6 Rights, Liberty, and Individualism in US Law and Politics

    • 1.7 The US in Comparative Perspective: Healthcare as a Legally Guaranteed Right in European and Other Nations

    • 1.8 Healthcare Reform Today: Obama’s Affordable Care Act

    • 1.9 The Evolution of Democratic Healthcare Reform Rhetoric

    • Notes

  • Chapter 2: History of American Liberal and Conservative Healthcare Rhetoric and Public Policy

    • 2.1 Historical Efforts to Expand Access to Health Insurance

    • 2.2 Policy and Discourse of Proponents of Health Insurance Coverage Expansion

      • 2.2.1 Richard Nixon’s Healthcare Reform Proposal

    • 2.3 Discourse of Opponents of Health Insurance Coverage Expansion

      • 2.3.1 The False Specter of Socialism

      • 2.3.2 Unions and Corporations

    • 2.4 Republicans Reject Social and Economic Rights: The Reagan Era and Beyond

    • 2.5 Major Healthcare Reform Policy Milestones

    • 2.6 American Exceptionalism: Why the US Did Not Guarantee Near-Universal Health Insurance Until the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

    • 2.7 Conclusion

    • Notes

  • Chapter 3: Methodology and Theory: The Social Imaginary and its Moral Order

    • 3.1 Aristotle’s Theory of Rhetoric: Appeals to Ethos, Pathos and Logos

    • 3.2 Rhetoric Analysis in Practice: Mapping Rhetorical Strategies and Their Rhetorical Effects

    • 3.3 Rhetorical Strategies

    • 3.4 The Social Imaginary

    • 3.5 Discourse and Hegemonic Constructions of the Social Imaginary

    • 3.6 The Middle Class in the American Social Imaginary

    • 3.7 Discourse: An Evolving Theory from Foucault to Fairclough

    • 3.8 The Public Realm

    • 3.9 Conclusion

    • Notes

  • Chapter 4: Harry Truman’s November 19, 1945 Address to Congress on Healthcare Reform

    • 4.1 A First Attempt at Comprehensive National Health Insurance

    • 4.2 Dimensions of Rhetoric

    • 4.3 Post-Second World War Political and Historical Context

      • 4.3.1 Truman’s Ethos in Context: An Era of Faith in Government Action

    • 4.4 Speech Structure of the Special Message to Congress on Healthcare Reform

    • 4.5 Rhetoric Analysis of Truman’s Special Message to Congress Concerning Healthcare Reform

      • 4.5.1 The Ethos of Healthcare Reform: Strategies of Moralization and Historical Temporality to Defend Healthcare as a Right

    • 4.6 Logos: Illustrating Deprivation with Data and Presenting Truman’s Healthcare Reforms

      • 4.6.1 The Logos of Policy Expertise and Technical Excellence: Applying Rhetorical Strategies of Anticipatory and Defensive Rhetoric

      • 4.6.2 Military Preparedness in Truman’s Logos: The Rhetorical Strategy of Linkage to Advance Social Solidarity

      • 4.6.3 Public Health and the Rhetorical Strategy of Linking Individual and Collective Welfare: Transcending Class Division

    • 4.7 Truman in a Comparative Perspective: The Uniqueness of His Rhetoric and the Place of the Poor Within It

    • 4.8 Conclusion

    • Notes

  • Chapter 5: Lyndon Baines Johnson’s Remarks at the Signing of the Medicare Bill, July 30, 1965 and Related Speeches

    • 5.1 Introduction

    • 5.2 Government Programs of the War on Poverty and Great Society

    • 5.3 Patriotism and Possibility: Moral Idealism in Johnson’s Social Imaginary and the Ethos of the Great Society

    • 5.4 Healthcare Reform in the Great Society

    • 5.5 Defending Positive Liberty and Championing the Disadvantaged in the Great Society

    • 5.6 The Voting Rights Act and the Civil Rights Act

    • 5.7 The Logos of the Great Society and the War on Poverty: Prioritizing Social Needs While Reducing Overall Government Spending

    • 5.8 Rhetoric Analysis of Johnson’s Remarks with President Truman at the Signing of the Medicare/Medicaid Bill, July 30, 1965

      • 5.8.1 Ethos and Pathos

      • 5.8.2 Logos

    • 5.9 Conclusion

    • Notes

  • Chapter 6: Bill Clinton’s September 22, 1993 Address on Healthcare Reform to Congress

    • 6.1 Introduction and Political Context: Healthcare Reform as Limited Government Conservatism Is Hegemonic

    • 6.2 The Working Class and Economically Disadvantaged: Increasing Invisibility

    • 6.3 Clinton’s “Third Way”

    • 6.4 Clinton’s Healthcare Reforms: Policy History and Causes of Reform Failure

    • 6.5 Dimensions of Rhetoric

    • 6.6 The Structure of the Speech

    • 6.7 The Cardinal Principle of Clinton’s Speech that Incorporates Ethos, Pathos, and Logos: Security

    • 6.8 Ethos and the Rhetorical Strategies of Historical Temporality and Moralization to Convey the Urgency of Change

    • 6.9 A Counterpoint to Values of Equality of Opportunity and Solidarity: Rhetoric of Neutral Change and Economic Efficiency

    • 6.10 Pathos in Support of Ethos: The Strategy of Personalization

      • 6.10.1 Pathos and Bipartisanship

    • 6.11 Logos: Problems and Principles

      • 6.11.1 Logos and the Rhetorical Strategy of Personalization

      • 6.11.2 Logos and the Rhetorical Strategy of Appropriating Conservative Values and Anticipatory and Defensive Rhetoric to Convey Moderation: Clinton’s “Third Way”

      • 6.11.3 How High Healthcare Costs Harm Other Government Expenditure

    • 6.12 Conclusion

    • Notes

  • chapter 7: Barack Obama’s September 9, 2009 Healthcare Speech to Congress

    • 7.1 Introduction

    • 7.2 Dimensions of Rhetoric

    • 7.3 Political Context

    • 7.4 Speech Structure: Overview

    • 7.5 The Logos of Healthcare Reform: Protecting the “Middle Class” and Promoting the Principle of Universality

      • 7.5.1 Logos: Conveying Concern for the Middle Class with Strategies of Moralizing/Moral Muting and Historical Temporality

      • 7.5.2 Logos: Conveying Moderation through Strategies of Anticipatory and Defensive Rhetoric and Appropriation of Conservatism

    • 7.6 Ethos: Communicating Conciliation through Moral Muting and Conveying Leadership and Integrity by Moralizing

      • 7.6.1 Ethos: Constructing Social Solidarity Through Rhetorical Strategies of Appropriation, Anticipatory and Defensive Rhetoric, and Historical Temporality

      • 7.6.2 Affirming Ethos Through Pathos with Rhetorical Strategies of Personalization with Moralization/Moral Muting

      • 7.6.3 An Implied Rather than Explicit Ethos

    • 7.7 Conclusion

    • Notes

  • Chapter 8: Conclusion

    • 8.1 How Liberal Arguments for Healthcare Expansion Have Evolved from Truman to Obama and the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act: Rhetorical and Policy Battles Now and in the Future

    • 8.2 How Contemporary Healthcare Reform Rhetoric Reflects Historical Healthcare Reform Rhetoric

    • 8.3 Ethos/Pathos/Logos in the Presidential Rhetorics

    • 8.4 Healthcare Reform in the Future

    • 8.5 Current Challenges to the Affordable Care Act

    • 8.6 Healthcare Reform Successes and Significance

    • Notes

  • Bibliography

  • Index

Tài liệu cùng người dùng

  • Đang cập nhật ...

Tài liệu liên quan