THE PA LG R A V E LA CA N E IL L D AN DEREK SERIES HOO K N SERIE S EDIT OR S OUT OF THE PAST LACAN AND FILM NOIR BEN TYRER CA LU M The Palgrave Lacan Series Series Editors Calum Neill School of Psychology and Sociology Edinburgh Napier University Edinburgh, United Kingdom Derek Hook Duquesne University  Pittsburgh, USA Jacques Lacan is one of the most important and influential thinkers of the 20th century The reach of this influence continues to grow as we settle into the 21st century, the resonance of Lacan’s thought arguably only beginning now to be properly felt, both in terms of its application to clinical matters and in its application to a range of human activities and interests The Palgrave Lacan Series is a book series for the best new writing in the Lacanian field, giving voice to the leading writers of a new generation of Lacanian thought The series will comprise original monographs and thematic, multi-authored collections The books in the series will explore aspects of Lacan’s theory from new perspectives and with original insights There will be books focused on particular areas of or issues in clinical work There will be books focused on applying Lacanian theory to areas and issues beyond the clinic, to matters of society, politics, the arts and culture Each book, whatever its particular concern, will work to expand our understanding of Lacan’s theory and its value in the 21st century More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/15116 Ben Tyrer Out of the Past Lacan and Film Noir Ben Tyrer Department of Film Studies King’s College London London, United Kingdom The Palgrave Lacan Series ISBN 978-3-319-30941-5 ISBN 978-3-319-30942-2 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-30942-2 (eBook) Library of Congress Control Number: 2016940578 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2016 This work is subject to copyright All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made Cover illustration: © Emin Ozkan / Stockimo / Alamy Stock Photo Printed on acid-free paper This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland Acknowledgements To Sarah Cooper; without her unending support and infinite patience this project could not have existed To Hector Kollias for reminding me that Lacanians squabbling are “like dogs pissing in the street” To Ginette Vincendeau, in whose undergraduate class on noir the idea for this project first germinated To the Arts and Humanities Research Council, which supported the doctoral research upon which this monograph is based, and to Richard Dyer and Jo Malt for their help in securing that funding To Todd McGowan for his helpful comments on the manuscript and for his on-going support of my work To Eleanor Christie, Sharla Plant and everyone at Palgrave Macmillan and my excellent editors, Derek Hook and Calum Neill, for believing that we could turn all of this into my first book To the following friends, colleagues and fellow travellers: Louis Bayman, Mark Betz, Pietro Bianchi, Lucy Bolton, Tom Brown, Judith Buchanan, Catherine Constable, Ziad Elmarsafy, Thomas Elsaesser, Sarah Forgacs, Markos Hadjioannou, Hannah Hamad, Mary Harrod, Alice Haylett Bryan, David Henderson, Owen Hewitson, Lilly Husbands, Ed Lamberti, Rob Lapsley, Aaron McMullan, John Mullarkey, Alastair Phillips, Michele Pierson, Agnieszka Piotrowska, Alex Sergeant, Martha Shearer, Mark Shiel, Greg Singh, David Sorfa, Belén Vidal, Catherine Wheatley, and Daniel White To Emma, for enduring the stress and the mess of long years of research And to M + P; this is for you v vi Acknowledgements An earlier version of part of Chapter was previously published under the title, “Film Noir as Point de Capiton: Double Indemnity, Structure and Temporality” in Film-Philosophy 17 (2013) http://www.film-philosophy com/index.php/f-p/article/view/288; and an earlier version of part of Chapter was previously published under the title, “Film Noir Doesn’t Exist: A Lacanian Topology” in Psychoanalysis, Culture and Society, ed David Henderson (Newcastle: CSP, 2012), 127–141 Both are reprinted here with permission from the respective publishers Contents Introduction: Into the Past/Out of the Past 1.1 Film Noir/Film Theory/Psychoanalysis: Parallel Histories 1.2 Contra Lacan 1.3 Defending a Lost Cause? 1.4 Theorising Noir 1.5 Lacan and Noir: Encore 1.6 Structure Part I Symbolic Film Noir as Point de Capiton: Retroactive Temporality and Symbolic Structure 2.1 Noir and Retroactivity 2.2 Psychoanalysis and Retroactivity 2.3 The Point de Capiton 2.4 The Noir Category and the Point de Capiton 2.5 Double Indemnity, the Graph of Desire, Metalepsis 2.6 Gilda, The Killers and the Meaning of the Letter 10 12 17 29 31 32 38 43 49 56 63 vii viii Contents Part II Real First Interlude: A Contingent Irruption 3.1 Tuché, Automaton and Narrative Trauma Film Noir Doesn’t Exist: Impossibility, Definition and the Point of Failure 4.1 The Fault in the Noir Universe 4.2 The Lack in the Critical Other 4.3 Approaching the Real (Encore) 4.4 The Set of “Woman” 4.5 A Topology of Noir (I) 4.6 The Lalangue of Noir Part III The Boundaries and Meaning of Noir: Suture, Metaphor and the Historical Imaginary 5.1 The Set of “Man” 5.2 A Topology of Noir (II) 5.3 Film Noir and the Historical Imaginary 5.4 The Noir Metaphor 5.5 The Noir Point de Capiton (Reprise) Part IV Imaginary Borromean Knot 77 79 80 91 92 101 109 115 119 124 141 143 144 150 159 169 177 195 Second Interlude: A Knotting (SRI) 6.1 Open Endings, Sutured Narratives: Tying Up Loose Ends 197 The Idea of Noir: Fiction, Signifier, Genre 7.1 The Maltese Falcon = √−1 7.2 The Falcon’s Fiction 209 210 220 198 Contents 7.3 7.4 The Necessary Fiction of Noir Neo-noir, Genre and the Master Signifier The Moment of Concluding ix 230 235 253 Bibliography 269 Index 285 Bibliography 277 ——— Le Séminaire, Livre VI: Le désir et son interprétation Edited by JacquesAlain Miller Paris: Éditions de la Martinière, 2013 ——— Le Séminaire, Livre XVI: D’un Autre l’autre Edited by Jacques-Alain Miller Paris: Éditions Seuil, 2006 ——— Le Séminaire, Livre XVIII: D’un Discours qui ne serait pas du semblant, edited by Jacques-Alain Miller Paris: Éditions Seuil, 2006 ——— Le Séminaire, Livre XIX: ou pire Edited by Jacques-Alain Miller Paris: Éditions Seuil, 2011 ——— Le Séminaire, Livre XXIII: Le sinthome Edited by Jacques-Alain Miller Paris: Éditions Seuil, 2005 ——— Le Séminaire IX: L’identification, 1960–1961, unpublished manuscript ——— Le Séminaire XII: Problèmes cruciaux pour la psychanalyse, 1964–1965, unpublished manuscript ——— Le Séminaire XIII: L’objet de la psychanalyse, 1965–1966, unpublished manuscript ——— Le Séminaire XIV: La logique du fantasme, 1966–1967, unpublished manuscript ——— Le Séminaire XV: L’acte psychanalytique, 1967–1968, unpublished manuscript ——— Le Séminaire XXII: RSI, 1974–1975, unpublished manuscript ——— The Seminar of 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Kenneth Reinhard The Neighbor: Three Inquiries in Political Theology Chicago: Chicago UP, 2005 Zupančič, Alenka “The Case of the Perforated Sheet.” In Sexuation, edited by Renata Salecl, 282–296 Durham, NC: Duke UP, 2000 Index A Aldrich, Robert, 73n67, 106, 204, 205, 208n24 Altman, Rick, 187n40, 239, 240, 262, 263 Altman, Robert, 236, 240 Aristotle, 81, 89n3, 138n106, 207n7 B Bacall, Lauren, 95 Badiou, Alain, Balázs, Béla, Barthes, Roland, 52, 234, 249n77 Benjamin, Walter, 236, 249n82 Bentham, Jeremy, 14, 21, 209, 222–31, 233, 234, 247n37, 247n41, 247n42, 248n56, 259, 266 Bergson, Henri, 20, 166, 167, 189n78, 189n83, 257 Biesen, Sheri Chinen, 19, 98, 103–5, 128, 133n29, 135n58, 172, 232, 256 Bogart, Humphrey, 95, 107, 151, 198 Borde, Raymond, 3, 15, 23n5, 34–7, 49, 52–4, 56, 70n9, 73n67, 95, 99, 106, 120, 122, 123, 151, 153, 156, 158, 173, 181, 204, 234, 249n77 Bordwell, David, 6, 8, 9, 25n20, 37, 70n18, 265 Borges, J.L., 164, 178, 180, 181, 183, 192n131, 192n136, 239, 258, 263 Bould, Mark, 4, 24n9, 127–9, 140n156, 140n158, 140n159, 233, 237, 238 Breuer, Joseph, 3, 39, 71n29, 253 Brewster, Ben, 5, 24n14, 134n47 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2016 B Tyrer, Out of the Past, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-30942-2 285 286 Index C Chandler, Raymond, 32, 33, 50, 97, 98, 135n58, 154, 162 Chartier, Jean-Pierre, 15, 32, 33, 35, 51, 52, 59, 62, 69n6, 99–101, 123, 153, 173, 178, 183, 240 Chaumeton, Etienne, 4, 15, 23n5, 34–7, 49, 52–4, 56, 70n9, 73n67, 96, 99, 106, 120, 122, 123, 151, 153, 156, 158, 173, 181, 204, 234, 249n77 Chiesa, Lorenzo, 150, 186n28 Cohen-Séat, Gilbert, 37, 58, 70n22, 70n23, 210, 230 Conard, Mark T., 63, 75n110, 75n115, 121, 157, 188n56 Cooper, Sarah, 8, 25n25 Copjec, Joan, 8, 12, 15, 27n42, 27n43, 119–21, 138n115, 140n152, 147, 148, 155, 186n21, 203 Cowie, Elizabeth, 12, 26n42 Crowther, Bosley, 103, 106, 134n50, 134n51 D Damico, James, 36, 70n13, 95, 128 Declerq, Frédéric, 64, 67, 75n120, 76n132, 76n133 Deleuze, Gilles, 13, 25n22, 188n69, 192n136, 250n102 DeMille, Cecil B., 97, 131 Derrida, Jacques, 52, 139n129, 193n145, 220, 242, 247n35, 250n105 Descartes, René, 212, 227, 246n13 Dickos, Andrew, 163, 188n64 Dieterle, William, 163 Dietrich, Marlene, 163 Dimendberg, Edward, 15, 28n49, 103, 135n54 Dmytryk, Edward, 72n67, 98, 105, 107, 135n64 Doane, Mary Ann, 12, 13, 27n44, 64, 71n24, 75n116, 75n117, 75n123, 187n51, 201, 202, 208n17 Dolar, Mladen, 8, 26n34, 125, 140n147, 192n131 Dravers, Philip, 228, 230, 248n59 Duhamel, Marcel, 32, 234 Durgnat, Raymond, 1, 32, 36, 50, 69n2, 134n44, 159, 162, 172, 173, 181, 240 Durkheim, Émile, 37 E Edelman, Lee, 41, 65, 68, 71n32, 76n127, 218, 247n26, 259 Eidelzstein, Alfredo, 179, 192n132 Eisner, Lotte, 37, 160, 163, 189n82 Eliot, T.S., 165, 168, 175, 179, 180, 188n73, 192n134, 192n136, 239, 257, 263 Elsaesser, Thomas, 1, 10, 11, 14, 15, 20, 26n41, 37, 42, 102, 134n45, 136, 143, 159–69, 171, 172, 174–6, 181, 184, 188n57, 188n69, 189n75, 189n76, 189n82, 189n86, 192n131, 193n142, 193n143, 232, 257, 264, 267n8 Epstein, Jean, Erickson, Glenn, 205, 208n23, 235, 249n80, 250n96 Index Erickson, Todd, 235, 249n81 Euler, Leonhard, 211, 215, 246n8 Ewing, Dale E., 110, 111, 121, 136n82, 136n84, 154 F Ferenczi, Sándor, Fink, Bruce, 23n4, 28n53, 54, 55, 67, 73n88, 74n98, 94, 115, 118, 125, 136n77, 138n113, 138n123, 139n133, 144, 173, 184, 185, 193n148, 213, 214, 226 Forrester, John, 184, 193n145 Foucault, Michel, 52 Frampton, Daniel, 7, 25n24 Frank, Nino, 10, 32–4, 51, 52, 59, 62, 69n5, 99, 100, 122, 123, 153, 173, 178, 183, 240 Freud, Sigmund, 3–5, 11, 13–15, 23n1, 23n4, 39–43, 59, 64, 67, 71n26, 71n28–30, 71n33, 71n2990n9, 76n134, 80, 83–5, 90n10, 90n12, 90n13, 90n15, 183, 192n128, 193n145, 218, 222, 230–2, 247n26, 247n35-, 253, 260, 264, 266 Fuller, Samuel, 105, 135n61 G Gabin, Jean, 182, 183, 244 Godard, Jean-Luc, 236, 238, 244 Greenberg, Joel, 36, 70n12, 162, 190n86 Griffith, D.W., 97 287 Grigg, Russell, 114, 115, 137n106 Grune, Karl, 163 Gunning, Tom, 22, 24n7, 28n54 H Hammett, Dashiell, 50, 97, 154, 162 Hammond, Paul, 23n5, 234 Hayworth, Rita, 50, 65 Heath, Stephen, 5, 6, 8, 24n13, 24n17, 26n28, 207n7 Hegel, G.W.F., 174 Hemingway, Ernest, 66, 67, 254 Heraclitus, 54, 55 Higham, Charles, 36, 70n12, 162, 188n63 Hirsch, Foster, 23n5, 36, 70n13, 95, 163, 188n64, 237, 238, 243 Hitchcock, Alfred, 10, 50, 106, 206, 208n26 Hope, Bob, 106, 107 Hopper, Dennis, 240, 250n96 Huston, John, 33, 54, 56, 66 I Iser, Wolfgang, 224, 232, 248n44 J Jakobson, Roman, 44, 47, 48, 72n58, 169 Jameson, Frederic, 219, 236, 247n32, 249n84 Jancovich, Mark, 50, 51, 73n71 Johnston, Adrian, 241, 250n103 Johnston, Claire, 12, 26n42 Jung, C.G., 3, 40, 188n69 288 Index K Kafka, Franz, 178, 180, 192n136, 258 Kant, Immanuel, 109 Kaplan, E. Ann, 4, 12, 26n42, 70n24, 237, 238 Kennedy, Barbara, 7, 25n22 Kerr, Paul, 95, 102, 134n46 Kierkegaard, Søren, 180 Kracauer, Siegfried, 37, 50, 73n75, 102, 103, 128, 135n54, 160, 163, 172, 189 Krutnik, Frank, 4, 12, 13, 15, 19, 23n6, 70n24, 158, 159, 187n51, 257 Kunkle, Sheila, 8, 9, 25n26 L Lacan, Jacques, 1–3, 5–9, 11–17, 20–2, 23n4, 25n26, 26n29, 26n37, 27n43, 28n49, 31, 41–9, 51–4, 56, 58, 62, 65, 66, 71n34, 72n51, 72n58, 75n122, 76n128, 79–7, 90n16, 91–5, 111–19, 121, 124–6, 131, 132n9, 132n10, 136n77, 136n80, 137n101, 137n105, 137n106, 138n116, 139n143, 140n144, 144–6, 149, 150, 153, 165, 169–79, 181, 184, 185n11, 186n26, 189n76, 190n91, 190n99, 191n116, 192n125, 192n128, 192n132, 193n140, 197, 206, 207n1, 208n17, 210, 212–16, 219, 222–32, 243, 246n5, 246n10, 246n14, 247n37, 250n100, 251n114, 254–6, 259–66 Laclau, Ernesto, 17, 28n53, 177, 241, 250 Ladd, Alan, 3, 107 Lancaster, Burt, 182, 183, 244 Lang, Fritz, 28n54, 35, 96, 105, 133n35, 135n60, 151, 162, 163, 181, 189n75 Laplanche, Jean, 42, 71n25, 231, 248n66 Latour, Bruno, 129, 140n159 Lehman, David, 217, 247n23 Leibniz, Gottfried, 212, 227, 246n14, 248n51 Levinas, Emmanuel, Lévi-Strauss, Claude, 45, 62, 71n45, 75n122, 80, 94, 231 Lorre, Peter, 96, 107, 151, 163 Lubitsch, Ernst, 163, 168 Lynch, David, 9, 26n35, 251n112 M Macksey, Richard, 137n101, 210 Malabou, Catherine, 217, 218, 247n24 Maltby, Richard, 73n70, 102, 134n44 Mannoni, Octave, 136n84, 226 Manon, Hugh S., 13, 27n45 Marks, Laura U., 7, 25n22 McGowan, Todd, 2, 8–10, 14, 25n26, 26n35, 27n48, 247n37, 265 Mehlman, Jeffrey, 65, 75n122 Melville, Jean-Pierre, 236 Metz, Christian, 5, 13, 15, 16, 24n12–14, 25n27, 28n52, 226, 265 Metzger, David, 129, 140n160 Index Miklitsch, Robert, 14, 27n49 Miller, Jacques-Alain, 6, 63, 68, 72n63, 76n128, 93, 107, 108, 111, 136n73, 136n85, 147–9, 152, 186n18, 188, 203, 208n24 Milner, Jean-Claude, 125, 126, 140n146, 151, 152, 156, 257 Mitchum, Robert, 182 Morazé, Charles, 210, 246n4 Mouffe, Chantal, 17, 28n53, 177 Mulvey, Laura, 5, 6, 9, 24n15, 202, 207n16, 265 N Naremore, James, 1, 4, 10, 11, 14, 15, 18, 24n8, 37, 42, 49, 51–4, 56, 69n3, 97, 102, 103, 106, 108, 122, 124, 131, 135n52, 143, 156, 159, 209, 210, 233, 234, 237, 240, 242, 254, 257, 260 Neale, Steve, 54, 73n87, 134n51, 158, 238, 239, 249n72 Nietzsche, Friedrich, 121, 188n56 O O’Brien, Charles, 35, 36, 70n11, 99–101, 134n43, 183 Ogden, Charles, 223, 225, 226, 231, 247n42, 248n49 Ophuls, Max, 168, 207n16 Osteen, Mark, 13, 27n45 Oudart, Jean-Pierre, 6, 24n16 289 P Pabst, G.W., 23n1, 163, 164 Palmer, R. Barton, 133n27, 261, 267n4 Park, William, 22, 52, 53, 73n80, 121, 122 Penn, Arthur, 236, 238 Peterson, Lowell, 36, 69n1, 70n16 Phillips, Adam, 83, 90 Phillips, Alastair, 181, 193n139 Pisters, Patricia, 7, 25n22 Plotnitsky, Arkady, 211, 212, 246n6, 246n14, 248n51 Poe, Edgar Allan, 66, 200, 228, 248n59 Pontalis, Jean-Bertrand, 42, 231, 248n66 Porfirio, Robert, 36, 70n15, 105 Preminger, Otto, 32, 162 R Regnault, Franỗois, 171, 190n96 Reinhard, Kenneth, 120, 139n130, 146 Remmert, Reinhold, 246n7, 246n14 Rosen, Philip, 4, 24n10, 24n17 Rózsa, Miklós, 105, 135n63 Rushton, Richard, 8, 15, 25n27 S Santos, Marlisa, 4, 23n6 Saussure, Ferdinand de, 5, 44–6, 71n43, 76n128, 89n2, 125, 216 290 Index Schrader, Paul, 1, 4, 10, 23n5, 32, 35, 36, 65, 69n2, 70n17, 95, 97, 123, 139n139, 156, 157, 159, 162, 172, 173, 187n46, 240, 242, 244, 251n112, 260 Schroeder, Barbara, 174, 191n111 Scorsese, Martin, 236, 240, 244, 251n112, 260 Shaviro, Steven, 7, 8, 25n23, 26n29, 265 Shearer, Lloyd, 50, 73n72, 102, 153 Shepherdson, Charles, 109, 110, 136n77, 171, 173, 190n98 Sheridan, Alan, 28n53, 92 Sikov, Ed, 62, 75n112, 207n5 Silver, Alain, 15, 19, 28n50, 32, 69n4–6, 99–101, 104–8, 122, 123, 126, 133n35, 136n75, 151, 155, 204, 205, 208n21, 208n24, 237, 238, 267n4 Silverman, Kaja, 6, 9, 25n18, 26n34, 265 Siodmak, Robert, 35, 66–8, 96, 105, 133n35, 162–5, 168, 181, 183, 254 Skriabine, Pierre, 94, 95, 113, 133n18 Sobchack, Vivian, 7, 25n21, 206, 208n29, 210, 216, 265 Socrates, 121, 247n35 Staiger, Janet, 70n18, 128, 140n 158 Stanley, Fred, 104, 105, 135n57–9 Stavrakakis, Yannis, 177, 191n 121 Strachey, James, 39, 72n58 T Telotte, J.P., 13, 27n46, 37, 70n18, 187n46 Thomas, Deborah, 13, 23n3, 64, 75n119 Tourneur, Jacques, 35, 261 Truffaut, Franỗois, 236 Turim, Maureen, 13, 27n46 U Ursini, James, 105, 135n61, 249n80, 267n4 V Vaihinger, Hans, 225, 226, 248n49 Verhaeghe, Paul, 64, 67, 75n120, 76n132, 76n133, 186n29, 203 Vernet, Marc, 1, 10, 11, 15, 18, 19, 28n51, 37, 49, 56, 60–2, 79–82, 84–8, 89n1, 91, 93, 95–101, 104, 105, 108, 110, 115, 119, 120, 122–4, 126, 127, 133n31, 134n44, 153–5, 159, 163, 167, 184, 187n45, 190n101, 190n103, 198, 232, 255–7 Vighi, Fabio, 13, 27n47, 27n48 Vincendeau, Ginette, 20, 30, 35, 36, 70n10, 133n35, 181–3, 193n140, 193n143, 258 W Walker, Michael, 157, 187n49 Ward, Elizabeth, 32, 69n4, 100, 101, 104, 107, 133n35, 238 Index Wedel, Michael, 165, 189n75 Welles, Orson, 50, 73n71, 74n101, 187n46, 244 Wilder, Billy, 27n45, 32, 33, 35, 50, 96, 105, 107, 124, 128, 131, 133n35, 135n62, 162, 163, 183, 188n66 Wittgenstein, Ludwig, Wood, Mary P., 112, 137n90 Z Zeus, 146 Žižek, Slavoj, 2, 8–11, 15, 17, 20, 25n27, 26n29, 26n37, 26n38, 291 27n43, 28n49, 28n53, 46, 53, 59, 74n102, 87, 92, 93, 111, 113, 116, 122, 132n10, 136n86, 137n93, 137n95, 139n130, 139n132, 139n141, 140n155, 155, 165, 166, 174–8, 180, 183, 187n45, 188n69, 188n70, 189n73, 191n122, 192n131, 192n136, 198–201, 206, 207n5, 208n26, 217–20, 222, 226, 228, 229, 241, 243–5, 250n102, 257, 265 Zupančič, Alenka, 8, 147, 152, 185n14 ... Tyrer, Out of the Past, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-30942-2_1 Out of the Past (film) history Reading texts from his Écrits, such as The Instance of the Letter in the Unconscious” and The Subversion of the. .. Carroll’s Post-Theory sets itself up in express opposition to the “aggregate Introduction: Into the Past /Out of the Past of doctrines” and the “vagaries of Grand Theory” represented by the Screen... Introduction: Into the Past /Out of the Past In The Fright of Real Tears, Žižek launches a robust defence of Theory against Bordwell and Carroll, suggesting that the critique of Post-Theory should