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A cognitive study of expressions of metaphor of love in English versus Vietnamese (Luận án tiến sĩ)A cognitive study of expressions of metaphor of love in English versus Vietnamese (Luận án tiến sĩ)A cognitive study of expressions of metaphor of love in English versus Vietnamese (Luận án tiến sĩ)A cognitive study of expressions of metaphor of love in English versus Vietnamese (Luận án tiến sĩ)A cognitive study of expressions of metaphor of love in English versus Vietnamese (Luận án tiến sĩ)A cognitive study of expressions of metaphor of love in English versus Vietnamese (Luận án tiến sĩ)A cognitive study of expressions of metaphor of love in English versus Vietnamese (Luận án tiến sĩ)A cognitive study of expressions of metaphor of love in English versus Vietnamese (Luận án tiến sĩ)
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING UNIVERSITY OF DANANG HỒ TRỊNH QUỲNH THƯ A COGNITIVE STUDY OF EXPRESSIONS OF METAPHOR OF LOVE IN ENGLISH VERSUS VIETNAMESE DOCTORAL THESIS IN SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES Da Nang, 2018 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING UNIVERSITY OF DANANG HỒ TRỊNH QUỲNH THƯ A COGNITIVE STUDY OF EXPRESSIONS OF METAPHOR OF LOVE IN ENGLISH VERSUS VIETNAMESE Major: ENGLISH LINGUISTICS Code: 62.22.02.01 DOCTORAL THESIS IN SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES SUPERVISOR: Assoc.Prof Dr Phan Văn Hòa Da Nang, 2018 i STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP Except where bibliography is made in the text, the dissertation contains no material published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part from another author’s thesis or document It does not comprise any parts by which I have qualified for or been awarded another degree or diploma This dissertation is also assured that it has not been submitted for the award of any degree or diploma in any other tertiary institution Da Nang, January 2018 Hồ Trịnh Quỳnh Thư ii ABSTRACT The dissertation is carried out in the light of the conceptual metaphor theory fathered by Lakoff and Johnson (1980) It aims at investigating and comparing the expressions of metaphor of romantic love in three linguistic dimensions- space, time and sensory perceptions- of English and Vietnamese modern poetry The study uses the metaphor identification procedures raised by Charteris Black (2004), Pragglejaz Group (2007) and Steen (1999) to minimize the mistakes and increase the believability of its results of linguistic and conceptual metaphor identification Besides, technological tools, namely SPSS20 and Microsoft Excel 2013, are also applied to the analysis process of 3300 samples (1650 in each language) collected from 547 love poems The finding is that love is conceptualized in terms of 21 conceptual metaphors in English and Vietnamese Especially, one more source domain that is used for love in Vietnamese but not uncovered in our English data is sight It is one of the differences found between English and Vietnamese conceptualization of love via the language of space, time and sensory perceptions Interestingly, of 22 these source domains are considered partly or wholly new, including climate, drug, life, music, sight, source of energy, and time Besides, the expressions of metaphor of love are also determined both conventional and novel The novelty is manifested via four techniques- extending, elaboration, questioning, and combination, which once again proves the creativity and imaginativeness in poetic language In addition, the study also finds it that not only the conceptual metaphors but the spatial, temporal and sensory terms used to express love are similar between English and Vietnamese The similarities may result from the universality of conceptual metaphor and the objectiveness of natural world However, language is a cultural factor and directly under the effects of culture Metaphor is the reflection of individual thoughts and experiences As a result, the ways to express love identified in our study are different between these two languages iii TABLE OF CONTENTS STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP i ABSTRACT ii TABLE OF CONTENTS iii ABBREVIATIONS AND TYPOGRAPHICAL CONVENTIONS viii LIST OF THE TABLES ix LIST OF THE FIGURES xi CHAPTER INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale 1.2 Aims and objectives of the study 1.2.1 Aims of the study .4 1.2.2 Objectives of the study 1.3 Research questions 1.4 Focus and scope of the study 1.4.1 Focus of the study .5 1.4.2 Scope of the study .6 1.5 Justification for the study 1.5.1 Theoretical significance of the study 1.5.2 Practical significance of the study 1.6 Organization of the study 1.7 Summary 11 CHAPTER LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORETICAL BACKGROUND .13 2.1 Theoretical background 13 2.1.1 The conceptual metaphor theory (CMT) 14 2.1.1.1 The systematicity of conceptual metaphors 14 2.1.1.2 Partialness of conceptual metaphors 15 iv 2.1.1.3 Metaphorical coherence and understanding 16 2.1.1.4 Cognitive mechanism of conceptual metaphors .18 2.1.1.5 Types of conceptual metaphors 19 2.1.1.6 Limitations of the CMT 20 2.1.2 Recent development in conceptual metaphor 21 2.1.2.1 Categorization view of metaphor 22 2.1.2.2 Blending theory of metaphor 22 2.1.2.3 Neural theory of metaphor 24 2.1.2.4 The view based on the main meaning focus 25 2.1.3 Expression of metaphor 26 2.1.4 Metaphor and culture .26 2.1.5 Metaphor in literature and in poetry 27 2.1.6 Concepts of space, time and sensory perceptions 31 2.1.6.1 Space .31 2.1.6.2 Time 32 2.1.6.3 Sensory perception 32 2.1.7 Love as an emotion 33 2.1.8 Conceptual metaphors of love 34 2.2 Previous studies of metaphors of love 37 2.3 Summary 42 CHAPTER METHODOLOGY 44 3.1 Research design 44 3.1.1 Inductive approach 44 3.1.2 Qualitative and quantitative methods 45 3.1.3 Descriptive and contrastive methods .46 v 3.1.3.1 Descriptive method 46 3.1.3.2 Contrastive method 47 3.2 Data collection 47 3.2.1 Sources of data .48 3.2.2 Identification of linguistic metaphors 49 3.2.2.1 Charteris-Black’s method 50 3.2.2.2 MIP and MIPVU 51 3.2.3 Identification of conceptual metaphors 54 3.2.4 Identification of novel metaphors of love .55 3.3 Data analysis 56 3.3.1 Statistical analysis tool 56 3.3.2 Data analysis procedure 60 3.4 Summary 62 CHAPTER EXPRESSIONS OF METAPHOR OF LOVE IN ENGLISH POETRY 63 4.1 General description 63 4.2 English spatial language used to express love .65 4.2.1 English terms of location used to express love 65 4.2.2 English terms of configuration used to express love 69 4.2.3 English terms of movement used to express love 72 4.3 English temporal language used to express love 76 4.3.1 English chronological terms used to express love 76 4.3.2 English kairotic terms used to express love 79 4.4 English sensory language used to express love .84 4.4.1 English terms of visual perception used to express love 84 4.4.2 English terms of tactile perception used to express love .87 vi 4.4.3 English terms of gustatory perception used to express love 91 4.4.4 English terms of olfactory perception used to express love 93 4.4.5 English terms of auditory perception used to express love 94 4.5 Novelty of love metaphors in English poetry 97 4.5.1 Novelty of conceptual metaphors of love in English poetry 97 4.5.2 Novel use of love metaphors in English poetry 99 4.6 Summary 102 CHAPTER EXPRESSIONS OF METAPHOR OF LOVE IN VIETNAMESE POETRY love is expressed via language Many linguistic studies have been carried out to learn about the way to express the experiences of this feeling They have discussed the love expressions in many different senses In this thesis, only expressions of metaphor of romantic love are chosen for our investigation for some following reasons First, romantic love is a complex of attitudes, a complex sentiment involving erotic, cognitive, emotional and behavioral components which are difficult, if not impossible, to disentangle (Bartels & Zeki, 2004; Sternberg, 1988) Hence, studying romantic love means studying a sentiment with several components, which is an interesting challenge facing researchers who decide to study this kind of love Second, expressions of metaphor of romantic love are plentiful and diversified It is common knowledge that love captures the attention of many researchers for its complexity, abstraction and being difficult to define literally Kovecses (2000) supposed that for lack of an adequate vocabulary to clearly explicate and discuss the abstract idea of love, our language utilizes metaphors that draw from concrete experience as a means to relate this emotion in understandable terms The concept of love, especially romantic love, is thus perhaps the most highly “metaphorized” emotion concept because it is not only an emotion but a relationship as well (Kovecses, 2000, p.27) Besides, romantic love is regarded as one of the endless inspirations of writers, particularly poets, as a catalyst thanks to which their works are more tender and attractive This kind of affection is expressed or described depending on the writers’ thought and experiences Accordingly, it may be believed that poetical works provide our investigation with a considerably rich source of expressions of metaphor of romantic love It is the reason why our study just deals with the expressions of metaphor of romantic love collected from English and Vietnamese poetry 1.4.2 Scope of the study The study focuses on investigating and analysing English and Vietnamese metaphorical expressions of romantic love which are classified into three categories: space, time and sensory perceptions Then, they are compared to draw out the similarities and differences between these two languages Therefore, the issues that are concerned with our study are determined and limited as follows Firstly, except romantic love, the metaphorical expressions of other love kinds such as familial love, love of friends, religious love, and universal love are not examined The expression “full of love” in the lines “We're a proud family/ [ ] Happy/ full of love” (Walton, A Mountain Family Full of Love), for example, is not collected for our investigation because it expresses familial love Secondly, the expressions of metaphor of romantic love must be arranged into one of three categories: space, time and sensory perceptions, which are defined in 2.1.6 If they cannot meet this criterion, they are not chosen For example, although the terms “intoxication”, “drunk” and “high” in “Intoxication, you're pure intoxication./ To me, you're like a drug./ I get, drunk, high off you.” (Gardiner, Intoxication) are applied to express romantic love, they are not selected for our investigation because they not belong to any of three categories: space, time, or sensory perceptions Luận án đủ file: Luận án full ...MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING UNIVERSITY OF DANANG HỒ TRỊNH QUỲNH THƯ A COGNITIVE STUDY OF EXPRESSIONS OF METAPHOR OF LOVE IN ENGLISH VERSUS VIETNAMESE Major: ENGLISH LINGUISTICS... dissertation is carried out in the light of the conceptual metaphor theory fathered by Lakoff and Johnson (1980) It aims at investigating and comparing the expressions of metaphor of romantic love in. .. supposed that for lack of an adequate vocabulary to clearly explicate and discuss the abstract idea of love, our language utilizes metaphors that draw from concrete experience as a means to relate this