OPTICAL NETWORKS AND TECHNOLOGIES IFIP – The International Federation for Information Processing IFIP was founded in 1960 under the auspices of UNESCO, following the First World Computer Congress held in Paris the previous year An umbrella organization for societies working in information processing, IFIP’s aim is two-fold: to support information processing within its member countries and to encourage technology transfer to developing nations As its mission statement clearly states, IFIP’s mission is to be the leading, truly international, apolitical organization which encourages and assists in the development, exploitation and application of information technology for the benefit of all people IFIP is a non-profitmaking organization, run almost solely by 2500 volunteers It operates through a number of technical committees, which organize events and publications IFIP’s events range from an international congress to local seminars, but the most important are: The IFIP World Computer Congress, held every second year; Open conferences; Working conferences The flagship event is the IFIP World Computer Congress, at which both invited and contributed papers are presented Contributed papers are rigorously refereed and the rejection rate is high As with the Congress, participation in the open conferences is open to all and papers may be invited or submitted Again, submitted papers are stringently refereed The working conferences are structured differently They are usually run by a working group and attendance is small and by invitation only Their purpose is to create an atmosphere conducive to innovation and development Refereeing is less rigorous and papers are subjected to extensive group discussion Publications arising from IFIP events vary The papers presented at the IFIP World Computer Congress and at open conferences are published as conference proceedings, while the results of the working conferences are often published as collections of selected and edited papers Any national society whose primary activity is in information may apply to become a full member of IFIP, although full membership is restricted to one society per country Full members are entitled to vote at the annual General Assembly, National societies preferring a less committed involvement may apply for associate or corresponding membership Associate members enjoy the same benefits as full members, but without voting rights Corresponding members are not represented in IFIP bodies Affiliated membership is open to non-national societies, and individual and honorary membership schemes are also offered OPTICAL NETWORKS AND TECHNOLOGIES IFIP TC6 / WG6.10 First Optical Networks & Technologies Conference (OpNeTec), October 18-20, 2004, Pisa, Italy Edited by KEN-ICHI KITAYAMA Department of Electronics and Information Systems Osaka University, Japan FRANCESCO MASETTI-PLACCI Alcatel Vimercate, Italy GIANCARLO PRATI Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni – CNIT, Pisa, Italy Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy Springer eBook ISBN: Print ISBN: 0-387-23178-1 0-387-23177-3 ©2005 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc Print ©2005 by International Federation for Information Processing Boston All rights reserved No part of this eBook may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording, or otherwise, without written consent from the Publisher Created in the United States of America Visit Springer's eBookstore at: and the Springer Global Website Online at: http://ebooks.kluweronline.com http://www.springeronline.com Contents Preface xv Acknowledgments xvii Committees xix Perspectives on Optical Networks and Technologies Developments in Optical Seamless Networks Andrea Spaccapietra and Giovanni Razzetta (invited paper) Cinema-class Digital Content Distribution via Optical Networks 11 Tetsuro Fujii, Kazuhiro Shirakawa, Mitsuru Nomura, and Takahiro Yamaguchi (invited paper) Next Generation Networks – a Vision of Network Evolution Howard Green and Pierpaolo Ghiggino 19 An Overview of Key Technologies for the Next Generation Networks Howard Green and Pierpaolo Ghiggino 31 PART A1: Optical Packet Switching / Optical Burst Switching 45 Guaranteeing Seamless End-to-End QoS in OBS Networks 47 Maurizio Casoni, Maria Luisa Merani, Alessio Giorgetti, Luca Valcarenghi and Piero Castoldi vi A Framework for the Analysis of Delay Jitter in Optical Packet Switched 55 Networks F Callegati, W Cerroni, G Muretto, C Raffaelli and P Zaffoni Demonstration of Preamble less Optical Packet Clock and Data Recovery 63 with Optical Packet Switching Naoya Wada, Hatsushi Iiduka and Fumito Kubota 71 Cost Efficient Upgrading of OPS Nodes J Cheyns, C Develder, D Colle, E Van Breusegem and P Demeester A Scheduling Algorithm for Reducing Unused Timeslots by Considering Head Gap and Tail Gap in Time Sliced Optical Burst Switched 79 Networks Takanori Ito, Daisuke Ishii, Kohei Okazaki, Naoaki Yamanaka and Iwao Sasase WONDER: Overview of a Packet-Switched MAN Architecture A Bianciotto and R Gaudino 87 Performance of Optical Burst Switched WDM Ring Network with TTFR 95 System Yutaka Arakawa, Naoaki Yamanaka and Iwao Sasase PART A2: Routing 103 Assessing the Benefits of Wavelength Selection vs Wavelength Conversion in WDM Networks Nicola Andriolli, Luca Valcarenghi and Piero Castoldi 105 ILP Based Evaluation of Separate Wavelength Pool (Swap) Strategy Zsolt Lakatos 113 Distributed Wavelength Reservation Method for Fast Lightpath Setup in 121 WDM Networks Yosuke Kanitani, Shin’ichi Arakawa, Masayuki Murata and Kenichi Kitayama On-Arrival Planning for Sub-Graph Routing Protection in WDM Networks 129 Darli A A Mello, Marcio S Savasini, Jefferson U Pellegrini and Helio Waldman vii Routing and Wavelength Assignment for Scheduled and Random Lightpath Demands: Bifurcated Routing versus Non-Bifurcated Routing Mohamed Koubaa, Nicolas Puech and Maurice Gagnaire 137 Semi-Lightpath Approach for Bandwidth Guaranteed Protection in IPOver-WDM Networks 145 R Gangopadhyay, G Prati and N Rao Comparison of p-Cycle Configuration Methods for Dynamic Networks 153 Dominic A Schupke PART A3: GMPLS and network control 161 An Experimental GMPLS-based Wavelength Reservation Protocol for Flooding Global Wavelength Information in Uni-ring-based MAN 163 Raul Muñoz, Ricardo Martinez, Jordi Sorribes and Gabriel Junyent GMPLS with Interlayer Control for Session-Uninterrupted Disaster Recovery across Distributed Data Centers 171 Tetsuo Imai, Soichiro Araki, Tomoyoshi Sugawara, Norihito Fujita and Yoshihiko Suemura Monitoring Service “Health” in Intelligent, Transparent Optical Networks Carolina Pinart, Abdelhafid Amrani and Gabriel Junyent 179 A Centralized Path Computation System for GMPLS Transport Networks: Design Issues and Performance Studies 187 Gino Carrozzo, Stefano Giordano and Giodi Giorgi Intelligent OTN in the TLC Operator Infrastructures Ovidio Michelangeli and Alberto Mittoni Novel Active Monitoring of Customer Premises using Bluetooth in Optical Access Network S B Lee, W Shin and K Oh Shared Memory Access Method for a Computing Environment Hirohisa Nakamoto, Ken-ichi Baba and Masayuki Murata 195 203 210 viii PART A4: Traffic engineering 219 A Multilayer-Routing-Strategy with Dynamic Link Resource Adaptation Robert Prinz and Andreas Iselt 221 Evaluation of Bandwidth-Dependent Metrics for TE Links in a GMPLS 229 Path Computation System Gino Carrozzo, Stefano Giordano and Giodi Giorgi A New Traffic Aggregation Scheme in All-Optical Wavelength Routed 237 Networks Nizar Bouabdallah, Emmanuel Dotaro and Guy Pujolle 246 Multi-Layer Recovery Enabled with End-to-End Signaling D Verchere, D Leclerc, A Noury, B Ronot, M Vigoureaux, O Audouin, A Jourdan, D Papadimitriou, B Rousseau, G Luyts, S Brockmann, W Koeber and G Eilenberger Performance Analysis of the Control and Forwarding Plane in an MPLS 254 Router D Adami, N Carlotti, S Giordano, M Pagano and M Repeti 263 Inter-Domain Routing in Optical Networks Américo Muchanga, Lena Wosinska, Fredrik Orava and Joanna Haralson PART A5: Techniques for optical node 271 Optical Network Unit Based on a Bidirectional Reflective Semiconductor Optical Amplifier Josep Prat, Cristina Arellano, Victor Polo and Carlos Bock 273 Optical Label Recognition Based on Additional Pre-spread Coding 279 Hideaki Furukawa, Tsuyoshi Konishi, Kazuyoshi Itoh, Naoya Wada and Fumito Kubota Optical Feedback Buffering Strategies 284 Ronelle Geldenhuys, Jesús Paúl Tomillo, Ton Koonen, and Idelfonso Tafur Monroy 40Gb/s WDM-multicasting Wavelength Conversion from 160Gb/s OTDM Signal Yoshinari Awaji, Tetsuya Miyazaki and Fumito Kubota 292 ix Multiple Wavelength Conversion for WDM Multicasting by Means of Non-linear Effects in SOAs 299 G Contestabile, M Presi, E Ciaramella PART B1: Transmission system 305 Optimal Span Length Determination in Transmission Systems with Hybrid Amplification 307 J D Ania-Castón, I O Nasieva, S K Turitsyn, C Borsier and E Pincemin Separate Evaluation of Nonlinearity-Due Q Penalties in Long-Haul Very Dense WDM Optical Systems 313 Livio Paradiso, Pierpaolo Boffi, Lucia Marazzi, Nicola Dalla Vecchia, Massimo Artiglia and Mario Martinelli Suppression of Transient Gain Excursions in EDFA’s Mladen Males, Antonio Cantoni, and John Tuthill Dynamic BER Performance Monitoring of WDM Systems using a Sum-of-Gaussian Technique B Pal and R Gangopadhyay 319 327 Simultaneous Optimization of Hybrid Fiber Amplifiers and Dispersion Maps 332 Vittorio Curri and Stefan Tenenbaum Accurate Bit Error Rate Evaluation in Optically Preamplified DirectDetection P Martelli, S M Pietralunga, D Nicodemi and M Martinelli 340 Techno-Economic Analysis of Dispersion-Tolerant Transmission Techniques for 10Gb/s DWDM Systems 346 Cornelius Fürst, Helmut Griesser, Jörg-Peter Elbers and Christoph Glingener PART B2: Modulation formats 355 2.5 Gbps 2-PSK Ultra-Dense WDM Homodyne Coherent Detection using a Sub-Carrier based Optical Phase-Locked Loop S Camatel, V Ferrero, R Gaudino and P Poggiolini 357 596 channels add-drop operations, providing, at the same time, a cost effective signal power transients control and acceptable optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) performances EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP Fig shows the experimental set-up we have used to reproduce a worst case scenario in term of transient effects Seven, high power, 100 GHz spaced DFB lasers (from 1552.5 nm to 1557.6 nm) are multiplexed and switched on and off at 100 Hz by an acouto-optic modulator, before being combined with a probe signal at 1551.7 nm (the modulation period is ms, much longer than the network round trip time, which is about Note that in order to reproduce adding and dropping of 23/24 channels, the power/channel of the seven loading signals is always chosen about dB higher than the probe power (10log10(23/7)=5.16) Fig 1: Experimental set-up representing a worst case scenario All WDM signals are then inserted into the ring, at the first EDFA input, and then propagated along the network before being extracted at the last EDFA output, through a fixed channels add-drop multiplexer which leaves the ASE light to freely circulate in the ring All EDFAs in the network are operated at constant pump power (100 mW at 980 nm) The set-up shown in Fig allows us to measure the output spectrum, optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR), the probe power 597 transients induced by add-drop operations and the probe bit-error-rate performances at 10 Gb/s Note that two dispersion compensating fiber spools (1380 ps/nm) are introduced respectively at the transmitter and receiver side, to compensate exactly for the accumulated chromatic dispersion Variable optical attenuators (VOA) are used in each fiber span (25 km of standard SMF) and at the transmitter side in order to investigate network performances in different operation conditions such as varying the input power per channel and the span losses WDM RING NETWORK PERFORMANCES We have first investigated the probe power transient behaviour (see Fig 2) at the last EDFA output, under 23/24 WDM channels add-drop operations at the first EDFA input; the input probe power is –17 dBm and the span loss is 20 dB, high enough to ensure stable gain peaking at around 1532 nm, that is far enough from the WDM signal band (from 1542 nm to 1561 nm with 24, 100 GHz spaced channels) Note that, for a given EDFA structure and input power per channel, the span loss must be optimized in order to ensure the best compromise between good OSNR performances and lasing stability at around 1532 nm, under full WDM channels add-drop operations Fig 2: Transient behaviour at the last EDFA output induced by 23/24 WDM channels adddrop at the first EDFA input 598 From Fig we can notice a maximum probe power overshoot ( PTOT) of about 3.5 dB, which is very small if compared with the strong power transient which would be expected in such a long EDFA chain without any gain control Also note that after each loop transit time the lasing ligth, recirculating along the ring, clamps the gain with typical probe power transients induced by the lasing relaxation oscillations The clamping mechanism, provided by the ASE light re-circulation, is only partially effective and the steady-state probe power level remains about 2.5 dB above the steady-state condition with full network load this is due to spectral hole burning and un-homogeneous gain Fig 3: Probe power excursion at the last EDFA output induced by 23/24 WDM channels add and drop versus input signal power per channel We have also investigated the probe power transients by varying the input signal power per channel Fig clearly shows that both maximum overshoot and steady-state power difference grow with the input power per channel This is due to the fact that the more the lasing light is predominant, compared to the total signal power, the more the clamping mechanism, provided by ASE light re-circulation, is effective The probe output OSNR is greater than 24 dB (resolution bandwidth: 0.1 nm) and its maximum OSNR variation, induced by polarization dependent effects, has been measured to be less than about 0.7 dB Also the probe relative intensity noise (RIN) has been measured and compared with open and closed ring, at the same OSNR value: no penalties have been observed due to RIN transfer from laser light to signals However, in order to exclude all possible potential transmission penalties, related to both probe power transients and noise transfer from lasing light to WDM channels, we have performed BER measurment at 10 Gb/s 599 The probe signal has been externally modulated at 10 Gb/s (PRBS 223-1, NRZ format) and BER measurments versus OSNR have been performed under WDM channels add-drop operations Fig shows that no BER penalties have been observed with respect to back-toback conditions (receiver characterization by noise loading) Fig 3: BER versus OSNR with noise loading and with ASE light recirculation CONCLUSIONS We have presented and experimentally demonstrated an effective gain clamping technique, based on free ASE light re-circulation, in EDFA based WDM ring networks for metro applications Experimental results confirm that a proper EDFA and network design ensure robustness to add-drop operations and acceptable OSNR performances, without any transmission penalty related to the presence of ASE light re-circulation ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank Mr P Ghiggino for helpful discussions and suggestions 600 REFERENCES [1] M.Islam, “Raman amplifiers for telecommunications 1, Physical Principles” and Raman amplifiers for telecommunications 2, Sub-Systems and Systems”, SpringerVerlag, New York 2003 [2] P.Iannone, K Reichmann, “In-service up-grade of an amplified 130-km metro CWDM transmission systems using single LOA with 140 nm bandwidth”, OFC 2003, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, paper ThQ3 [3] Y Sun, A.K Srivastava, J.L Zyskind, J.W Sulhoff, T.A Strasser, C Wolf, J.R Pedrazzani, “Signal power variations in optically amplified WDM ring networks”, ECOC 1997, pp 135-137 [4] W Xin, G.K Chang, B.W Meagher, S.J.B Yoo, J.L Jackel, J.C Young, H Dai, G Ellinas, “The benefits of closed cycle lasing in transparent WDM networks”, ECOC 1999, Nice, France NOVEL OPTICAL DIRECT DETECTION SCHEME FOR DPSK SIGNALS USING FIBRE BRAGG GRATINGS P Munoz1, I T Monroy2, R Garcia1, J.J Vegas2, F.M Huijskens2, S Sales1, A Gonzalez1, J Capmany1, A.M.J Koonen2 IMCO2, Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia - SPAIN ssales@dcom.upv.es COBRA Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands, I.Tafur@tue.nl Abstract: A novel scheme for direct detection of DPSK signals using FBGs is proposed It alleviates the stability requirements of conventional one-bit-delay demodulators and it is suitable for very high data-rates INTRODUCTION Differential Phase-Shift Keying (DPSK) has been proposed as an attractive alternative to On-Off Keying (OOK) in optical fibre communication systems since it is robust to the nonlinear transmission impairments [1, 2] Balanced DPSK receivers using a one-bit-delay interferometer have been widely proposed because of its higher receiver sensitivity [1–3] and can profit from the advantage of integrated optics to realize stable and compact interferometers and balanced detectors However, there are some impairments present in one bit- delay interferometers for balanced DPSK detection [3]: arising from amplitude imbalance, finite extinction ratio of the interferometer, phase imbalance, delay-tobit rate mismatch, frequency offset and polarisation dependent delay Furthermore, the higher the data bit rate the more difficult it is to mitigate the aforementioned degradations We propose a novel DPSK receiver using Fibre Bragg Gratings (FBGs) which alleviates the stabilisation drawbacks of one-bit-delay balanced DPSK receivers Two similar approaches have been proposed before [4, 5], but to the 602 best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a correct recovery of the optical DPSK signal is demonstrated SYSTEM DESIGN The phase shift keying modulation consists on encoding a binary data stream as phase shifts in a signal [6] For an optical wave, this can be represented with the following expression: where is the electrical field power (constant), is the electrical field central frequency, are the binary symbols, is the electric pulse shape, is the phase shift corresponding to each binary transition, usually and the bit period In particular, optical DPSK consists in encoding a logical change in the bit stream, represented by the summation term in Eq by a phase shift of the optical wave [6] Hence, if we consider ideal rectangular pulses: the instantaneous frequency of the electrical field is given by: Hence, the phase shift can be also regarded as an instantaneous frequency shift, so a data transition from to corresponds to an instantaneous down frequency shift, while a to transition results in an instantaneous up frequency shift, which is represented by the delta functions in Eq Therefore, all the information from the original bit stream is encoded in these instantaneous frequency shifts Based on this properties, we propose a novel receiver scheme to recover data using direct detection and optical pre-filtering The setup for the receiver is shown in Fig Thus, to detect properly the optical signals, two FBG cantered in the upper (FBG+) and lower (FBG-) frequencies with respect to the central wavelength can be placed as shown in Fig This splits the positive and negative frequency shifts, which after direct detection are transformed in intensity peaks After the photodetectors some simple electronic components can be employed to convert the detected transitions in the received pulses 603 Figure Schematic diagram of the proposed DPSK receiver(PM: Phase modulator, PC: Power Coupler, FBG: Fibre Bragg Grating) SIMULATIONS The receiver was simulated using available commercial software (VPItransmissionMaker), and the results are shown in Fig 2, for a 10 Gbps bit stream The figure shows the intensity peaks corresponding to the transitions, detected each time data symbols change from to and from to (dark line), and how using a comparator and a low-pass filter, the bit stream is reconstructed (light line) The simulations were carried out for data rates from 2.5 Gbps up to 40 Gbps, and in all the cases we found good agreement between the theory and the simulations EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS We have experimentally implemented the set-up presented in Fig 1, upto point A, to test the theoretical analysis and simulations Only a single branch (one FBG and a single optical photodetector, followed by and oscilloscope) was used, replacing the FBG conveniently to measure the positive and negative frequency shifts respectively We used a continuous wave tunable laser source with an output optical power of -2 dBm An external optical phase modulator was driven by 10 Gb/s PRBS sequence The bit sequence length was with a mark probability for the logical “1” of 7/8, in order to obtain a small number of logical “0” in the fixed pattern The FBG had a reflectivity of 0.5 with a Full-Width Half Maximum of GHz The FBG was used in reflection, as depicted in Fig The results are plotted in Fig In both plots, the electrical transmitted signal and the detected pulse edge transitions are shown, both for the negative and positive frequency shifts, from the laser nominal frequency From the figure, there is a meaningful agreement between the experimental data and the results from the simulations shown in Fig 604 Figure Simulation results intensity peaks at point A (dark line) of Fig and recovered bit stream (light line) at point B of Fig The scale of the oscilloscope is 50 mV/div and ns/div The upper trace of each plot in Fig is the transmitted signals and the lower trace is the recovered data at point A in the setup shown in Fig Fig 3-(a) shows the detected pulse leading edges when the FBG is placed at frequencies lower than the optical carrier, which is in good agreement with the theory and simulations Fig 3-(b) shows the other case, with similar results and conclusions Also, some ripples are observed in the figures, which are attributed to the fact that each time the spectrum is shifted some of the signal energy falls within the FBG side lobes, and is detected by the photodiode This can be alleviated by a proper design in the pulse shaping electronics stage after detection, from A to B in Fig Fig shows the results for the case when the FBG is aligned with the transmitter wavelength It can be seen that each time a logical “0” (a transition in the upper trace) is transmitted, the detected power decreases due to the shift of the spectrum Thus, the receiver scheme of Fig can be simplified to use a single FBG placed at the central wavelength at the expenses of receiver sensitivity, as has been also reported by other authors [5] 605 Figure Transmitted electrical signal and measured pulse edge detection for (a) negative (FBG-) and (b) positive (FBG+) frequency shifts CONCLUSIONS We have proposed a novel receiver scheme for DPSK signals which alleviates the impairments of stabilisation of the conventional one-bit-delay optical interferometer The receiver is based in optical separation, using a filter as for example a fibre Bragg grating, of the lower and upper frequency of a optical PSK signal, which detected independently, yielding intensity peaks after the photodiodes at instants corresponding to the trailing and leading edges, respectively, of the transmitted pulses Although the FBG requires thermal stabilisation, it is less complex than stabilisation of optical interferometers In 606 the interferometer configuration, increasing the bit rate is challenging, since higher precision is needed in the delay line Conversely, the proposed receiver is advantageous in this sense, since it becomes simpler to realize for operation at high bit-rates, because the slopes of the FBGs can then be smoother, and therefore easy to fabricate Moreover, for optical interferometer DPSK demodulators operating at high bit rates, stabilisation issues become stricter One aspect of concern of the proposed scheme is its efficiency in terms of detected energy; however, as it can be seen in Fig the signal-to-noise ratio of the detected signals is good enough for further signal processing Techniques to improve the performance of the proposed scheme are under study such as pulse shaping and grating design Figure Detected signal when the FBG is aligned with the transmitter wavelength REFERENCES [1] J Sinsky, A Adamiecki, A Gnauck, C Burrus, J Leuthold, O Wohlgemuth, S Chandrasekhar, and A Umbach, “RZ-DPSK transmission using a 42.7-Gb/s integrated balanced optical front end with record sensitivity,” J Lightwave Technol., vol 22, pp 180–185, Jan 2004 [2] D Gill, A Gnauck, X Liu, X Wei, and Y Su, alternate-phase on-off keyed 42.7 Gb/s long-haul transmission over 1980 km of standard single-mode fiber,” IEEE Photon Technol Lett., vol 16, pp 906–908, Mar 2004 [3] P Winzer and K Hoon, “Degradations in balanced DPSK receivers,” IEEE Photon Technol Lett., vol 15, pp 1282–1284, Sept 2003 [4] A Royset and D Hjelme, “Novel dispersion tolerant optical duobinary transmitter using phase modulator and bragg grating filter,” in European Conference on Optical Communications, vol 1, pp 225–226, Sept 1998 [5] D Penninckx, H Bissessur, P Brindel, E Gohin, and F Bakhti, “Optical differential phase shift keying (DPSK) direct detection considered as a duobinary signal,” in European Conference on Optical Communications, vol 3, pp 456–457, September 2001 [6] B Sklar, Digital Communications Prentice Hall, 2nd ed., 2001 Authors’ Index Abedin, K S 403 Adami, D 254 Amrani, A 179 Andriolli, N 105 Ania-Castanon, J D 307 Arakawa, S 121 Arakawa, Y 95 Araki, S 171 Arellano, C 273 Artiglia, M 313 Audouin, O 246 Awaji, Y 292 Baba, K.-I 210 Beleffi, G.M T 537 Bennion, I 560 Benz, A 438 Betti, S 537 Bhamber, R S 371 Bianciotto, A 87 Birnbacher, U 579 Bloch, M 390 Blow, K J 416 Bock, C 273 Boffi, P 313; 377; 573 Bogoni, A 565; 595 Borsier, C 307 Boscolo, S 416 Bouabdallah, N 237 Braimiotis, C 530 Bramerie, L 545 Brockmann, S 246 Bruno, G 595 Buimovich-Rotem, E 481 Callegati, F 55 Camatel, S 357 Camera, M 524 Campopiano, S 474 Cantoni, A 319 Capmany, J 601 Carlotti, N 254 Carrozzo, G 187; 229 Cascelli, S 537 Casoni, M 47 Castoldi, P 47; 105 Cavalieri, F 595 Cerroni, W 55 Cheyns, J 71 Chlestil, C 579 Chovan, J 422 Ciaramella, E 299; 517 Cincotti, G 466 Colavolpe, G 499 Colle, D 71 Contestabile, G 299 Corti, A 524 608 Crognale, C 587 Curri, V 332 Curti, F 537 Cusano, A 474 Cussey, J 390 Cutolo, A 474 Cvecek, K 438; 552 Dainese, M 451 Demeester, P 71 D’Errico, A 595 Develder, C 71 Di Muro, R 595 Di Pasquale, F 595 Dotaro, E 237 Pincemin 307 Eberhard, M 530 Eilenberger, G 246 Elbers, J.-P 346 Ferrero, V 357 Fiorelli, A 537 Fiorone, R 524 Foggi, T 499 Forestieri, E 499 Forin, D M 537 Fujii, T 11 Fujita, N 171 Fürst, C 346 Furukawa, H 279 Gagnaire, M 137 Gangopadhyay, R 145; 327 Garcia, R 601 Gaudino, R 87; 357 Gaviraghi, P 573 Gay, M 545 Gebhart, M 579 Geldenhuys, R 284 Ghiggino, P 19; 31 Giordano, S 187; 229; 254 Giorgetti, A 47 Giorgi, G 187 Giorni, G 229 Girault, G 545 Glingener, C 346 Gonzalez, A 601 Gray, A 560 Green, H 19; 31 Griesser, H 346 Grover, C P 445 Guglielmucci, M 537 Han, Y.-G 409 Haralson, J 263 Huang, Z 560 Huijskens, F M 601 Iiduka, H 63 Imai, T 171 Iselt, A 221 Ishii, D 79 Italia, V 474 Ito, T, 79 Itoh, K 279; 430 Jeong, Y D 459 Jourdan, A 246 Junyent, G 163; 179 Kaino, A: 489 Kanitani, Y 121 Khrushchev, I 560 Kim, S H 409 Kitayama, K.-I 466 Kitayama, K.-I 121 Koeber, W 246 Kogure, T 409 Konishi, T 279; 430 Koonen, A M J 364; 601 Koonen, T 284 Koubaa, M 137 Kubota, F 63; 279; 292; 396; 403 Lakatos, Z 113 Leclerc, D 246 Lee, H J 459 Lee, J H 409 Lee, S B 203; 409 Leitgeb, E 579 Leuchs, G 438; 552 Lu, Z G 445 Luyts, G 246 Magri, R 595 609 Males, M 319 Marazzi, L.313; 377; 573 Martelli, P 340; 377 Martinelli, M 313; 340; 377; 573 Martinez, R 163 Matera, F 537 Mc.Laughlin, S W 390 Meißner, M 438 Meissner, M 552 Mello, D A A 129 Meloni, G 565 Merani, M L 47 Merolla, J M 390 Mezentsev, V 371 Michelangeli, O 195 Mittoni, A 195 Miyazaki, T 292; 396 Monroy, I T 284; 364; 601 Monterosso, S 537 Morishita, K 489 Muchanga, A 263 Muhammad, S S 579 Munoz, P 601 Muñoz, R 163 Murata,M 121; 210 Muretto, G 55 Nakamoto, H 210 Nasieva, I O 307 Nekuchaev, A O 384 Nicodemi, D 340 Nishitani, T 430 Nomura, M 11 Noury, A 246 Oh, K 203 Okazaki, K 79 Olmos, J.J.V 364 Orava, F 263 Pagano, M 254 Pal, B 327 Papadimitriou, D 246 Paradiso, L 313; 377 Parolari, P 377; 573 Pellegrini, J U 129 Perasso, A 524 Pietralunga, S M 340 Pinart, C 179 Pisco, M 474 Poggiolini, P 357 Polo, V 273 Poti, L 565 Prat, J 273; 364 Prati, G 145; 499 Presi, M 299 Prinz, R 221 Puech, N 137 Pujolle, G 237 Raffaelli, C 55 Rao, N 145 Razzetta, G Reale, A 537 Repeti, M 254 Richardson, D J 409 Righetti, A 377 Rognoni, E 573 Roncin, V 545 Ronot, B 246 Rosa, L 587 Rousseau, B 246 Sacchi, G 595 Sadot, D 481 Sales, S 601 Sasase, I 79; 95 Savasini, M S 129 Schmauss, B 438; 552 Schupke, D A 153 Setzu, R 451 Shen, Y 507 Shin, W 203 Shirakawa, K 11 Siano, R 377 Simon, J -C 545 Sorribes, J 163 Spaccapietra, A Speciale, M 524 Sponsel, K 438; 552 Suemura, Y 171 Sugawara, T 171 Sugliani, S 595 Sun, F G 445 Tangdiongga, E 364 610 Tenenbaum, S 332 Tomillo, J P 284 Turitsyn, S 371 Turitsyn, S K 307; 416 Tuthill, J.319 Won, Y H 459 Wosinska, L 263 Wosinski, L 451 Uherek, F 422 Yamaguchi, T 11 Yamanaka, N 79; 95 Yang, B 507 Yoo, H 459 Yusupaliev, U 384 Valcarenghi, L 47; 105 van Berkel, J P A 364 Van Breusegem, E 71 Vecchia, N D 313 Vegas, J J 601 Verchere, D 246 Vigoureaux, M 246 Wada, N 63; 279; 466 Waldman, H 129 Weisser, S 438 Xiao, G Z 445 Zaffoni, P 55 Zhang, J 507 Zhang, X 507 Zheng, Y 507 ... on Optical Networks and Technologies Developments in Optical Seamless Networks Andrea Spaccapietra and Giovanni Razzetta (invited paper) Cinema-class Digital Content Distribution via Optical Networks. .. non-national societies, and individual and honorary membership schemes are also offered OPTICAL NETWORKS AND TECHNOLOGIES IFIP TC6 / WG6.10 First Optical Networks & Technologies Conference (OpNeTec),... on optical networks and related technologies are presented, including IP over WDM integration, burst and packet switchings, control and managements, operation, metro- and access networks, and