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Một số vấn đề tóm tắt nghiên cứu về văn hóa, chính trị, con người và nghệ thuật truyền thống của đất nước Malaysia. There are 13 states and 3 Federal Territories in Malaysia. Eleven states and two Federal Territories are found in Peninsular Malaysia and the rest is located in East Malaysia. The states are further divided into administrative districts. In Sabah and Sarawak, they are first divided into divisions, then further divided into districts.
Political There are 13 states and Federal Territories in Malaysia Eleven states and two Federal Territories are found in Peninsular Malaysia and the rest is located in East Malaysia The states are further divided into administrative districts In Sabah and Sarawak, they are first divided into divisions, then further divided into districts The politics of Malaysia is based on a federal constitutional monarchy, in which the King is head of state and the Prime Minister is the head of government Executive power is exercised by the federal government and the 13 state governments Federal legislative power is vested in the federal parliament and the 13 state assemblies The capital and also the largest city in Malaysia is Kuala Lumpur Kuala Lumpur is considered as the main commercial and financial centre of Malaysia, otherwise, Putrajaya is a planned city was constructed in 1999, 25 km south of Kuala Lumpur, that serves as the federal administrative centre of Malaysia as many executive and judicial branches of the federal government were moved there to ease growing congestion within Kuala Lumpur Population The population of Malaysia was 30,073,353 ( July 2014), rank in the 44nd most populated country in the world The majority ethnic group within the country is Malay, account for 50.1%, Chinese – 22.6%, indigenous groups in Sabah and Sarawak - 11.8%, Indian – 6.7% and others Peninsular Malaysia has an urban population of 70% This area consists of 28 million Malaysians, and the population is mostly concentrated here Economy Malaysia, a middle-income country, transformed itself from 1971 through the late 1990's from a producer of raw materials into an emerging multi-sector economy Malaysia has long been integrated into the global economy Through the early decades of the twentieth century, the Malaysia peninsula was a world leader in the production of tin and natural rubber Malaysia's industrialization is dependent on imports for food and other necessities GDP - composition, by sector (2013): - Agriculture: 11.2% - Industry: 40.6% - Services: 48.1% Agriculture: - Peninsular Malaysia: rubber, palm oil, cocoa, rice - Sabah: subsistence crops, rubber, coconuts, rice - Sarawak: rubber, pepper, timber Industries: - Peninsular Malaysia: rubber and oil palm processing and manufacturing, light manufacturing industry, electronics, tin mining and smelting, logging and processing timber - Sabah: logging, petroleum production - Sarawak: agriculture processing, petroleum production and refining Culture Because of multi-ethnic make up, Malaysia is very unique in terms of its culture People of different religions, country of origin and backgrounds has influenced its art and culture and cuisine as well There are Malay, Chinese, Indian and Eurasian culture, along with the cultures of the indigenous groups of the peninsula and north Borneo Thus, a unified Malaysian culture is something only emerging in the country Music Traditional Malay music and performing arts appear to have originated in the Kelantan-Pattani region with influences from India, China, Thailand and Indonesia The music is based around percussion instruments, the most important of which is the gendang(drum) There are at least 14 types of traditional drums Besides drums, other instruments (some made of shells) include: the rebab (a bowed string instrument), the serunai (a double-reed oboelike instrument), the seruling (flute), and trumpets Music is traditionally used for storytelling and celebrating life-cycle events such as harvests Drama One of Malaysia’s most traditional representative art form is mak yong, in which the performers sing, dance and act out heroic legends Mak yong was declared as "Masterpiece Of The Oral And IntangibleHeritage Of Humanity" in 2005 by UNESCO A performance begins by paying respect to the spirits with an offering, followed by dancing, acting and improvised dialogues Puppet shows Another popular attraction is Wayang Kulit, a traditional form of theatre using leather puppets and shadows to relate tales about the Ramayana - epic poem of India Moral values are easier to absorb in the form of parables, which is why wayang kulit has flourished Batik The method of Malaysian batik production is quite different from that of Indonesian batik as Malaysian batik is mostly large floral motifs, light and vibrant in colouring Malaysian batik depicting humans or animals are rare because Islamic practices forbid animal images and other pictures which are against sharia as decoration Garland Making Another integral part of cutural heritage of Malaysia is Garland Making also known as Bunga Garland is a combination of flowers, holy basil and the leaves of the margosa or mango tree These products are used in religious event, such as weddings, moving home, or welcoming guests Weaving The art of screw pine weaving has flourished from simple to complicated form In traditional Malay society, a woman was not considered well prepared for life unless she developed a skill in the art of weaving Hence this skill formed an integral part of character and personality development In gerneral, each ethnic group in Malaysia have distinct performening arts Beside many artworks such as weaving, woven batik, garland making Malaysia also famous for traditional handicrafts which contain from priceless authentic antiques to exquisite modern hand-made crafts, songket fabrics, wooden masks and silversmithing References Numb er of refere Date URL access ed nce 15 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Malaysia July 2014 15 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putrajaya July 2014 15 http://malaysiatourism11.blogspot.co.nz/ July 2014 15 http://www.everyculture.com/Ja-Ma/Malaysia.html#ixz July 2014 https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-worldfactbook/geos/my.html http://www.stratfor.com/image/malaysian-populationdensity http://www.destination-asia.com/malaysia/about/culture/ 15 July 2014 15 July 2014 15 July 2014 http://www.gayatravel.com.my/issues/echanting-mak-yongrecognised-as-world-heritage-by-unesco#lightbox/0/ 15 July 2014 http://www.unesco.org/culture/intangibleheritage/23apa_uk.htm http://www.jadibatek.com/index.php? 10 option=com_content&view=article&id=48:major-types-ofbatik-in-malaysia&catid=37:batikinfo&Itemid=58&lang=en 15 July 2014 15 July 2014 ... out heroic legends Mak yong was declared as "Masterpiece Of The Oral And IntangibleHeritage Of Humanity" in 2005 by UNESCO A performance begins by paying respect to the spirits with an offering,... Malaysian batik is mostly large floral motifs, light and vibrant in colouring Malaysian batik depicting humans or animals are rare because Islamic practices forbid animal images and other pictures which... silversmithing References Numb er of refere Date URL access ed nce 15 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Malaysia July 2014 15 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putrajaya July 2014 15 http://malaysiatourism11.blogspot.co.nz/