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Tiểu luận bản đầy đủ môn Giao thoa văn hóa Khoa Tiếng Anh.ASSIGNMENT ON INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATIONĐề tài: COMPARISION ENGLISH GREETINGS AND VIETNAMESE GREETINGS(SO SÁNH LỜI CHÀO HỎI CỦA NGƯỜI ANH VÀ LỜI CHÀO HỎI CỦA NGƯỜI VIỆT) CONTENTS Contents…………………………………………………………………………………...1 I.Introduction…………………………………………………………………....2 II.Development………………………………………………………………...…3 1.Theory background……………….………………………………………............3 1.1.Definitions about “Greeting”……………………………………..................3 1.2.Greeting gestures…………………………………………………...……….4 2.Greetings in Vietnamese and in English………………………………………....4 2.1.Greetings in English…………………………………………………...……4 2.1.1.Greeting expressions………………………………………………….…4 2.1.2.Greeting gestures…………………………………………..……………5 2.1.3.Special greetings……………………………………………….………..5 2.2.Greetings in Vietnamese………………………………………………..…..5 2.2.1.Greeting expressions……………………………………………………6 2.2.2.Greeting gestures………………………………………………………..6 2.2.3.Special greetings………………………………………………………...7 3.A comparison between English and Vietnamese greetings………………….…7 3.1.Similarities………………………………………………………………….8 3.1.1.Greeting expressions………...………………………………………….8 3.1.2.Greeting gestures………………………..………………………………8 3.2.Differences…………………………………………………...……………..8 3.2.1.Culture…………………………………………………………………..9 3.2.2.Religion………………………………………………………………….9 III.Conclusion……………………………………………………………………10 REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………...….11 I.Introduction As we know there are many countries in the world. Each has own it culture. ‘’A nation''''''''s culture resides in the hearts and in the soul of its people’’- Mahatma Gandhi. It is true that knowing the culture of a country is, in effect, a guide to understanding the soul of that country and its people. Culture refers to many factors such as art, music, food, literature, etc. However, on the study, I would like to show my understanding about greeting culture. As an English learner, first of all, I learn greeting in English such as: “Hi”, “Hello”, “Good morning”, etc, and learn how to use them. I find a lot of interesting points of English culture in common , English greetings in particularly. Hence, on this paper, I would like to show my understanding about English greetings. Specially, I will compare and contrast it with Vietnamese greeting to show the differences and similarity between greetings of two countries. I hope that my study will help people who are interested in English culture, will have more knowledge about English culture and intercultural communication of it with Vietnamese culture. II.Development 1.Theory background. 1.1.Definitions about “Greeting”. •When you see a friend or someone you may probably say “Hi”, “Hello”, “Good morning”, etc to them or you may wave or smile or maybe you do all of them. These actions are called greetings. Greetings are things people say or do to show that they recognize the presence of the others. Greeting is an important communicative etiquette and it is a cultural etiquette. Because of differences in culture, language, every country has its own ways yo form greetings. For examples: -“Good evening”, “Hello”, “What’s up!”, etc (in English) -“Chào”, “Xin chào”, “Chào bác”, etc (in Vietnamese) -“Konichiwa”, “Ohio”, etc (in Japan) •Perhaps, greeting is one of the most popular interactions among people. Everyone in the world greets each other, every country has its own greeting culture. Greeting is an important activity. Firstly, it is clear that almost every human interaction begins with greetings. When meeting, people do not start talking directly, first of all they greet each other then they talk about the topics. In other words, every communication begins with greetings. Greetings are not just sayings, gestures used to start the conservation, they also conveys messages. People’s greetings can show the relationships among greeters. A good greeting helps to maintain the conversation and leads the communicators to take interest in talking to each other. Through greetings, you can express your friendliness, respect, politeness, etc, or your friends by choosing suitable greetings and intonation. That is the key for you and your friends to have successful conversation. The ways people greet (gestures or saying) can tell us information about culture, customs, religion, etc. Basing on greetings, we can also indicate something about the social status, age-range of the greeters. 1.2.Greeting gestures Greetings are not just words, sayings. Body language –the way people stand, people look at the other’s faces, the movement you make during greeting process are the greeting gestures. There are a lot of greeting gestures, and greeting gestures vary from culture to culture. For example: Kissing, handshake, bow, waving, eyes contact,…; greetings used in formal situations, greetings used in informal situations, special greetings, religious greetings. 2.Greetings in Vietnamese and in English 2.1.Greetings in English Like many countries in the world, England has the system of greeting including greeting expressions and greeting gestures. 2.1.1.Greeting expressions •Direct greeting expressions: In English, there are a number of direct greeting expressions, which contain verbs of greeting like “greet”, “welcome”, greeting words like “Hello” , “Hi” , “Hey” , etc. The interjections “hello, hi, hallo,” are often used in informal situations. They are used commonly by young generation and among close friends, etc, and people who have slight relationship with each other. The greeting expressions which include the verbs of greeting like “greet”, “welcome” are often used in writing, or informal situations. For examples: I greet her by saying good morning (in writing) “Greetings Ladies and Gentlemen!” Or “Ladies and Gentlemen!” (formal) Welcome to our Beauty contest. (greeting of a speaker) Welcome to Hanoi city. •Indirect greeting expressions: In English, there are a lot of indirect greeting expressions. There are some ways of forming indirect greeting expressions. This kind of greeting in English is divided into two groups basing on the linguistic forms. They are: “Good + part of the day” such as: “Good morning” , “Good evening” , “Good afternoon” and “questions (usually open questions)” such as: “How are you?”, “How do you do?” , “what’ s new?” , “what’ s up?” , etc. 2.1.2.Greeting gestures Whereas in many countries and in the European continent, handshaking is done when meeting and departing day in and day out and even the same assortment of acquaintances, in England as well as Great Britain, it is done less frequently. It is sometimes difficult to know when to shake hands with English people in business situations, men always shake hands when they first meet each other. Recently, especially in the business world, women have begun to shake hands, too. And younger women shake hands more often than older women do. 2.1.3.Special greetings In English, there are not many special greetings their religion -Christianity- does not affect their greeting much. On special days, they have special greetings for the days. On the New Year days, they usually greet each other by saying “Happy new year” in the birthday party, they say “Happy birthday” to that person. On the Christmas day, people would say: “Merry Christmas”. These greetings function as a greeting, and a wish that many good things come with you. These greetings are indirect greeting expressions. In the old time, the Queen of England was greeted very formally by her subjects, usually when someone greeted the Queen, he had to knee and kiss the Queen’s hand when she offered her hand. 2.2.Greetings in Vietnamese To Vietnamese culture, the greeting is very important in everyday conversation, as there is a saying that: “A greeting is more important than a meal” (Lời chào cao hơn mâm cỗ). As the Vietnamese have to greet people everywhere, every time they meet. Therefore, there are a great number of greetings in Vietnamese and they can also be divided into two main kinds: Greeting expressions and greeting gestures. 2.2.1.Greeting expressions As Vietnamese greet each other usually, there are many greeting expressions in Vietnamese. There are also direct expressions and indirect greeting expressions. •Direct greeting expressions: The direct greeting expressions (expressions which contain verbs of greeting and greeting words) are formed as follow: Chào + title or name of the greeter or both For examples: “Chào bác”, “Chào anh”, “Chào cô”, etc. When the greeting expressions include “chào + title and name”, it is more formal greeting. To be more formal we can add some more extra words like: “xin, kính, ạ” For example: -Chào bác ạ! -Ừ. Chào cháu! -Xin kính chào quý vị và các bạn! In Vietnamese, there are many direct greeting expressions that are used widely. They are used in both formal and informal situations depending on the choice of the greeters. •Indirect greeting expressions: In Vietnamese, the number of indirect greeting expressions are much more than any countries in the world. For examples: About health: “Anh khỏe chứ?”, “Bác khỏe không?”, “Chị nhà thế nào rồi?”,… About work: “Đang làm gì rồi cháu?”. “Công việc lương lậu thế nào?”, “Giờ làm ở đâu rồi anh?”,… About weather: “Thời tiết hôm nay ngột ngạt quá bác nhỉ?”,… 2.2.2.Greeting gestures Greeting gestures of Vietnamese are very abundant because of the influence of the Western culture. Shaking hands is the Western custom, but it has been spreading rapidly since the colonization of the France and Western countries. Now it probably becomes the customary form of greeting gestures. Bow is another kind of greeting gesture in Vietnam as well as some other Asian countries, like China, Japan. Bow is used when people greet a 34 person with high position in society. Friends never greet each other with bow.