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To help people know more deeply about this group, this report is about its organizational structure and culture of which many people are concerned about as well as factors influencing on individual behavior at work. That is not the only reason to make this report spread Mai Linh group’s trademark but also get further future and be good document for future research.
1 Introduction The market economy is always the opportunity and challenge for every business of all economic sectors, especially private-run company Thus, each company has its own development strategy and business philosophy to grow up Mai Linh Group has also adopted flexible operating principles, depending on specific conditions, to speed up development Being considered as one of the most reliable and famous groups in transportation field of Vietnam, Mai Linh group has a long history with its attempting progress during 15 years all over Vietnam Mai Linh is confident to be an active Vietnamese group that is really interested in social activities and is appreciated about accomplishing its responsibilities With this organizational behavior, Mai Linh gets a good impression and image to customers Besides, it also proves its own position in transportation market of Vietnam with its achievements in different business fields and its provided services in 50 provinces in Vietnam To help people know more deeply about this group, this report is about its organizational structure and culture of which many people are concerned about as well as factors influencing on individual behavior at work That is not the only reason to make this report spread Mai Linh group’s trade-mark but also get further future and be good document for future research Organizational Structure 2.1 Divisional structure Figure 1: Mai Linh group organization by division structure Organization structure is one of key factors whether a company operates efficiently or not For that reason, Mai Linh group really attaches special importance to how to organize their structure conveniently and divisional structure is one of their choices to achieve their goals Divisional structure is a structure in which positions are grouped according to similarity of products, services or market In particular, the group carries out the divisional structure with diverse operations cutting across areas and products which are two typical types of this structure a Geographic Mai Linh group’s geographic structure is based on areas of Vietnam including Mai Linh Northeastern Vietnam, Mail Linh Northwestern Vietnam, Mai Linh Northern central Vietnam, Mai Linh Southern central and Highland Vietnam, Mai Linh Southeastern Vietnam, Mai Linh southwestern Vietnam and Mai Linh overseas Applying this type of structure, Mai Linh group has got many advantages Firstly, geographic structure helps the group serve local needs better because the managing area is limited so it is easier for employees to understand the local people as well as the local culture Also, the small companies have good opportunities to compete positively across missions and objectives of the group With strengths of each area, this geographic structure could be a useful tool for local companies of Mai Linh to discover and develop If Mai Linh Southeastern Vietnam is good for their population and high living standard, Mai Linh Northeastern is proud of their convenient location with the beautiful images of Hanoi capital and potential tourism system On the other hand, no matter how each place’s strengths are, the prices of services are the same and with Taxi Mai Linh it cost 10,000 VND for 0,8 first km, then 12,000 VND per km for next 20 kilometers and 8,500 VND per km for customers who enjoy this service more than 20 km Besides, organizing the structure based on geographic division will make more effective communication between firm and local customers with stronger customer orientation and more accurate measurement However, organization by location could not avoid its limitations in organization of the company The different among areas about economic and cultural situation is a difficult for the group to solve, which is really easy to cause conflict between local and central management For example, Mai Linh Hanoi and Mai Linh Vinh Phuc ( a small province of Northeastern Vietnam) are really different about economic conditions as well as purposes in needs of people so with this structure, the group will have troubles in making balance in managing methods for this structure Moreover, this structure can also make duplication of resources and functions among areas and this could make repetition in the organizational structure of the group, so it will be a challenge for the managers to compare and contrast the efficiency in the operation of the group based on organizational structure This is also an important factor for the management department to find out and consolidate weaknesses of Mai Linh b Product After 15 years with its ups and downs, Mai Linh group is confident to get many a lot of success in main services which is considered as organization by product of Mai Linh group Being non state-owned enterprise, Mai Linh brings jobs for more than 10,000 people in its fields including Mai Linh transport, Mai Linh training, Mai Linh tourism, Mai Linh manufacture and trading, Mai Linh finance, Mai Linh information technology, Mai Linh security and bodyguard service, Mai Linh construction and other business and service Organization by product helps the group have clear focus on market segment and be more convenient to meet customers’ needs Each product has its own specialization in its characters and objectives According to the development strategy of Mai Linh Group in 2007-2010, it is easy to see the differences among services: In transportation Increasing the national TAXI network to 10,000 taxis Expanding the 16-24 seat Express coaches to 1,000 units Investing in the new national intercity coach system to 1,000 (45-60 seat) units Upgrading transportation system to GPS technology In tourism Introducing new in-bound tourism packages and establishing more overseas tourism offices to explore the growing interest of international visitors to Vietnam Increasing promotion activities in domestic and out-bound markets Developing multifunctional tourism precincts, including hotels, restaurants, fun fairs, ecotourism areas, fully insured adventurous activities In trading Distributing vehicles for Mai Linh Group and other domestic partners through distribution network, agents, automobile and spare supermarkets Importing and exporting automobiles spare parts, agricultural, aqua cultural, handicrafts, textile and garment export, pure stilling water, industry-used white sand In construction Actively taking part in the tendering for Rest areas project Being investor in the “Mai Linh Village” project in Dong Nai Providing project management services for the “Mai Linh Office Building No.2” Moreover, the group can get better control with each service because they operate based on different usage and purposes so they also make separate profit Another reason is that stimulated decentralization is carried out efficiently; managing activities of the company becomes freer then they have many chances to expand the market presence Look at the other side, Mai Linh also has to deal with a lot of troubles in using this organizational structure Unlike geographic structure, this type of structure makes negative effects of competition With the differences in usage purposes and ranks of customers, services could tend to attract the same type of customers and this is easy to lead to scramble customers between sectors representing each service Furthermore, if stimulated decentralization is regarded as an advantage of the structure, it also contains its disadvantage that is lack of central control over each separate division and this might be a dangerous problem for having grasp and exact information about the operation in every service of the group 2.2 Functional structure CEO of Mai Linh Southern Central & Highland Vietnam Administrative Inspection Developmental Financial personnel legislation business accounting Technical department department department department department Project management department Figure 2: Mai Linh Group organization by functional structure The success of a company lies within its organizational structure and using more than one organizational structure is also one of popular strategies of many companies With Mai Linh group, besides managing under geographic and product divisional structure, it also uses functional structure which is defined a structure in which positions are grouped together into productive units with a hierarchical reporting system according to their main functional departments such as administrative personnel, inspection legislation, technical, financial accounting or developmental business Being one of the oldest and most traditional structures, functional structure provides a variety of benefits Unlike divisional structure, functional structure concentrates on in-depth expertise development which helps staff have grasp knowledge and experience about their tasks, work and related fields Hence, all Mai Linh staff are self-working and considering the development of the company as theirs It also provides positive atmosphere for skill development This leads to continuous growth and development within the organization from simple day to day interaction with managers, instead of having to rely on specialized seminars or workshops to improve the quality of work coming out of a department This is a good reason for their workers to work and coordinate with each other smoothly and scientifically On the other hand, dividing by functional structure makes gaps between sections on the organization chart because of lack of communication; each department is only interested in their work and tasks Another point Mai Linh must face is taking many sections at the same time that makes the group difficult to specialize and develop all of them Therefore, it is easy to create inequality among different sections As far as Lamar University’s definition is concerned, organizational structure is “the formal system of task and reporting relationships that controls, coordinates, and motivates employees so that they cooperate to achieve an organization's goals.” This includes the organization's policies, procedures and expectations A healthy organizational structure will enable employees to be more efficient, while an unhealthy structure can keep employees from reaching their potential To sum up, the two kinds of organizational structure that Mai Linh group applied have their own advantages and disadvantages that influences on the performance of the business and the effect is really good and positive with the operation of the company Nevertheless, in my opinion, divisional structure is more convenient and suitable for Mai Linh group with its own goals and fields that it is aimed to be interested in There are many reasons for it but the above explanations are the main analysis that I want to make, hopefully it is useful and necessary for people who are concerned about Organizational culture Organizational culture which is known as personality and style of an organization is able to change rootedly the functioning of organizations It is made up of attitude, psychology, belief, and experience, personal and cultural values of an organization It is shown in two ways: visible and invisible with its elements that are physical structure, language, rituals and ceremonies and symbols belonging to visible and shared values and shared assumptions belonging to invisible 3.1 Types of organizational culture According to Handy’s classification, there are four types of organizational culture including power culture, task culture, role culture and personal culture, which is summarized in this figure: Figure 3: Culture Quadrants after Harrison (1972) Power Culture (Zeus) Power culture reflects the concentration of power of a family-owned business, which can either be extremely large or small but the power concentrates on the hand of only one person that is the boss The boss is also the person who started the company and then the company is usually named after the name of the boss Therefore, this kind of culture shows high centralization and delegation and it is so difficult to stay a power culture in a long time because there are too much to know and too much to for the boss Role Culture (Apollo) Role culture reflects the functional units of the organisation and different people have different roles so people can focus on their own tasks On the other hand, in this case, people sometimes think that the job description is more important than the skills and abilities For that reason, Handy suggests that this culture is appropriate in organisations which are not subject to constant change Task Culture ( Athena) Task culture is the great emphasis on getting the job done and achieving the tasks With this culture, people not depend so much on job’s specification but information and expertise are the skills that are of value here Influence in this culture is based on expertise and up-todate information where the culture is most in tune with results The dangers for this culture exist when there is a restriction in resources causing it to become more ‘power’ or ‘role’ orientated Personal (Dionysus) Based on personal culture, individuals within the structure are allowed to determine collectively the path which the organisation pursues When emerging a formalised structure, it tends to service the needs of the individuals involved in the structure Organisations which apply this culture reject formal hierarchies for ‘getting things done’ and exist solely to meet the needs of their members The rejection of formal ‘management control’ and ‘reporting relationships’ expresses that this may be a suitable culture for a self-help group or a commune, etc., but it is not appropriate for business organisations 3.2 Culture of Mai Linh Group Mai Linh group belongs to role culture and it is obvious to see it from the organizational structure of this company Each department, product or area is divided clearly which bring many advantages in business performance of this corporation With its mission is to provide better satisfaction for better life, Mai Linh Group wishes to bring best things for their customers through their culture According to Mr Ho Huy – CEO of Mai Linh Group, ‘Culture is the spirit of our company’, so the group extremely appreciates the role of culture in the company’s operation The important thing is that cores values are essential factors building their culture Recognizing this, Mai Linh gives their core values as follow: Effectiveness Ownership Professionalism Core Values Leadership Teamwork Figure 4: Core values of Mai Linh Group These core values are shown and applied based on the operation of the company and behaviors of people in the company One of the most purposes of this company is to fulfill all essential skills for their employees to work confidently and effectively When assessing the value of Mai Linh, it is not monetary value but the culture Mai Linh sets up so that people are impressed when they hear, see, and think about this company That is power that helps Mai Linh get their position in Vietnam 10 Individual behaviour at work There are many ways to assess the influence of different factors on individual behaviour at work but in this case, MARS model is considered as a standard to evaluate how the factors affect individual behaviour at work Figure 5: MARS Model of Individual behaviour at work and results MARS model of individual behavior is known as a model that is used to explain individual behavior as a result of internal and external factors The name of the model is an initial for individual Motivation, Abilities, Role Perception and Situation Factors These are regarded as the four major factors in determining individual behavior at work However, individual values, personality, perceptions, emotions, attitudes, and stress are original factor building the logical evaluating system of behavior at work, following that is motivation, ability, role perception and situational factors Therefore, there are two parts in this theory and the first thing I would like to explain is the effect of motivation and ability 11 A person with a good motivation and ability, their performance in situational factors will be positive and then they will have right behavior This could be understood that if someone have their own motivation strategies to encourage themselves in their work, they will have more inspiration and enthusiasm in their tasks Similarly, if the person has talent and particular knowledge in their work, they could work more efficiently Another thing is that each person should know their own role well so that they could know what they should and how to From that they will have clever thought as well as action to show their behavior at different situation at work After investigating the factors that influences most on the great development of Japan, researchers identified that human resource is one of its invaluable assets From then, organizations are really interested in this area, especially individual behaviour at work There are many factors that influence this but below only refer to two factors as the most typical examples that are personality and ability 4.1 Personality Personality is one of factors that influence most on individual behaviour at work To make this clear I took a MBTI test on http://www.humanmetrics.com/cgiwin/JTypes3.asp and I got a result with my type_ISFJ symbolizing introverted, sensing, feeling and judging shown in the table below: ISFJ Strength of the Introverted Sencing Feeling Judging preferences (%) 56 50 50 17 Description Moderately expressing introvert Moderately expressing sensing personality Moderately expressing feeling personality Slightly expressing judging personality Figure 6: The result of personality test (From website: http://www.humanmetrics.com/cgiwin/JTypes3.asp) According to Jung Type Description ISFJs are traditional, loyal, quiet and kind They are very sensitive to other people's needs because they are very observant They have rich inner 12 thoughts and emotions They value stability and cultural norms They are very adept at giving attention to detail and actually, this is also my awareness of my personality Another assessment of this kind of personality that could affect on individual behaviour at work is from The Nurturer (Lifeplore) "At work, ISFJs contribute loyal, sympathetic, consistent, and considerate service to others They are known for their kindness and for their willingness to go to any length to help those in need They take the practical needs of people into account when they their work, and their strong follow-through skills allow them to carry out organizational goals They at least what is expected to them and oftentimes more, without attracting attention to themselves They are painstaking and responsible with detail and routine, and feel it is important to have the right things in the right places at the right times." Then I could get jobs that are suitable for me in the future are homemaker, office worker, health care worker, receptionist, health educator or some kinds of jobs like that, while my unsuitable career is rock star, performer, writer, comedian, CEO so with this recognization about career, I can consider to choose a job that is good for me Making right choice about the career which is based on my personality will help me promote my good personalities and this also makes me peaceful in my mind After graduating from ITP of Banking Academy, I will work in economic field that requires active, extrovertive people However, belonging to ISFJ type, I not have any characteristics that are good for this kind of job, so I will have to deal with a lot of difficulties in different situations at work in the future In other words, the opposite in personality requirement will be a great barrier for me to deal with and this will have negative influence on my behaviour at work which could lead to inefficiency of work As a result, it will be easy for me to get confused or even stressed with facing tasks of the career 4.2 Ability 13 Somebody always believe that employees are attracted by high salaries, good organizational structures or great organizational culture but hardly people think that these are only external factors and more important thing that has impact on individual behaviour at work is internal factors No matter how big the company is or how good the company care for their employees, they couldn’t have good behaviour at work if they don’t have passion on their task In this case, the problem is not from the company but from each person who have their own desires, interests or ability which every manager really wants to know about their staff After doing multiple intelligences test which based on Howard Garder’s MI Model, the results is shown below: Figure 7: The result of Multiple intelligences test © V Chislett MSc and A Chapman 2005, based on Gardner's Multiple Intelligences Model From www.businessballs.com Not to be sold or published The authors accept no liability According to the result of this test, I can see what my strengths are so that I have my own direction in promoting my strengths and improving my weaknesses Look at the overview, my skills are quite equal, except for body-kinesthenic skill whose mark is the lowest, only 18, while the highest mark is 27 for logical-mathematical and intrapersonal skill This also illustrates that I am good at these skills and jobs which require these are very suitable for me.Therefore, I could have a very positive and good behavior with jobs that could exploit and develop my ability Besides, the physical capacity of an individual to something can be termed as ability and skill that are able to be defined as the ability to act in a way that allows a person to perform well There is a close relationship between individual behaviour and performance and ability and skills A person can perform well in the organisation if his abilities and skills are matched 14 with the job requirement Therefore, managers play vital role in matching the abilities and skills of the employees with the particular job requirement Taking an example from my aunt who has been working as a leader of accountants at Bank for investment and development of Vietnam in Vinhphuc province She actually graduated excellently from Banking Academy so she is very good at professional knowledge and she really deserves to takes over this position which many people are dreaming about However, she never finds happiness or satisfaction in her job except for tiredness and boredom that lead to her worse and worse behavior at work The problem is that she is really bad at leadership skill even doesn’t have ambitions in her job, which is called lack of requirement skills This is really dangerous for this organization because if they know the abilities and skills of each employee, they are not only good managers but also take use of abilities and power of people to complete their tasks more easily From the example above, we can see that accomplishing skills and ability is really important in showing the behavior at work A person could be excellent at their specific field but that does not mean that they could be a good leader Actually, a person who gets good impression from others is not only good at their area but also clever in showing their skills and ability to improve their weaknesses as well as develop their strengths There are many other factors that impact individual behavior at work but above is two typical examples for its serious effect on their work and quality of their work These things are really important not only for company in managing human resource but also for each person in improving and making them better and better The important thing this report focuses on is that each person should find their own way to be always willing to face challenges at work as well as in life Hopefully, everyone has clear view about this point to get best rewards that they deserve most Conclusion Being a private enterprise that develop more and more strongly in Vietnam, Mai Linh is proud to provide best services with their mission is to provide better satisfaction for better 15 life Hence, for Vietnamese people, Mai Linh is not only a realiable address on their travels but also an honest friend in their life bringing them with interesting things in life The contents of this report not only focus on orhanizational structure, culture but the most interesting section in the current study is individual behaviour at work After doing a research about any organizations, each person should make conclusion about how to behave intelligently at work to make a good impression as well as positive business performance of the company Moreover, this report is also a product of finding out different aspects of factors influencing on individual behaviour at work and new viewpoints about these factors This could be 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