17 Student: _ Hormones are normally secreted via ducts into the bloodstream True False Hormones serve as intracellular messengers True False Testosterone is a gonadotropin True False Many effects of growth hormone are mediated by insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) secreted by the pancreas True False Both the thymus and the pineal gland shrink after childhood True False Thyroid hormone has a calorigenic effect True False Epinephrine is said to have a glucose-sparing effect True False Cholesterol is essential for the synthesis of steroid hormones True False Peptide hormones are synthesized by cytoplasmic ribosomes as active enzymes True False 10 Regardless of the cause of stress, the body reacts in a fairly consistent way to different stressors True False 11 The exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome (stress response) sets in only if protein reserves are depleted True False 12 Eicosanoids are derived from steroids True False 13 Prostaglandins are considered paracrines True False 14 Myxedema is characterized by low metabolic rate, sluggishness, and sleepiness True False 15 Addison disease is a consequence of a tumor of the adrenal medulla True False 16 Endocrine gland(s) A secrete substances that not alter the metabolism of their target cells, but have extracellular effects B secrete their products by way of ducts C have an unusually low density of blood capillaries D release their secretions into the blood E secretions may be released onto the body surface 17 The nervous system reacts to stimuli _ compared to the endocrine system, adapts _ compared to the endocrine system, and has _ effects compared to the endocrine system A slowly; slowly; widespread B quickly; slowly; specific C quickly; quickly; widespread D quickly; quickly; specific E slowly; quickly; specific 18 are secreted by one cell into the tissue fluid, diffuse to nearby cells in the same tissue, and stimulate their physiology A Neurotransmitters B Neuromodulators C Hormones D Parahormones E Paracrines 19 This figure shows the major organs of the endocrine system What does "1" represent? A the hypothalamus B the pituitary gland C the pineal gland D the hypophysis E the adrenal gland 20 This figure shows the major organs of the endocrine system Which structure secretes growth hormone (GH or somatotropin)? A B C D E 21 The _ is not an endocrine gland but it has a role in endocrine function A kidney B pancreas C thyroid gland D parathyroid gland E adrenal gland 22 What makes a cell responsive to a particular hormone? A the chemical properties of the hormone B the presence of a receptor for that particular hormone C the location of the gland that secretes the hormone D the location of the target cells in the body E the site where the hormone is secreted 23 The neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary) secretes A prolactin (PRL) B adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) C oxytocin (OT) D thyroid hormone (TH) E growth hormone (GH) 24 Thyrotropin-releasing hormone targets the A thyroid gland B thyroid hormone C hypothalamus D posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) E anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) 25 The hypophyseal portal system connects A the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) with the hypothalamus B the posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) with the hypothalamus C the anterior pituitary with the posterior pituitary D the hypothalamus with its target organs E the pituitary with its target organs 26 These are all hypothalamic hormones except A antidiuretic hormone (ADH) B luteinizing hormone (LH) C thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) D somatostatin E prolactin-inhibiting hormone (PIH) 27 Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) targets the A kidneys B adrenal gland C anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) D hypothalamus E pancreas 28 _ has more target cells in the body than any of the others A Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) B Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) C Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) D Growth hormone (GH) E Oxytocin (OT) 29 Target organs most often regulate the pituitary gland via A negative feedback inhibition B positive feedback inhibition C up-regulation D down-regulation E antagonistic regulation 30 The infundibulum is A a mass of endocrine and neural cells B a portal system between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland C a bulky nucleus composed of the paraventricular nucleus and the supraoptic nucleus D a depression of the sphenoid bone that protects the pituitary gland E a projection of the hypothalamus from which the pituitary gland hangs 31 _ secretion is controlled by neuroendocrine reflexes, whereas _ secretion is controlled by negative feedback mechanisms A Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH); luteinizing hormone (LH) B Oxytocin (OT); antidiuretic hormone (ADH) C Antidiuretic hormone (ADH); oxytocin (OT) D Antidiuretic hormone (ADH); thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) E Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); luteinizing hormone (LH) 32 Negative feedback inhibition occurs when A thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) targets the anterior pituitary B thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) causes the anterior pituitary to release thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) C thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) targets the thyroid gland D thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) targets the thyroid gland E thyroid hormone (TH) targets the anterior pituitary 33 This figure shows the hypothalamo-pituitary-target organ relationships Which hormone stimulates glucocorticoid secretion? A B C D E 10 34 This figure shows the hypothalamo-pituitary-target organ relationships Which hormone is not a tropin? A B C D E 35 This hormone plays an important role in synchronizing physiological function with the cycle of daylight and darkness A calcitonin B melanin C melatonin D hepcidin E inhibin 36 The _ secretes several hormones that stimulate the development of lymphatic organs and regulates development and activity of T cells (white blood cells) A thyroid B thymus C adrenal gland D spleen E parathyroid 37 The _ secretes a hormone that increases the body's metabolic rate, promotes alertness , quickens reflexes, and stimulates the fetal nervous system A thyroid gland B pancreas C adrenal gland D parathyroid gland E thymus 38 The _ secrete(s) a hormone as a response to hypocalcemia A thymus B thyroid gland C parathyroid glands D pineal gland E pituitary gland 39 The _ secrete(s) _, which promotes Na+ and water retention A adrenal medulla; epinephrine B pancreas; cortisol C kidneys; corticosterone D adrenal cortex; aldosterone E thyroid; calcitonin 40 The zona fasciculata in the adrenal gland secretes A glucagon B epinephrine C estradiol D aldosterone E cortisol 41 Many hours after a meal, alpha (α) cells in the pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans) secrete A glucagon, which lowers blood glucose B glucagon, which raises blood glucose C insulin, which lowers blood glucose D insulin, which raises blood glucose E glucocorticoids, which raise blood glucose 42 These are all secreted by the pancreas except A glucagon B pancreatic polypeptide C gastrin D somatostatin (growth hormone-inhibiting hormone) E somatotropin (growth hormone) 43 This gland has both endocrine and exocrine functions A the adrenal gland B the salivary gland C the ovary D the pineal gland E the thymus 44 _ is not a steroid hormone A Insulin B Cortisol C Progesterone D Aldosterone E Estradiol 45 _ is synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum A Aldosterone B Cortisol C Testosterone D Calcitriol E Glucagon 46 Absence of iodine in the diet leads to A hypoparathyroidism B hypothyroidism C hypocalcemia D hypoglycemia E hypoxemia 47 T4 and T3 are _ hormones that are mainly transported _ in the blood A monoamine; bound to thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) B monoamine; unbound (free) C steroid; bound to transcortin-binding protein (TBP) D steroid; unbound (free) E catecholamine; bound to thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) 48 _ enters a target cell's nucleus and acts directly on the genes A Insulin B Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) C Estrogen D Glucagon E Oxytocin (OT) 49 This is the last step in the sequence of events happening when cyclic AMP acts as a second messenger A G protein activates adenylate cyclase B cAMP activates protein kinases C adenylate cyclase produces cAMP D G protein is activated by the binding of a hormone to the receptor E enzymes are activated or deactivated by the action of protein kinases 50 Even a small quantity of hormone can have a strong effect on its target cell because of A negative feedback inhibition B an antagonistic effect C up-regulation D enzyme amplification E down-regulation 51 This figure shows A modulation of target cell sensitivity by up-regulation B modulation of target cell sensitivity by down-regulation C enzyme amplification D a cascade effect E a permissive effect 52 Neither follicle stimulating (FSH) hormone nor testosterone alone can stimulate significant sperm production, whereas when they act together, the testes produce some 300,000 sperm per minute This exemplifies A hormone clearance B the cascade effect C the synergistic effect D the permissive effect E the antagonistic effect 53 The resistance stage in the general adaptation syndrome (stress response) is dominated by A cortisol B epinephrine C norepinephrine D angiotensin E aldosterone 54 During the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome (stress response) stress overwhelms homeostasis A characteristic of this stage is that A glycogen supplies are depleted B energy demands are met primarily by fat metabolism C fermentation is not enough to provide the necessary ATP D energy demands are met primarily by protein metabolism E energy demands are met primarily by carbohydrate metabolism 55 Cortisol A inhibits fat digestion B stimulates protein synthesis C promotes glycogen synthesis D stimulates glucose intake by most organs E promotes breakdown of fat and protein 56 The initial response to stress is called and is mediated mainly by _ A the resistance stage; cortisol B the resistance stage; aldosterone and cortisol C the alarm reaction; norepinephrine and epinephrine D the alarm reaction; cortisol E the exhaustion stage; norepinephrine and epinephrine 57 Eicosanoids are derived from A arachidonic acid B leukotriene C prostacyclin D prostaglandins E thromboxanes 58 Prostaglandins have all the following roles except A to induce labor contractions B to stop fever and pain C to constrict or dilate arterioles D to act as vasodilators or vasoconstrictors E to inhibit gastric secretion 59 Aspirin and ibuprofen block A the release of arachidonic acid from the plasma membrane B the action of phospholipase A1 C the action of phospholipase A2 D the action of lipoxygenase E the action of cyclooxygenase 60 Diabetes insipidus is caused by A epinephrine hypersecretion B cortisol hypersecretion C aldosterone hypersecretion D antidiuretic hormone (ADH) hyposecretion E antidiuretic hormone (ADH) hypersecretion 61 All these can cause Cushing syndrome except A ACTH hypersecretion by the pituitary B ACTH-secreting tumors C hyperactivity of the adrenal cortex D hyperactivity of the adrenal medulla E excess cortisol secretion 62 Growth hormone (GH) hypersecretion causes gigantism when it begins in childhood, but it is more likely to cause _ when it begins in adulthood A myxedema B Graves disease C Cushing syndrome D goiter E acromegaly 63 Diabetes mellitus is characterized by the following except A hypoglycemia B polyuria C polyphagia D polydipsia E glycosuria 64 These statements about diabetes mellitus (DM) are correct except A the body produces autoantibodies that destroy the pancreatic beta cells in type I DM B target cells are unresponsive to insulin in type II DM C both type I and type II DM are characterized by lack of, or low levels of, insulin D diabetic neuropathy is a common long term effect of DM E type II DM is more common than type I DM 65 Which of the following is the correct sequence of events leading to polyuria and dehydration? A hyperglycemia → glucose in urine raises osmolarity of tubular fluid → glucose transport maximum exceeded → glucose enters renal tubules → osmotic diuresis B hyperglycemia → glucose enters renal tubules → glucose transport maximum exceeded → glucose in urine raises osmolarity of tubular fluid → osmotic diuresis C hyperglycemia → glucose enters renal tubules → glucose in urine raises osmolarity of tubular fluid → osmotic dieresis → glucose transport maximum exceeded D hyperglycemia → glucose transport maximum exceeded → glucose enters renal tubules → glucose in urine raises osmolarity of tubular fluid → osmotic diuresis E osmotic diuresis → glucose enters renal tubules → glucose transport maximum exceeded → glucose in urine raises osmolarity of tubular fluid → hyperglycemia 17 Key Hormones are normally secreted via ducts into the bloodstream FALSE Blooms Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 17.01.c Contrast endocrine with exocrine glands Saladin - Chapter 17 #1 Section: 17.01 Topic: Endocrine System Hormones serve as intracellular messengers FALSE Blooms Level: Understand Learning Outcome: 17.01.a Define hormone and endocrine system Saladin - Chapter 17 #2 Section: 17.01 Topic: Endocrine System Testosterone is a gonadotropin FALSE Blooms Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 17.02.c List the hormones produced by the hypothalamus and each lobe of the pituitary, and identify the functions of each hormone Saladin - Chapter 17 #3 Section: 17.02 Topic: Endocrine System Many effects of growth hormone are mediated by insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) secreted by the pancreas FALSE Blooms Level: Understand Learning Outcome: 17.02.e Descibe the effects of growth hormone Saladin - Chapter 17 #4 Section: 17.02 Topic: Endocrine System Both the thymus and the pineal gland shrink after childhood TRUE Blooms Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 17.03.a Describe the structure and location of the remaining endocrine glands Saladin - Chapter 17 #5 Section: 17.03 Topic: Endocrine System Thyroid hormone has a calorigenic effect TRUE Blooms Level: Apply Learning Outcome: 17.03.b Name the hormones these endocrine glands produce and state their functions Saladin - Chapter 17 #6 Section: 17.03 Topic: Endocrine System Epinephrine is said to have a glucose-sparing effect TRUE Blooms Level: Apply Learning Outcome: 17.03.b Name the hormones these endocrine glands produce and state their functions Saladin - Chapter 17 #7 Section: 17.03 Topic: Endocrine System Cholesterol is essential for the synthesis of steroid hormones TRUE Blooms Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 17.04.b Describe how hormones are synthesized and transported to their target organs Saladin - Chapter 17 #8 Section: 17.04 Topic: Endocrine System Peptide hormones are synthesized by cytoplasmic ribosomes as active enzymes FALSE Blooms Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 17.04.b Describe how hormones are synthesized and transported to their target organs Saladin - Chapter 17 #9 Section: 17.04 Topic: Endocrine System 10 Regardless of the cause of stress, the body reacts in a fairly consistent way to different stressors TRUE Blooms Level: Understand Learning Outcome: 17.05.b Discuss how the body adapts to stress through its endocrine and sympathetic nervous systems Saladin - Chapter 17 #10 Section: 17.05 Topic: Endocrine System 11 The exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome (stress response) sets in only if protein reserves are depleted FALSE Blooms Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 17.05.b Discuss how the body adapts to stress through its endocrine and sympathetic nervous systems Saladin - Chapter 17 #11 Section: 17.05 Topic: Endocrine System 12 Eicosanoids are derived from steroids FALSE Blooms Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 17.06.a Explain what eicosanoids are and how they are produced Saladin - Chapter 17 #12 Section: 17.06 Topic: Endocrine System 13 Prostaglandins are considered paracrines TRUE Blooms Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 17.06.b Identify some classes and functions of eicosanoids Saladin - Chapter 17 #13 Section: 17.06 Topic: Endocrine System 14 Myxedema is characterized by low metabolic rate, sluggishness, and sleepiness TRUE Blooms Level: Apply Learning Outcome: 17.07.b Briefly describe some common disorders of pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal function Saladin - Chapter 17 #14 Section: 17.07 Topic: Endocrine System 15 Addison disease is a consequence of a tumor of the adrenal medulla FALSE Blooms Level: Apply Learning Outcome: 17.07.b Briefly describe some common disorders of pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal function Saladin - Chapter 17 #15 Section: 17.07 Topic: Endocrine System 16 Endocrine gland(s) A secrete substances that not alter the metabolism of their target cells, but have extracellular effects B secrete their products by way of ducts C have an unusually low density of blood capillaries D release their secretions into the blood E secretions may be released onto the body surface Blooms Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 17.01.c Contrast endocrine with exocrine glands Saladin - Chapter 17 #16 Section: 17.01 Topic: Endocrine System 17 The nervous system reacts to stimuli _ compared to the endocrine system, adapts _ compared to the endocrine system, and has _ effects compared to the endocrine system A slowly; slowly; widespread B quickly; slowly; specific C quickly; quickly; widespread D quickly; quickly; specific E slowly; quickly; specific Blooms Level: Apply Learning Outcome: 17.01.e Compare and contrast the nervous and endocrine systems Saladin - Chapter 17 #17 Section: 17.01 Topic: Endocrine System 18 are secreted by one cell into the tissue fluid, diffuse to nearby cells in the same tissue, and stimulate their physiology A Neurotransmitters B Neuromodulators C Hormones D Parahormones E Paracrines Blooms Level: Apply Learning Outcome: 17.01.a Define hormone and endocrine system Saladin - Chapter 17 #18 Section: 17.01 Topic: Endocrine System Saladin - Chapter 17 19 This figure shows the major organs of the endocrine system What does "1" represent? A the hypothalamus B the pituitary gland C the pineal gland D the hypophysis E the adrenal gland Blooms Level: Remember Figure: 17.01 Learning Outcome: 17.01.b Name several organs of the endocrine system Saladin - Chapter 17 #19 Section: 17.01 Topic: Endocrine System 20 This figure shows the major organs of the endocrine system Which structure secretes growth hormone (GH or somatotropin)? A B C D E Blooms Level: Remember Figure: 17.01 Learning Outcome: 17.01.b Name several organs of the endocrine system Saladin - Chapter 17 #20 Section: 17.01 Topic: Endocrine System 21 The _ is not an endocrine gland but it has a role in endocrine function A kidney B pancreas C thyroid gland D parathyroid gland E adrenal gland Blooms Level: Understand Learning Outcome: 17.01.b Name several organs of the endocrine system Saladin - Chapter 17 #21 Section: 17.01 Topic: Endocrine System 22 What makes a cell responsive to a particular hormone? A the chemical properties of the hormone B the presence of a receptor for that particular hormone C the location of the gland that secretes the hormone D the location of the target cells in the body E the site where the hormone is secreted Blooms Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 17.01.e Compare and contrast the nervous and endocrine systems Saladin - Chapter 17 #22 Section: 17.01 Topic: Endocrine System 23 The neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary) secretes A prolactin (PRL) B adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) C oxytocin (OT) D thyroid hormone (TH) E growth hormone (GH) Blooms Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 17.02.b Distinguish between the anterior and posterior lobes of the pituitary Saladin - Chapter 17 #23 Section: 17.02 Topic: Endocrine System 24 Thyrotropin-releasing hormone targets the A thyroid gland B thyroid hormone C hypothalamus D posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) E anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) Blooms Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 17.02.d Explain how the pituitary is controlled by the hypothalamus and its target organs Saladin - Chapter 17 #24 Section: 17.02 Topic: Endocrine System 25 The hypophyseal portal system connects A the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) with the hypothalamus B the posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) with the hypothalamus C the anterior pituitary with the posterior pituitary D the hypothalamus with its target organs E the pituitary with its target organs Blooms Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 17.02.a Descibe the anatomical relationships between the hypothalamus and pituitary gland Saladin - Chapter 17 #25 Section: 17.02 Topic: Endocrine System 26 These are all hypothalamic hormones except A antidiuretic hormone (ADH) B luteinizing hormone (LH) C thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) D somatostatin E prolactin-inhibiting hormone (PIH) Blooms Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 17.02.c List the hormones produced by the hypothalamus and each lobe of the pituitary, and identify the functions of each hormone Saladin - Chapter 17 #26 Section: 17.02 Topic: Endocrine System 27 Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) targets the A kidneys B adrenal gland C anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) D hypothalamus E pancreas Blooms Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 17.02.c List the hormones produced by the hypothalamus and each lobe of the pituitary, and identify the functions of each hormone Saladin - Chapter 17 #27 Section: 17.02 Topic: Endocrine System 28 _ has more target cells in the body than any of the others A Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) B Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) C Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) D Growth hormone (GH) E Oxytocin (OT) Blooms Level: Apply Learning Outcome: 17.02.e Descibe the effects of growth hormone Saladin - Chapter 17 #28 Section: 17.02 Topic: Endocrine System 29 Target organs most often regulate the pituitary gland via A negative feedback inhibition B positive feedback inhibition C up-regulation D down-regulation E antagonistic regulation Blooms Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 17.02.d Explain how the pituitary is controlled by the hypothalamus and its target organs Saladin - Chapter 17 #29 Section: 17.02 Topic: Endocrine System 30 The infundibulum is A a mass of endocrine and neural cells B a portal system between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland C a bulky nucleus composed of the paraventricular nucleus and the supraoptic nucleus D a depression of the sphenoid bone that protects the pituitary gland E a projection of the hypothalamus from which the pituitary gland hangs Blooms Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 17.02.a Descibe the anatomical relationships between the hypothalamus and pituitary gland Saladin - Chapter 17 #30 Section: 17.02 Topic: Endocrine System 31 _ secretion is controlled by neuroendocrine reflexes, whereas _ secretion is controlled by negative feedback mechanisms A Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH); luteinizing hormone (LH) B Oxytocin (OT); antidiuretic hormone (ADH) C Antidiuretic hormone (ADH); oxytocin (OT) D Antidiuretic hormone (ADH); thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) E Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); luteinizing hormone (LH) Blooms Level: Evaluate Learning Outcome: 17.02.c List the hormones produced by the hypothalamus and each lobe of the pituitary, and identify the functions of each hormone Saladin - Chapter 17 #31 Section: 17.02 Topic: Endocrine System 32 Negative feedback inhibition occurs when A thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) targets the anterior pituitary B thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) causes the anterior pituitary to release thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) C thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) targets the thyroid gland D thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) targets the thyroid gland E thyroid hormone (TH) targets the anterior pituitary Blooms Level: Apply Learning Outcome: 17.02.d Explain how the pituitary is controlled by the hypothalamus and its target organs Saladin - Chapter 17 #32 Section: 17.02 Topic: Endocrine System Saladin - Chapter 17 33 This figure shows the hypothalamo-pituitary-target organ relationships Which hormone stimulates glucocorticoid secretion? A B C D E 10 Blooms Level: Apply Figure: 17.06 Learning Outcome: 17.02.c List the hormones produced by the hypothalamus and each lobe of the pituitary, and identify the functions of each hormone Saladin - Chapter 17 #33 Section: 17.02 Topic: Endocrine System 34 This figure shows the hypothalamo-pituitary-target organ relationships Which hormone is not a tropin? A B C D E Blooms Level: Apply Figure: 17.06 Learning Outcome: 17.02.c List the hormones produced by the hypothalamus and each lobe of the pituitary, and identify the functions of each hormone Saladin - Chapter 17 #34 Section: 17.02 Topic: Endocrine System 35 This hormone plays an important role in synchronizing physiological function with the cycle of daylight and darkness A calcitonin B melanin C melatonin D hepcidin E inhibin Blooms Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 17.03.b Name the hormones these endocrine glands produce and state their functions Saladin - Chapter 17 #35 Section: 17.03 Topic: Endocrine System 36 The _ secretes several hormones that stimulate the development of lymphatic organs and regulates development and activity of T cells (white blood cells) A thyroid B thymus C adrenal gland D spleen E parathyroid Blooms Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 17.03.b Name the hormones these endocrine glands produce and state their functions Saladin - Chapter 17 #36 Section: 17.03 Topic: Endocrine System 37 The _ secretes a hormone that increases the body's metabolic rate, promotes alertness , quickens reflexes, and stimulates the fetal nervous system A thyroid gland B pancreas C adrenal gland D parathyroid gland E thymus Blooms Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 17.03.b Name the hormones these endocrine glands produce and state their functions Saladin - Chapter 17 #37 Section: 17.03 Topic: Endocrine System 38 The _ secrete(s) a hormone as a response to hypocalcemia A thymus B thyroid gland C parathyroid glands D pineal gland E pituitary gland Blooms Level: Apply Learning Outcome: 17.03.b Name the hormones these endocrine glands produce and state their functions Saladin - Chapter 17 #38 Section: 17.03 Topic: Endocrine System 39 The _ secrete(s) _, which promotes Na+ and water retention A adrenal medulla; epinephrine B pancreas; cortisol C kidneys; corticosterone D adrenal cortex; aldosterone E thyroid; calcitonin Blooms Level: Apply Learning Outcome: 17.03.b Name the hormones these endocrine glands produce and state their functions Saladin - Chapter 17 #39 Section: 17.03 Topic: Endocrine System 40 The zona fasciculata in the adrenal gland secretes A glucagon B epinephrine C estradiol D aldosterone E cortisol Blooms Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 17.03.b Name the hormones these endocrine glands produce and state their functions Saladin - Chapter 17 #40 Section: 17.03 Topic: Endocrine System 41 Many hours after a meal, alpha (α) cells in the pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans) secrete A glucagon, which lowers blood glucose B glucagon, which raises blood glucose C insulin, which lowers blood glucose D insulin, which raises blood glucose E glucocorticoids, which raise blood glucose Blooms Level: Apply Learning Outcome: 17.03.b Name the hormones these endocrine glands produce and state their functions Saladin - Chapter 17 #41 Section: 17.03 Topic: Endocrine System 42 These are all secreted by the pancreas except A glucagon B pancreatic polypeptide C gastrin D somatostatin (growth hormone-inhibiting hormone) E somatotropin (growth hormone) Blooms Level: Apply Learning Outcome: 17.03.c Discuss the hormones produced by organs and tissues other than the classical endocrine glands Saladin - Chapter 17 #42 Section: 17.03 Topic: Endocrine System 43 This gland has both endocrine and exocrine functions A the adrenal gland B the salivary gland C the ovary D the pineal gland E the thymus Blooms Level: Apply Learning Outcome: 17.03.c Discuss the hormones produced by organs and tissues other than the classical endocrine glands Saladin - Chapter 17 #43 Section: 17.03 Topic: Endocrine System 44 _ is not a steroid hormone A Insulin B Cortisol C Progesterone D Aldosterone E Estradiol Blooms Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 17.04.a Identify the chemical classes to which various hormones belong Saladin - Chapter 17 #44 Section: 17.04 Topic: Endocrine System 45 _ is synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum A Aldosterone B Cortisol C Testosterone D Calcitriol E Glucagon Blooms Level: Apply Learning Outcome: 17.04.a Identify the chemical classes to which various hormones belong Saladin - Chapter 17 #45 Section: 17.04 Topic: Endocrine System 46 Absence of iodine in the diet leads to A hypoparathyroidism B hypothyroidism C hypocalcemia D hypoglycemia E hypoxemia Blooms Level: Apply Learning Outcome: 17.04.b Describe how hormones are synthesized and transported to their target organs Saladin - Chapter 17 #46 Section: 17.04 Topic: Endocrine System 47 T4 and T3 are _ hormones that are mainly transported _ in the blood A monoamine; bound to thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) B monoamine; unbound (free) C steroid; bound to transcortin-binding protein (TBP) D steroid; unbound (free) E catecholamine; bound to thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) Blooms Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 17.04.b Describe how hormones are synthesized and transported to their target organs Saladin - Chapter 17 #47 Section: 17.04 Topic: Endocrine System 48 _ enters a target cell's nucleus and acts directly on the genes A Insulin B Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) C Estrogen D Glucagon E Oxytocin (OT) Blooms Level: Apply Learning Outcome: 17.04.c Describe how hormones stimulate their target cells Saladin - Chapter 17 #48 Section: 17.04 Topic: Endocrine System 49 This is the last step in the sequence of events happening when cyclic AMP acts as a second messenger A G protein activates adenylate cyclase B cAMP activates protein kinases C adenylate cyclase produces cAMP D G protein is activated by the binding of a hormone to the receptor E enzymes are activated or deactivated by the action of protein kinases Blooms Level: Evaluate Learning Outcome: 17.04.c Describe how hormones stimulate their target cells Saladin - Chapter 17 #49 Section: 17.04 Topic: Endocrine System 50 Even a small quantity of hormone can have a strong effect on its target cell because of A negative feedback inhibition B an antagonistic effect C up-regulation D enzyme amplification E down-regulation Blooms Level: Apply Learning Outcome: 17.04.d Explain how target cells regulate their sensitivity to circulating hormones Saladin - Chapter 17 #50 Section: 17.04 Topic: Endocrine System Saladin - Chapter 17 51 This figure shows A modulation of target cell sensitivity by up-regulation B modulation of target cell sensitivity by down-regulation C enzyme amplification D a cascade effect E a permissive effect Blooms Level: Apply Figure: 17.24b Learning Outcome: 17.04.d Explain how target cells regulate their sensitivity to circulating hormones Saladin - Chapter 17 #51 Section: 17.04 Topic: Endocrine System 52 Neither follicle stimulating (FSH) hormone nor testosterone alone can stimulate significant sperm production, whereas when they act together, the testes produce some 300,000 sperm per minute This exemplifies A hormone clearance B the cascade effect C the synergistic effect D the permissive effect E the antagonistic effect Blooms Level: Apply Learning Outcome: 17.04.e Describe how hormones affect each other when two or more of them stimulate the same target cells, Saladin - Chapter 17 #52 Section: 17.04 Topic: Endocrine System 53 The resistance stage in the general adaptation syndrome (stress response) is dominated by A cortisol B epinephrine C norepinephrine D angiotensin E aldosterone Blooms Level: Apply Learning Outcome: 17.05.b Discuss how the body adapts to stress through its endocrine and sympathetic nervous systems Saladin - Chapter 17 #53 Section: 17.05 Topic: Endocrine System 54 During the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome (stress response) stress overwhelms homeostasis A characteristic of this stage is that A glycogen supplies are depleted B energy demands are met primarily by fat metabolism C fermentation is not enough to provide the necessary ATP D energy demands are met primarily by protein metabolism E energy demands are met primarily by carbohydrate metabolism Blooms Level: Understand Learning Outcome: 17.05.b Discuss how the body adapts to stress through its endocrine and sympathetic nervous systems Saladin - Chapter 17 #54 Section: 17.05 Topic: Endocrine System 55 Cortisol A inhibits fat digestion B stimulates protein synthesis C promotes glycogen synthesis D stimulates glucose intake by most organs E promotes breakdown of fat and protein Blooms Level: Apply Learning Outcome: 17.05.b Discuss how the body adapts to stress through its endocrine and sympathetic nervous systems Saladin - Chapter 17 #55 Section: 17.05 Topic: Endocrine System 56 The initial response to stress is called and is mediated mainly by _ A the resistance stage; cortisol B the resistance stage; aldosterone and cortisol C the alarm reaction; norepinephrine and epinephrine D the alarm reaction; cortisol E the exhaustion stage; norepinephrine and epinephrine Blooms Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 17.05.b Discuss how the body adapts to stress through its endocrine and sympathetic nervous systems Saladin - Chapter 17 #56 Section: 17.05 Topic: Endocrine System 57 Eicosanoids are derived from A arachidonic acid B leukotriene C prostacyclin D prostaglandins E thromboxanes Blooms Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 17.06.a Explain what eicosanoids are and how they are produced Saladin - Chapter 17 #57 Section: 17.06 Topic: Endocrine System 58 Prostaglandins have all the following roles except A to induce labor contractions B to stop fever and pain C to constrict or dilate arterioles D to act as vasodilators or vasoconstrictors E to inhibit gastric secretion Blooms Level: Apply Learning Outcome: 17.06.b Identify some classes and functions of eicosanoids Saladin - Chapter 17 #58 Section: 17.06 Topic: Endocrine System 59 Aspirin and ibuprofen block A the release of arachidonic acid from the plasma membrane B the action of phospholipase A1 C the action of phospholipase A2 D the action of lipoxygenase E the action of cyclooxygenase Blooms Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 17.06.b Identify some classes and functions of eicosanoids Saladin - Chapter 17 #59 Section: 17.06 Topic: Endocrine System 60 Diabetes insipidus is caused by A epinephrine hypersecretion B cortisol hypersecretion C aldosterone hypersecretion D antidiuretic hormone (ADH) hyposecretion E antidiuretic hormone (ADH) hypersecretion Blooms Level: Understand Learning Outcome: 17.07.b Briefly describe some common disorders of pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal function Saladin - Chapter 17 #60 Section: 17.07 Topic: Endocrine System 61 All these can cause Cushing syndrome except A ACTH hypersecretion by the pituitary B ACTH-secreting tumors C hyperactivity of the adrenal cortex D hyperactivity of the adrenal medulla E excess cortisol secretion Blooms Level: Evaluate Learning Outcome: 17.07.b Briefly describe some common disorders of pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal function Saladin - Chapter 17 #61 Section: 17.07 Topic: Endocrine System 62 Growth hormone (GH) hypersecretion causes gigantism when it begins in childhood, but it is more likely to cause _ when it begins in adulthood A myxedema B Graves disease C Cushing syndrome D goiter E acromegaly Blooms Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 17.07.b Briefly describe some common disorders of pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal function Saladin - Chapter 17 #62 Section: 17.07 Topic: Endocrine System 63 Diabetes mellitus is characterized by the following except A hypoglycemia B polyuria C polyphagia D polydipsia E glycosuria Blooms Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 17.07.c In more detail, describe the causes and pathology of diabetes mellitus Saladin - Chapter 17 #63 Section: 17.07 Topic: Endocrine System 64 These statements about diabetes mellitus (DM) are correct except A the body produces autoantibodies that destroy the pancreatic beta cells in type I DM B target cells are unresponsive to insulin in type II DM C both type I and type II DM are characterized by lack of, or low levels of, insulin D diabetic neuropathy is a common long term effect of DM E type II DM is more common than type I DM Blooms Level: Apply Learning Outcome: 17.07.c In more detail, describe the causes and pathology of diabetes mellitus Saladin - Chapter 17 #64 Section: 17.07 Topic: Endocrine System 65 Which of the following is the correct sequence of events leading to polyuria and dehydration? A hyperglycemia → glucose in urine raises osmolarity of tubular fluid → glucose transport maximum exceeded → glucose enters renal tubules → osmotic diuresis B hyperglycemia → glucose enters renal tubules → glucose transport maximum exceeded → glucose in urine raises osmolarity of tubular fluid → osmotic diuresis C hyperglycemia → glucose enters renal tubules → glucose in urine raises osmolarity of tubular fluid → osmotic dieresis → glucose transport maximum exceeded D hyperglycemia → glucose transport maximum exceeded → glucose enters renal tubules → glucose in urine raises osmolarity of tubular fluid → osmotic diuresis E osmotic diuresis → glucose enters renal tubules → glucose transport maximum exceeded → glucose in urine raises osmolarity of tubular fluid → hyperglycemia Blooms Level: Evaluate Learning Outcome: 17.07.c In more detail, describe the causes and pathology of diabetes mellitus Saladin - Chapter 17 #65 Section: 17.07 Topic: Endocrine System 17 Summary Category # of Questions Blooms Level: Remember 30 Blooms Level: Understand Blooms Level: Apply 25 Blooms Level: Evaluate Figure: 17.01 Figure: 17.06 Figure: 17.24b Learning Outcome: 17.01.a Define hormone and endocrine system Learning Outcome: 17.01.b Name several organs of the endocrine system Learning Outcome: 17.01.c Contrast endocrine with exocrine glands Learning Outcome: 17.01.e Compare and contrast the nervous and endocrine systems Learning Outcome: 17.02.a Descibe the anatomical relationships between the hypothalamus and pituitary gland Learning Outcome: 17.02.b Distinguish between the anterior and posterior lobes of the pituitary Learning Outcome: 17.02.c List the hormones produced by the hypothalamus and each lobe of the pituitary, and identify the functi ons of each hormone Learning Outcome: 17.02.d Explain how the pituitary is controlled by the hypothalamus and its target organs Learning Outcome: 17.02.e Descibe the effects of growth hormone Learning Outcome: 17.03.a Describe the structure and location of the remaining endocrine glands Learning Outcome: 17.03.b Name the hormones these endocrine glands produce and state their functions Learning Outcome: 17.03.c Discuss the hormones produced by organs and tissues other than the classical endocrine glands Learning Outcome: 17.04.a Identify the chemical classes to which various hormones belong Learning Outcome: 17.04.b Describe how hormones are synthesized and transported to their target organs Learning Outcome: 17.04.c Describe how hormones stimulate their target cells Learning Outcome: 17.04.d Explain how target cells regulate their sensitivity to circulating hormones Learning Outcome: 17.04.e Describe how hormones affect each other when two or more of them stimulate the same target cells, Learning Outcome: 17.05.b Discuss how the body adapts to stress through its endocrine and sympathetic nervous systems Learning Outcome: 17.06.a Explain what eicosanoids are and how they are produced Learning Outcome: 17.06.b Identify some classes and functions of eicosanoids Learning Outcome: 17.07.b Briefly describe some common disorders of pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal function Learning Outcome: 17.07.c In more detail, describe the causes and pathology of diabetes mellitus Saladin - Chapter 17 68 Section: 17.01 Section: 17.02 14 Section: 17.03 12 Section: 17.04 11 Section: 17.05 Section: 17.06 Section: 17.07 Topic: Endocrine System 65 ... Aspirin and ibuprofen block A the release of arachidonic acid from the plasma membrane B the action of phospholipase A1 C the action of phospholipase A2 D the action of lipoxygenase E the action of. .. by the hypothalamus and each lobe of the pituitary, and identify the functions of each hormone Saladin - Chapter 17 #3 Section: 17.02 Topic: Endocrine System Many effects of growth hormone are... C parathyroid glands D pineal gland E pituitary gland Blooms Level: Apply Learning Outcome: 17.03.b Name the hormones these endocrine glands produce and state their functions Saladin - Chapter