Earth Science, 13e (Tarbuck) Chapter 23 Light, Astronomical Observations, and the Sun 1) Which of the following is NOT considered a form of electromagnetic radiation? A) radio waves B) gravity C) gamma rays D) visible light E) x-rays Answer: B Diff: Topic: 23.1 Signals from Space Bloom's: Remembering 2) Which of the following colors has the longest wavelength? A) blue B) violet C) green D) red E) orange Answer: D Diff: Topic: 23.1 Signals from Space Bloom's: Remembering 3) The study of spectroscopy was begun by A) Albert Einstein B) Sir Isaac Newton C) Galileo D) George Hale E) Niels Bohr Answer: B Diff: Topic: 23.1 Signals from Space Bloom's: Remembering 4) The type of spectrum produced by a common light bulb is a A) continuous spectrum B) dark-line (absorption) spectrum C) bright-line (emission) spectrum D) all of the above E) none of the above Answer: A Diff: Topic: 23.1 Signals from Space Bloom's: Remembering Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 5) The spectra of most stars are of this type A) continuous spectrum B) dark-line (absorption) spectrum C) bright-line (emission) spectrum D) all of the above E) none of the above Answer: B Diff: Topic: 23.1 Signals from Space Bloom's: Remembering 6) As the temperature of a radiating surface is increased A) the total amount of energy emitted increases B) a larger portion of the energy is radiated at longer wavelengths C) a larger portion of the energy is radiated at shorter wavelengths D) both A and B E) both A and C Answer: E Diff: Topic: 23.1 Signals from Space Bloom's: Remembering 7) To determine whether a celestial body is approaching or receding from Earth, astronomers employ A) the Stefan-Boltzmann law B) Einstein's equation C) the Doppler principle D) high speed radar E) telescopic imaging Answer: C Diff: Topic: 23.1 Signals from Space Bloom's: Remembering 8) The first person to use a telescope for astronomical observations was A) Albert Einstein B) Sir Isaac Newton C) Galileo D) George Hale E) Niels Bohr Answer: C Diff: Topic: 23.7 The Sun Bloom's: Remembering Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 9) The problems encountered with lenses caused this scientist to build reflecting telescopes of his own design A) Albert Einstein B) Sir Isaac Newton C) Galileo D) George Hale E) Niels Bohr Answer: B Diff: Topic: 23.1 Signals from Space Bloom's: Remembering 10) Because lenses act like a prism to separate the colors of the spectrum, they produce a troublesome effect known as A) focal distortion B) the atmospheric effect C) chromatic aberration D) poor seeing E) light dispersion Answer: C Diff: Topic: 23.1 Signals from Space Bloom's: Remembering 11) Nearly all large optical telescopes built today are A) reflectors B) refractors C) radio Answer: A Diff: Topic: 23.1 Signals from Space Bloom's: Remembering 12) Which of the following is NOT an advantage that radio telescopes have over optical telescopes? A) They are less affected by the conditions of the atmosphere B) They are generally less expensive C) They can operate 24 hours a day D) They have better resolution E) They can "see" through interstellar dust clouds Answer: D Diff: Topic: 23.4 Light Collection and Detection Bloom's: Remembering Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 13) The layer of the Sun that radiates most of the light that reaches Earth is called the A) ionosphere B) corona C) photosphere D) chromosphere E) megasphere Answer: C Diff: Topic: 23.7 The Sun Bloom's: Remembering 14) The layer of the solar atmosphere directly above the photosphere is referred to as the A) ionosphere B) corona C) chromosphere D) solarsphere E) megasphere Answer: C Diff: Topic: 23.7 The Sun Bloom's: Remembering 15) The outermost layer of the Sun is called the A) ionosphere B) corona C) photosphere D) chromosphere E) megasphere Answer: B Diff: Topic: 23.7 The Sun Bloom's: Remembering 16) The most explosive events to occur on the Sun are A) umbras B) solar flares C) sunspots D) filaments E) solar winds Answer: B Diff: Topic: 23.7 The Sun Bloom's: Remembering Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 17) The source of the Sun's energy is A) chemical burning B) nuclear fission C) nuclear fusion D) heat of contraction E) potential energy Answer: C Diff: Topic: 23.7 The Sun Bloom's: Remembering 18) The most conspicuous features on the surface of the Sun are dark areas called A) granules B) helium lines C) flares D) spicules E) sunspots Answer: E Diff: Topic: 23.7 The Sun Bloom's: Remembering 19) The Sun's surface has a grainy texture produced by numerous bright markings called A) granules B) helium lines C) umbras D) spicules E) sunspots Answer: A Diff: Topic: 23.7 The Sun Bloom's: Remembering 20) The Sun produces energy by converting A) oxygen nuclei to carbon dioxide B) oxygen nuclei to nitrogen nuclei C) carbon monoxide to oxygen nuclei D) hydrogen nuclei to helium nuclei E) helium nuclei to hydrogen nuclei Answer: D Diff: Topic: 23.7 The Sun Bloom's: Remembering Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 21) The amount of energy released during a nuclear reaction was established by A) Albert Einstein B) Sir Isaac Newton C) Galileo D) George Hale E) Niels Bohr Answer: A Diff: Topic: 23.7 The Sun Bloom's: Remembering 22) Streams of protons and electrons emitted from the Sun produce A) quasars B) the solar wind C) granules D) plages E) prominences Answer: B Diff: Topic: 23.7 The Sun Bloom's: Remembering 23) During periods of high solar activity, huge cloudlike structures that appear as great arches extending from the Sun are often produced These solar features are called A) quasars B) the solar wind C) spicules D) plages E) prominences Answer: E Diff: Topic: 23.7 The Sun Bloom's: Remembering Word Analysis Examine the words and/or phrases for each question below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases Choose the option which does not fit the pattern 24) reflecting refracting radio Answer: radio Diff: Topic: 23.4 Light Collection and Detection Bloom's: Understanding optical Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 25) corona photosphere Answer: sunspots Diff: Topic: 23.7 The Sun Bloom's: Understanding 26) granules sunspots Answer: spicules Diff: Topic: 23.7 The Sun Bloom's: Understanding chromosphere spicules sunspots photosphere 27) In some instances, light behaves like waves, and in others, like discrete particles Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 23.1 Signals from Space Bloom's: Understanding 28) The wavelength of red light is shorter than the wavelength of yellow light Answer: FALSE Diff: Topic: 23.1 Signals from Space Bloom's: Understanding 29) Shorter wavelengths correspond to more energetic photons Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 23.1 Signals from Space Bloom's: Understanding 30) A hot (incandescent) gas under low pressure produces a continuous spectrum Answer: FALSE Diff: Topic: 23.1 Signals from Space Bloom's: Understanding 31) Dark-line (absorption) spectra can be used to identify the elements present in stars Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 23.1 Signals from Space Bloom's: Understanding 32) Blue stars are cooler than red stars Answer: FALSE Diff: Topic: 23.1 Signals from Space Bloom's: Understanding Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 33) In the case of light, when a source is moving away, its light appears redder than it actually is Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 23.1 Signals from Space Bloom's: Understanding 34) Galileo built the first known telescope Answer: FALSE Diff: Topic: 23.4 Light Collection and Detection Bloom's: Understanding 35) Sir Isaac Newton built and used reflecting telescopes Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 23.4 Light Collection and Detection Bloom's: Understanding 36) All of the world's largest telescopes are of the refracting type Answer: FALSE Diff: Topic: 23.4 Light Collection and Detection Bloom's: Understanding 37) Radio telescopes are able to detect very short wave radiation emitted by celestial objects Answer: FALSE Diff: Topic: 23.4 Light Collection and Detection Bloom's: Understanding 38) Radio telescopes have an advantage over optical telescopes in that they can be used during daylight hours Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 23.4 Light Collection and Detection Bloom's: Understanding 39) Radio telescopes are generally much larger in size than are optical telescopes Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 23.4 Light Collection and Detection Bloom's: Understanding Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 40) Although current technology will allow the construction of much larger optical telescopes, astronomers see no advantage in building these larger instruments Answer: FALSE Diff: Topic: 23.4 Light Collection and Detection Bloom's: Understanding 41) The outermost portion of the solar atmosphere is called the photosphere Answer: FALSE Diff: Topic: 23.7 The Sun Bloom's: Understanding 42) Sunspots appear dark because they are cooler than the surrounding solar surface Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 23.7 The Sun Bloom's: Understanding 43) Bright centers of solar activity are called filaments Answer: FALSE Diff: Topic: 23.7 The Sun Bloom's: Understanding 44) The Sun's energy results from the conversion of hydrogen nuclei into helium nuclei Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 23.7 The Sun Bloom's: Understanding 45) The Sun is considered an "average star." Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 23.7 The Sun Bloom's: Understanding 46) The mechanism that produces energy on the Sun involves the conversion of matter to energy Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 23.7 The Sun Bloom's: Understanding Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 47) Astronomers currently estimate the internal temperature of the Sun at 1500˚C Answer: FALSE Diff: Topic: 23.7 The Sun Bloom's: Understanding 48) Visible light emitted from the celestial bodies is only a small part of an array of energy called radiation Answer: electromagnetic Diff: Topic: 23.7 The Sun Bloom's: Applying 49) Light can be described as a stream of fast-moving particles called Answer: photons Diff: Topic: 23.7 The Sun Bloom's: Applying 50) A(n) spectrum is produced when white light is passed through a comparatively cool gas under low pressure Answer: dark-line (absorption) Diff: Topic: 23.1 Signals from Space Bloom's: Applying 51) The motion of a star can be determined using the effect Answer: Doppler Diff: Topic: 23.1 Signals from Space Bloom's: Applying 52) The first scientist to use a telescope for astronomical purposes was Answer: Galileo Diff: Topic: 23.4 Light Collection and Detection Bloom's: Applying 53) When several radio telescopes are connected together, the resulting network is called a(n) Answer: radio interferometer Diff: Topic: 23.4 Light Collection and Detection Bloom's: Applying 10 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 54) The most conspicuous features on the surface of the Sun are dark areas called Answer: sunspots Diff: Topic: 23.7 The Sun Bloom's: Applying 55) The nuclear reaction process of converting hydrogen nuclei into helium nuclei is called the chain Answer: proton-proton Diff: Topic: 23.7 The Sun Bloom's: Applying 56) The Sun is composed almost entirely of two gases They are and Answer: hydrogen; helium Diff: Topic: 23.7 The Sun Bloom's: Applying 57) The amount of energy released during a nuclear reaction was established by the well-known scientist named Answer: Albert Einstein Diff: Topic: 23.7 The Sun Bloom's: Applying 58) Einstein's famous equation , determines the amount of energy released through nuclear fusion Answer: E=mc2 Diff: Topic: 23.7 The Sun Bloom's: Applying 59) The Sun produces energy by converting to energy Answer: matter Diff: Topic: 23.7 The Sun Bloom's: Applying 60) Streams of protons and electrons emitted from the Sun are known as the Answer: solar wind Diff: Topic: 23.7 The Sun Bloom's: Applying 11 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc Critical Thinking and Discussion Use complete sentences, correct spelling, and the information presented in Chapter 23 to answer the questions below 61) Compare and contrast the various types of telescopes, including radio telescopes What are the advantages and disadvantages of each one? Are there other considerations when choosing one telescope over another besides optical clarity or magnification? Answer: Some telescopes reach farther than others, and some have a finer resolution When looking at a star or distant body, a scientist must optimize on the amount of resolution versus power so as to obtain maximum optical clarity Diff: Topic: 23.4 Light Collection and Detection Bloom's: Applying 62) Discuss the features and characteristics of the Sun? Are they thought to be unique to the Sun or are they typical of other stars? How any of these structures relate to the process of nuclear fusion which is thought to produce the Sun's energy? Answer: The sun is large and extremely hot with nuclear fusion occurring at its center These features are similar to many stars, though some stars are larger and exert more gravity and some stars are smaller The larger the star the more the nuclear fusion that can occur, and therefore the hotter the star can be Diff: Topic: 23.7 The Sun Bloom's: Applying 12 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc  ... Space Bloom's: Remembering 7) To determine whether a celestial body is approaching or receding from Earth, astronomers employ A) the Stefan-Boltzmann law B) Einstein's equation C) the Doppler... 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 13) The layer of the Sun that radiates most of the light that reaches Earth is called the A) ionosphere B) corona C) photosphere D) chromosphere E) megasphere Answer: