Earth Science, 13e (Tarbuck) Chapter 22 Touring Our Solar System 1) Pluto is now classified as a in our solar system A) terrestrial planet B) Jovian planet C) dwarf planet D) comet Answer: C Diff: Topic: 22.6 Small Solar System Bodies Bloom's: Remembering 2) The explains how our solar system probably formed from a giant cloud of gases and dispersed solid particles A) protogalactic theory B) nebular hypothesis C) extrastellar solar hypothesis D) planetary compression theory Answer: B Diff: Topic: 22.1 Our Solar System: An Overview Bloom's: Remembering 3) meteorites are thought to be analogous in composition to Earth's core A) Calcareous B) Iron C) Stony D) Ammonical Answer: B Diff: Topic: 22.6 Small Solar System Bodies Bloom's: Remembering 4) Compared to Earth's atmosphere, the atmosphere of Mars has surface pressures that are A) times those on Earth; major gases are water vapor and carbon dioxide B) 0.1 times those on Earth; major gases are water vapor and carbon dioxide C) one-half those on Earth; main gases are methane and nitrogen D) 1.5 times those on Earth; main gases are methane and nitrogen Answer: B Diff: Topic: 22.4 Terrestrial Planets Bloom's: Remembering Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 5) Which one of the following statements is believed to be true of comets? A) They have highly elliptical orbits around the Sun B) They are composed mostly of dense rock particles C) They may gain slightly in mass with each orbit around the Sun D) Their bright, glowing appearance in the night sky is due to frictional heating in Earth's atmosphere Answer: A Diff: Topic: 22.6 Small Solar System Bodies Bloom's: Remembering 6) refers to the bright head of a comet A) Lima B) Toma C) Coma D) Lira Answer: C Diff: Topic: 22.6 Small Solar System Bodies Bloom's: Remembering 7) Which one of the following is most likely to be associated both with impact craters and with volcanic calderas that originate by collapse? A) outwardly radiating, fragmental, bright, surface streaks B) sharp rims that rise well above the surrounding area far away from the edge of the depression C) sharp, central peaks that rise above the floor of the depression D) landslides and other mass wasting movements along the walls of the depression Answer: D Diff: Topic: 22.2 Planetary Impacts Bloom's: Remembering 8) has the great, dark spot on its surface A) Mars B) Jupiter C) Venus D) Uranus Answer: B Diff: Topic: 22.5 Jovian Planets Bloom's: Remembering Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 9) How did the lunar maria most likely originate? A) huge impact basins that were nearly filled with basaltic lava flows B) huge impact craters filled with frozen carbon dioxide and dark-colored silt and dust C) massive, basaltic comets melted when they hit the lunar surface D) the solar wind eroded very wide, shallow basins that filled with lunar dust Answer: A Diff: Topic: 22.4 Terrestrial Planets Bloom's: Remembering 10) Which one of the following is not found on Mars? A) polar ice caps B) H2O-rich atmosphere C) sand dunes D) extinct volcanoes Answer: B Diff: Topic: 22.4 Terrestrial Planets Bloom's: Remembering 11) are found both on Mars and Earth A) Erosional features related to flowing water B) Active volcanoes C) Heavily cratered landscapes preserved from early in the planets' histories D) Oceans Answer: A Diff: Topic: 22.4 Terrestrial Planets Bloom's: Remembering 12) The surface features of are known only through satellite radar mapping A) Jupiter B) Mercury C) Venus D) Mars Answer: C Diff: Topic: 22.4 Terrestrial Planets Bloom's: Remembering Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 13) has atmospheric pressures at its surface that are roughly comparable to those at Earth's surface A) Jupiter's moon Io B) Saturn's moon Titan C) Neptune's moon Cassini D) Uranus's moon Miranda Answer: B Diff: Topic: 22.5 Jovian Planets Bloom's: Remembering 14) , a moon orbiting Jupiter, has an unusually smooth, uncratered, ice-covered surface A) Phobos B) Titan C) Miranda D) Europa Answer: D Diff: Topic: 22.5 Jovian Planets Bloom's: Remembering 15) is the principal gas in the Venusian atmosphere and also a minor component of the atmospheres of Earth and Mars A) Ozone B) Nitrogen C) Carbon dioxide D) Methane Answer: C Diff: Topic: 22.4 Terrestrial Planets Bloom's: Remembering 16) The largest known volcano in the solar system is A) Mauna Loa, Hawaii, on Earth B) Vulcan on Venus C) Solfatara on Jupiter D) Olympus Mons on Mars Answer: D Diff: Topic: 22.4 Terrestrial Planets Bloom's: Remembering Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 17) are small, extraterrestrial particles that glow brightly and burn up as they travel through Earth's atmosphere A) Asteroids B) Microcomets C) Mesocoronas D) Meteoroids Answer: D Diff: Topic: 22.6 Small Solar System Bodies Bloom's: Remembering 18) Vast, circular to elliptical dark-colored, smooth areas of the Moon are known as A) Olympian fields B) Copernican steppes C) lunar maria D) lunar lava flats Answer: C Diff: Topic: 22.3 Earth's Moon: A Chip Off the Old Block Bloom's: Remembering 19) Which of these lunar features is the oldest? A) maria basins B) lunar highlands C) rayed craters like Copernicus D) lunar soil Answer: B Diff: Topic: 22.3 Earth's Moon: A Chip Off the Old Block Bloom's: Remembering 20) Most of the Moon's craters were produced by A) the impact of debris (meteoroids) B) volcanic eruptions C) faulting D) radial implosions Answer: A Diff: Topic: 22.3 Earth's Moon: A Chip Off the Old Block Bloom's: Remembering Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 21) The high surface temperatures of this planet have been attributed to the greenhouse effect A) Venus B) Uranus C) Mars D) Mercury Answer: A Diff: Topic: 22.4 Terrestrial Planets Bloom's: Remembering Word Analysis Examine the words and/or phrases for each question below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases Choose the option which does not fit the pattern 22) Mercury Saturn Answer: Mercury Diff: Topic: 22.4 Terrestrial Planets Bloom's: Analyzing 23) Phobos Pluto Answer: Pluto Diff: Topic: 22.5 Jovian Planets Bloom's: Analyzing Uranus Jupiter Titan 24) Earth Venus Mars Answer: Jupiter Diff: Topic: 22.4 Terrestrial Planets Bloom's: Analyzing Callisto Jupiter 25) comet asteroid meteorite Answer: meteorite Diff: Topic: 22.6 Small Solar System Bodies Bloom's: Analyzing planet 26) The dark tail of a comet is called a coma Answer: FALSE Diff: Topic: 22.6 Small Solar System Bodies Bloom's: Analyzing Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 27) Carbon dioxide is the major gas in the atmosphere of Venus Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 22.4 Terrestrial Planets Bloom's: Analyzing 28) The Moon has highland areas which approach the height of mountains on Earth Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 22.3 Earth's Moon: A Chip Off the Old Block Bloom's: Analyzing 29) The very large, lava-covered areas of the Moon are called maria Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 22.3 Earth's Moon: A Chip Off the Old Block Bloom's: Analyzing 30) Rayed craters on the Moon, such as Copernicus, formed during an intense, early period of bombardment prior to the formation of the lunar maria Answer: FALSE Diff: Topic: 22.3 Earth's Moon: A Chip Off the Old Block Bloom's: Analyzing 31) Jupiter is the largest and most massive planet in the solar system Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 22.5 Jovian Planets Bloom's: Analyzing 32) The four largest moons of Jupiter are known as the Galilean moons Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 22.5 Jovian Planets Bloom's: Analyzing 33) The Cassini gap refers to the planetless belt of asteroids between Mars and Earth Answer: FALSE Diff: Topic: 22.5 Jovian Planets Bloom's: Analyzing Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 34) Of the terrestrial planets, Mercury exhibits the greatest lateral variations in surface temperatures Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 22.5 Jovian Planets Bloom's: Analyzing 35) Rays in the rings of Saturn are bright, radial streaks that converge inward toward the planet's surface Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 22.5 Jovian Planets Bloom's: Analyzing 36) Lunar regolith breccia contains crystalline rock fragments and glassy fragments Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 22.3 Earth's Moon: A Chip Off the Old Block Bloom's: Analyzing 37) Meteorites disintegrate and burn up as shooting stars; meteoroids survive an impact event and a trip through Earth's atmosphere Answer: FALSE Diff: Topic: 22.6 Small Solar System Bodies Bloom's: Analyzing 38) Comets are thought to be composed of dust and tiny, icy particles encased in small, solidified, metallic fragments Answer: FALSE Diff: Topic: 22.6 Small Solar System Bodies Bloom's: Analyzing 39) An extreme example of the greenhouse effect is thought to be associated with an abundance of carbon dioxide in the Martian atmosphere Answer: FALSE Diff: Topic: 22.4 Terrestrial Planets Bloom's: Analyzing 40) The Martian polar caps are thought to be mainly frozen methane and ammonia Answer: FALSE Diff: Topic: 22.4 Terrestrial Planets Bloom's: Analyzing Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 41) Large impact craters and large, domal features (probably representing viscous lava flows) have been imaged on the surface of Venus Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 22.4 Terrestrial Planets Bloom's: Analyzing 42) Saturn's rings are clusters of relatively small, individual particles; the rings observed on Jupiter are violent storm clouds swirling above the polar regions of the planet Answer: FALSE Diff: Topic: 22.5 Jovian Planets Bloom's: Analyzing 43) The atmosphere of Mars is less dense than Earth's, but dust storms and sand dunes indicate wind action occurs on Mars Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 22.4 Terrestrial Planets Bloom's: Analyzing 44) is the major gas in the atmosphere of Venus Answer: Carbon dioxide Diff: Topic: 22.4 Terrestrial Planets Bloom's: Remembering 45) The relatively smooth, large, circular to elliptical areas on the lunar surface are known as Answer: maria Diff: Topic: 22.3 Earth's Moon: A Chip Off the Old Block Bloom's: Remembering 46) The two most abundant gases in Earth's atmosphere are and Answer: nitrogen, oxygen Diff: Topic: 22.1 Our Solar System: An Overview Bloom's: Remembering 47) The Cassini gap is associated with the planet Answer: Saturn Diff: Topic: 22.5 Jovian Planets Bloom's: Remembering Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 48) The only planet in the solar system whose axis of rotation lies close to its equatorial plane is Answer: Uranus Diff: Topic: 22.5 Jovian Planets Bloom's: Remembering 49) Relatively small bodies which generally orbit between Mars and Jupiter are called Answer: asteroids Diff: Topic: 22.6 Small Solar System Bodies Bloom's: Remembering 50) Which planet, in addition to Earth, shows clear evidence of water erosion? Answer: Mars Diff: Topic: 22.4 Terrestrial Planets Bloom's: Remembering Critical Thinking and Discussion Use complete sentences, correct spelling, and the information presented in Chapter 22 to answer the questions below 51) Why are meteorites a possible source of information regarding the origin and composition of Earth? Also, what other "clues" might be present in meteorites? Diff: Topic: 22.6 Small Solar System Bodies Bloom's: Analyzing and Remembering 52) What is the general relationship between the number of natural satellites or moons that orbit a given planet and the mass of that planet? Also, how is our own Moon different from the natural satellites of other terrestrial planets? Diff: Topic: 22.3 Earth's Moon: A Chip Off the Old Block Bloom's: Remembering and Understanding 53) How is Earth unique as compared to other planets in our solar system? How is it similar? And finally, what geologic information might we obtain by visiting Mars or Venus that would further link Earth to these planets? Diff: Topic: 22.4 Terrestrial Planets Bloom's: Analyzing and Applying and Understanding 10 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 54) Label the planets on the diagram below Answer: See Figure 22.1 in Chapter 22 of Earth Science, 13e Diff: Topic: 22.1 Our Solar System: An Overview Bloom's: Applying 11 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 55) Carefully examine the telescopic view of the lunar surface (near side) below and the features labeled A, B, and C (a) Give a brief description that characterizes the bright area around C (b) Notice the features like those labeled A What are such features called? (c) How are craters like the one labeled B different from the craters of the area labeled C? (d) In what order (from first to latest) did the features form that are labeled A, B, and C? Answer: (a) Area C is heavily cratered lunar highland (b) maria (each one is a mare) (c) C-craters are less well-defined and not have rays, unlike the B-craters, which are welldefined rayed craters (d) C (first), A (second), B (last) Diff: Topic: 22.3 Earth's Moon: A Chip Off the Old Block Bloom's: Analyzing and Applying and Understanding 12 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc  ... Analyzing 28) The Moon has highland areas which approach the height of mountains on Earth Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 22.3 Earth' s Moon: A Chip Off the Old Block Bloom's: Analyzing 29) The very large,... between Mars and Earth Answer: FALSE Diff: Topic: 22.5 Jovian Planets Bloom's: Analyzing Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 34) Of the terrestrial planets, Mercury exhibits the greatest lateral... Topic: 22.3 Earth' s Moon: A Chip Off the Old Block Bloom's: Analyzing 37) Meteorites disintegrate and burn up as shooting stars; meteoroids survive an impact event and a trip through Earth' s atmosphere