Earth Science, 13e (Tarbuck) Chapter 14 Ocean Water and Ocean Life 1) The total amount of solid material dissolved in water is known as A) load B) salinity C) solute D) insoluble residue Answer: B Diff: Topic: 14.1 Composition of Seawater Bloom's: Remembering 2) The proportion of dissolved substances in seawater is expressed as 0/00, which is the same as A) parts per hundred B) parts per thousand C) parts per million Answer: B Diff: Topic: 14.1 Composition of Seawater Bloom's: Remembering 3) The most abundant salt in seawater is A) KCl B) MgCl2 C) NaCl D) none of these Answer: C Diff: Topic: 14.1 Composition of Seawater Bloom's: Remembering 4) The dissolved materials in seawater are thought to originate from chemical weathering of rocks on the continents and also from A) organisms B) evaporation of fresh water C) erosion D) outgassing of elements from Earth's interior E) none of these Answer: D Diff: Topic: 14.1 Composition of Seawater Bloom's: Remembering Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 5) Salinity in the ocean is highest in regions where is high and is low A) evaporation; precipitation B) precipitation; evaporation C) temperature; evaporation D) precipitation; temperature Answer: A Diff: Topic: 14.1 Composition of Seawater Bloom's: Remembering 6) Desalination is not a viable source for producing large amounts of fresh water because of A) environmental regulations B) technology C) cost D) all of these Answer: C Diff: Topic: 14.1 Composition of Seawater Bloom's: Remembering 7) A rapid change in temperature with depth in the ocean is called the A) homocline B) thermocline C) pycnocline D) isocline E) barocline Answer: B Diff: Topic: 14.2 Ocean Temperature Variation Bloom's: Remembering 8) Thermoclines in the ocean are best developed at A) lower latitudes B) higher latitudes C) both high and low latitudes D) regions close to continents Answer: A Diff: Topic: 14.2 Ocean Temperature Variation Bloom's: Remembering Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 9) The speed of sound in the ocean has been measured to determine changes in of the ocean A) volume B) salinity C) temperature D) density E) none of these Answer: C Diff: Topic: 14.2 Ocean Temperature Variation Bloom's: Remembering 10) A rapid change in density with depth in the ocean is called the A) homocline B) thermocline C) pycnocline D) isocline E) barocline Answer: C Diff: Topic: 14.3 Ocean Density Variation Bloom's: Remembering 11) Density in seawater is determined by A) temperature B) salinity C) both temperature and salinity D) none of these Answer: C Diff: Topic: 14.3 Ocean Density Variation Bloom's: Remembering 12) Most marine animals live near the surface of the ocean because of , which supports photosynthesis by marine algae that form the basis of the food chain A) sunlight B) air C) warmer temperatures D) all of these Answer: A Diff: Topic: 14.5 The Diversity of Ocean Life Bloom's: Remembering Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 13) Organisms, such as algae and bacteria, that drift with ocean currents are known as A) nekton B) plankton C) benthos organisms D) biomass E) none of these Answer: B Diff: Topic: 14.5 The Diversity of Ocean Life Bloom's: Remembering 14) The mass of all living organisms on Earth is called the A) nekton B) plankton C) benthos organisms D) biomass Answer: D Diff: Topic: 14.5 The Diversity of Ocean Life Bloom's: Remembering 15) Technically, algae are called A) zooplankton B) bioplankton C) phytoplankton D) nektoplankton Answer: C Diff: Topic: 14.5 The Diversity of Ocean Life Bloom's: Remembering 16) Animals capable of moving independently of the ocean currents, by swimming or other means of propulsion, are called A) nekton B) plankton C) benthos organisms D) biomass Answer: A Diff: Topic: 14.5 The Diversity of Ocean Life Bloom's: Remembering Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 17) organisms live on or in the ocean bottom A) Nektonic B) Planktonic C) Scavenging D) Benthonic E) none of these Answer: D Diff: Topic: 14.5 The Diversity of Ocean Life Bloom's: Remembering 18) The upper part of the ocean into which sunlight penetrates is called the zone A) thermal B) photic C) life D) mixing Answer: B Diff: Topic: 14.5 The Diversity of Ocean Life Bloom's: Remembering 19) The zone is the near-surface zone of the ocean where light is strong enough for photosynthesis to occur A) photic B) aphotic C) euphotic D) synphotic Answer: C Diff: Topic: 14.5 The Diversity of Ocean Life Bloom's: Remembering 20) The area where the land and ocean meet and overlap is called the zone A) intertidal zone B) neritic C) oceanic D) none of these Answer: A Diff: Topic: 14.5 The Diversity of Ocean Life Bloom's: Remembering Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 21) Seaward of the low tide line is called the zone A) intertidal B) neritic C) oceanic D) none of these Answer: B Diff: Topic: 14.5 The Diversity of Ocean Life Bloom's: Remembering 22) Open ocean of any depth where animals swim or float freely is known as the zone A) pelagic B) benthic C) abyssal D) unrestricted Answer: A Diff: Topic: 14.5 The Diversity of Ocean Life Bloom's: Remembering 23) The amount of carbon fixed by organisms through the synthesis of organic matter using energy derived from solar radiation is called A) chemosynthesis B) photosynthesis C) primary productivity D) none of these Answer: C Diff: Topic: 14.6 Oceanic Productivity Bloom's: Remembering 24) Productivity is highest in A) polar oceans B) tropical oceans C) temperate oceans Answer: C Diff: Topic: 14.6 Oceanic Productivity Bloom's: Remembering Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 25) Productivity in temperate oceans is determined by A) latitude B) seasons C) ocean currents D) all of these Answer: B Diff: Topic: 14.6 Oceanic Productivity Bloom's: Remembering 26) In the food chain, each feeding stage is called a level A) trophic B) bios C) replenishment D) none of these Answer: A Diff: Topic: 14.7 Oceanic Feeding Relationships Bloom's: Remembering Word Analysis Examine the words and/or phrases for each question below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases Choose the option which does not fit the pattern 27) sodium chloride magnesium chloride sodium sulfate Answer: carbon dioxide Diff: Topic: 14.1 Composition of Seawater Bloom's: Analyzing 28) plankton nekton neritic Answer: neritic Diff: Topic: 14.5 The Diversity of Ocean Life Bloom's: Analyzing 29) photic zone intertidal zone Answer: photic zone Diff: Topic: 14.5 The Diversity of Ocean Life Bloom's: Analyzing carbon dioxide benthos neritic zone oceanic zone Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 30) Salinity refers to all of the solid materials in seawater, both dissolved and visible Answer: FALSE Diff: Topic: 14.1 Composition of Seawater Bloom's: Analyzing 31) Halite (sodium chloride) is the most abundant salt found in seawater Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 14.1 Composition of Seawater Bloom's: Analyzing 32) Desalination is currently our most productive and efficient source of fresh water Answer: FALSE Diff: Topic: 14.1 Composition of Seawater Bloom's: Analyzing 33) The rapid change in temperature with depth in the ocean is called the pycnocline Answer: FALSE Diff: Topic: 14.2 Ocean Temperature Variation Bloom's: Analyzing 34) Thermoclines in the ocean are best developed at lower latitudes Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 14.2 Ocean Temperature Variation Bloom's: Analyzing 35) The density of seawater is controlled by temperature and salinity Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 14.3 Ocean Density Variation Bloom's: Analyzing 36) Salinity is the most important factor in the process of photosynthesis Answer: FALSE Diff: Topic: 14.6 Oceanic Productivity Bloom's: Analyzing 37) Plankton are organisms that swim freely in the ocean Answer: FALSE Diff: Topic: 14.5 The Diversity of Ocean Life Bloom's: Analyzing Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 38) Clams, sponges, and other bottom-dwelling animals are called benthos organisms Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 14.5 The Diversity of Ocean Life Bloom's: Analyzing 39) The upper part of the ocean into which sunlight penetrates is called the photic zone Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 14.5 The Diversity of Ocean Life Bloom's: Analyzing 40) The aphotic zone is the near-surface zone of the ocean where light is strong enough for photosynthesis to occur Answer: FALSE Diff: Topic: 14.5 The Diversity of Ocean Life Bloom's: Analyzing 41) The neritic zone is where the land and ocean meet and overlap Answer: FALSE Diff: Topic: 14.5 The Diversity of Ocean Life Bloom's: Analyzing 42) The open ocean, regardless of depth, where animals swim or float freely is called the abyssal zone Answer: FALSE Diff: Topic: 14.5 The Diversity of Ocean Life Bloom's: Analyzing 43) Productivity in the oceans is highest in tropical regions Answer: FALSE Diff: Topic: 14.6 Oceanic Productivity Bloom's: Analyzing 44) Feeding stages in the food chain are known as trophic levels Answer: TRUE Diff: Topic: 14.7 Oceanic Feeding Relationships Bloom's: Analyzing Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 45) refers to the total amount of dissolved materials in water Answer: Salinity Diff: Topic: 14.1 Composition of Seawater Bloom's: Remembering 46) The emission of water vapor and other gases from volcanoes is called Answer: outgassing Diff: Topic: 14.1 Composition of Seawater Bloom's: Remembering 47) The removal of salts and other chemicals to extract fresh water from seawater is called Answer: desalination Diff: Topic: 14.1 Composition of Seawater Bloom's: Remembering 48) refers to the change in temperature with depth in the ocean Answer: Thermocline Diff: Topic: 14.2 Ocean Temperature Variation Bloom's: Remembering 49) The pycnocline is a rapid change in with depth in the ocean Answer: density Diff: Topic: 14.3 Ocean Density Variation Bloom's: Remembering 50) include all organisms that drift with ocean currents Answer: Plankton Diff: Topic: 14.5 The Diversity of Ocean Life Bloom's: Remembering 51) refers to the mass of all living organisms on Earth Answer: Biomass Diff: Topic: 14.5 The Diversity of Ocean Life Bloom's: Remembering 10 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 52) Among plankton, animals that drift on ocean currents are specifically known as Answer: zooplankton Diff: Topic: 14.5 The Diversity of Ocean Life Bloom's: Remembering 53) Clams, sponges, and crabs are all examples of organisms Answer: benthos Diff: Topic: 14.5 The Diversity of Ocean Life Bloom's: Remembering 54) Marine organisms are influenced by a variety of physical oceanographic factors including , , and Answer: availability of sunlight, distance from shore, water depth Diff: Topic: 14.5 The Diversity of Ocean Life Bloom's: Remembering 55) The zone refers to the area where the land and ocean meet and overlap Answer: intertidal Diff: Topic: 14.5 The Diversity of Ocean Life Bloom's: Remembering 56) The zone refers to areas of the ocean, regardless of depth, where animals swim or float freely Answer: pelagic Diff: Topic: 14.5 The Diversity of Ocean Life Bloom's: Remembering 57) level refers to each of the feeding stages in the food chain Answer: Trophic Diff: Topic: 14.7 Oceanic Feeding Relationships Bloom's: Remembering 11 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc Critical Thinking and Discussion Use complete sentences, correct spelling, and the information presented in Chapter 14 to answer the questions below 58) Discuss variations in temperature and density of seawater with depth in the oceans Please use Figure 14.3 to help with your discussion What are the key factors that influence or control temperature and density? Are these variations the same worldwide or are they specific to certain regions? Explain Answer: Temperature follows a simple bell curve, which is to be expected given the distribution and concentration of solar energy on the surface of Earth Salinity is depressed at the equatorial region, but peaks in the 20-30 degree latitudes due to maximum evaporation a this location Diff: Topic: 14.3 Ocean Density Variation Bloom's: Applying and Remembering 12 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc 59) What is the relationship of marine life zones to the distance from a given shoreline? Briefly discuss the factors that control or cause these different zones Where are these factors on Figure 14.12 below and is one factor more important than the others? Answer: The farther away from the shore one travels, the less the biodiversity and the less the number of individuals of organisms This is due to light and/or nutrients being a limiting factor in the growth of phytoplankton which is the base of the food chain Light is by far the most important factor shown in Figure 14.12 Diff: Topic: 14.5 The Diversity of Ocean Life Bloom's: Applying 13 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc  ... Topic: 14.5 The Diversity of Ocean Life Bloom's: Remembering 14) The mass of all living organisms on Earth is called the A) nekton B) plankton C) benthos organisms D) biomass Answer: D Diff: Topic:... Diversity of Ocean Life Bloom's: Remembering 51) refers to the mass of all living organisms on Earth Answer: Biomass Diff: Topic: 14.5 The Diversity of Ocean Life Bloom's: Remembering 10 Copyright... which is to be expected given the distribution and concentration of solar energy on the surface of Earth Salinity is depressed at the equatorial region, but peaks in the 20-30 degree latitudes due