CHAPTER COST-VOLUME-PROFIT APPROACH TO DECISIONS I II Questions Refer to pages 172 and 173 Refer to pages 172 and 173 Refer to page 173 Use the equation: Sales = Fixed Cost + Desired Profit Contribution Margin Ratio Practical Exercises and Problems A EXERCISES EXERCISE Food 100.0% 35.0 65.0% 80.0% 52.0% Sales Less: Variable Cost Contribution Margin Multiply by: Sales Mix Weighted CM Total or Combined CM = = Beverage 100.0% 33.0 67.0% 20.0% 13.4% 52% + 13.4% 65.4% EXERCISE P100,800 Break-even sales revenue = – P96,000 P240,000 = P100,800 – 0.40 = P168,000 = P240,000 0.48 = P500,000 EXERCISE Break-even sales revenue 7-2 Solutions Manual - Managerial Accounting and Finance for Hospitality Operations EXERCISE Contribution margin = = P 125 – P75 P50 Break-even (units) = P400,000 P50 = 8,000 units EXERCISE a Selling price Variable cost Contribution margin P129.50 54.40 P 75.10 b Break-even (units) c Variable cost percentage = d Contribution % e Break-even sales P1,400,000 P75.10 = = 18,642 units P54.40 P129.50 P75.10 P129.50 = = P1,400,000 58% = = 42% 58% = P2,143,793 EXERCISE Requirement (a) Since the firm has sales revenue of P444,000, no additional sales are needed to generate the desired profit Requirement (b) Sales to earn net income after tax of P48,000 P188,482 + = = = P48,000 – 0.28 58% P188,482 + P66,666.666 58% P439,911.49 Cost-Volume-Profit Approach to Decisions 7-3 Proof: Sales Less: Variable cost (42%) Contribution margin Less: Fixed cost Net income before taxes Less: Taxes (28%) Net income after taxes P444,000 186,480 257,520 188,482 69,038 19,331 P 49,707 EXERCISE P6,000 26% = P23,077 B PROBLEMS PROBLEM Requirement (a) Break-even sales revenue P1,600,000 = = – P2,600,000 P5,000,000 P1,600,000 – 0.52 = P3,333,333.33 Requirement (b) Sales Variable Cost (52%) Contribution Margin Fixed Cost Net Income P4,400,000 2,288,000 P2,112,000 1,600,000 P 512,000 Requirement (c) No of customers served at P5 million sales level at P4.4 million sales level Reduction P50,000 44,000 P 6,000 P439,911 184,763 255,148 188,482 66,666 18,666 P 48,000 7-4 Solutions Manual - Managerial Accounting and Finance for Hospitality Operations PROBLEM Requirement (a) = Break-even sales = P98,320 – 75% = P98,320 25% P393,280 Requirement (b) = Sales = P98,320 + P30,000 25% P513,280 PROBLEM Requirement (1) CM Rate Weight Weighted CM Rooms 3.2M 4M 80.00% 66.67% 53.34% Food 0.15M 1.2 M 12.50 20.00 2.50 Beverage 0.25M 0.60 M 41.67 10.00 4.16 Telephone 0.20M 3.33% Total Weighted CM 60% Requirement (2) Break-even point = P1,600,000 + P1,700,000 60% = P5,500,000 Break-even sales P5,500,000 Contribution margin: at Break-even Rooms Food Beverage P5.5 M x 5.5 M x 5.5 M x 53.34% 2.50% 4.16% P2,933,700 137,500 228,800 Cost-Volume-Profit Approach to Decisions Telephone 5.5 M x 7-5 P3,300,000 3,300,000 Fixed costs Profit (Loss) Requirement (3) Revenue to yield Net income of P500,000 = = P3,300,000 + P500,000 60% P6,333,333 CM at P500,000 profit Rooms P6,333,333 Food 6,333,333 Beverage 6,333,333 Telephone 6,333,333 Total CM (60%) Less: Fixed costs Net income before tax x x x x 53.34% 2.50% 4.16% P3,378,200 158,333 263,467 P3,800,000 3,300,000 P 500,000 Sales Rooms (6,333,333 x 66.67%) Food (6,333,333 x 20%) Beverage (6,333,333 x 10%) Telephone (6,333,333 x 3.33%) Total 4,222,433 1,266,667 633,333 210,900 6,333,333 x x x x 80.00% 12.50% 41.67% P3,377,946 158,333 263,910 P3,800,189 * 189: rounding off difference Requirement (4) Rooms revenue when profit equals P500,000 = = P6,333,333 x 66.67% P4,222,433 Requirement (5) Break-even point if FC increase by P300,000 = = P3,300,000 + P300,000 60% P6,000,000 7-6 Solutions Manual - Managerial Accounting and Finance for Hospitality Operations Requirement (6) Break-even point if FC increase by P300,000 and revenues increase by 10% through = price increases = P3,300,000 + P300,000 63.67% P5,654,154 CM Rate Weight Weighted CM rate Rooms 3.6M 4.4 M 81.82% 66.67% 54.55% Food 0.27M 1.32 M 20.45% 20.00% 4.09% Beverage 310T 660T 47.00% 10.00% 4.70% Telephone 20T 200T 10.00% 3.33% 0.33% 100.00% 63.67% PROBLEM Requirement (1) Break-even point (P) P20,000 = – = P20,000 – 0.33 P10 P30 = P29,850.75 per month Requirement (2) Margin of safety in revenues = = P45,000 – P29,850.75 P15,149.25 Margin of safety in rooms = 45,000 30 = 1,500 – 995 = 505 Cost-Volume-Profit Approach to Decisions Requirement (3) S = 20,000 + 10,000 20 = 1,500 rooms Requirement (4) Occupancy percentage is 100% = 50 rooms x 30 days in a month = 1,500 rooms 7-7 ... P300,000 60% P6,000,000 7-6 Solutions Manual - Managerial Accounting and Finance for Hospitality Operations Requirement (6) Break-even point if FC increase by P300,000 and revenues increase by 10%... P 6,000 P439,911 184,763 255,148 188,482 66,666 18,666 P 48,000 7-4 Solutions Manual - Managerial Accounting and Finance for Hospitality Operations PROBLEM Requirement (a) = Break-even sales =...7-2 Solutions Manual - Managerial Accounting and Finance for Hospitality Operations EXERCISE Contribution margin = = P 125 – P75