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Addison Wesley Longman Limited Edinburgh Gate, Harlow Essex CM20 2JE, England and associated Companies throughout the world © Longman Group UK Limited 1991 This edition © Longman Group Limited 1995 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the Publishers First published 1991 Fifth impression 1997 Set in Linotronic 300 ITC Garamond Light 10/12pt and Frutiger light SVz/lOpt Printed in Spain by Mateu Cromo, S.A Pinto (Madrid) ISBN 0582 27357 Under no circumstances may any part of this book be photocopied for resale Authors' Acknowledgements We would like to thank the following people • Sara Humphreys who provided invaluable ideas • Marc Beeby and Gillie Cunningham for allowing us to use some of their material • Pat Mugglestone and Richard Rossner for their support and advice • Those people who piloted and/or reported on the materials: Donald Adamson, Sarah Aitken, Belinda Baldwin, David Barnett, Richard Cook, Olivia Date, Madeline du Vivier, Kathy Ellis, Alison Goosey, Sherry Johnston, Rob Jones, Joanne Kenworthy, Chris Lloyd, Helen Naylor, Janet Olearski, Paul Radley, Sarah ScottMaiden, Beverly Sedley, Lindy Seton-Winton, Brian Tomlinson and Ann Wills • Those people who agreed to be interviewed for our recordings: Bonnie Appleyard, Emma Attwood, Marc Beeby, Sue Boardman, David Bowker, Julie Canman, Jenny Craig, Robin Davies, Judi Dench, Ben Duncan, Pam Gadsby, Marie Gower, Mike Gutteridge, Ed Hackett, Sara Humphreys, Bruce Martin, Bruce Milne, Kevin Moll, the children from Saint Thomas More School, Franỗoise Mouchet, Simon Mould, Nancy Osmond, Norma Perry, Keith Ricketts, Annie Roberts, Sarah Scott-Maiden, Sue Sheerin, Dany Sivarolli, Jane Southwell and Liz Watson • Our publishers, Kate Goldrick and Gill Negus; our editors Kate Lovell and Joy Marshall; our designer, Sharon Sutcliffe; as well as Lynette Corner (permissions editor), Yolanda Durham (secretary), John Newton (audio producer), Martine Parsons (production manager), Marilyn Rawlings (art editor) - all at Longman ELT • The staffs of the Bell School, Cambridge and Bell College, Saffron Walden for their support and cooperation • Finally, special thanks should go to our Project Manager, Desmond O'Sullivan of ELT Publishing Services, for coordinating every aspect of the project with such professionalism and for his boundless energy and uncomplaining cheerfulness Contents chart Unit • • Title My favourite things Topics Grammar/functions Leisure activities Likes and dislikes; Definite article; So I Neither I Do you? I don't Question forms with Present Simple; Less direct questions; Short form answers Present Simple -with frequency adverbs/ phrases; Present Continuous Past Simple and Continuous; Used to; Time prepositions; Suggestions, opinions, agreeing/disagreeing Present Perfect (past experience, indefinite time); Time expressions; Question tags Predictions and decisions (will and going to); Verbs and prepositions PAGE • • How I look? PAGE • * Clothes and appearance 11 Foreign adventures Adventures abroad PAGE 19 •4 • Home thoughts from abroad Living in Britain PAGE 26 • • A bit windy Weather PAGE 33 • Use your grammar, Units 1-5 PAGE 40 • • Are you 'green' The environment Defining relative clauses; Clauses of purpose People and relationships Asking for descriptions; Adjective word order; Possessive -s; Adverbs of manner and degree Prepositions of place; Comparisons Adverbs of degree Open conditions: promises, threats, warnings; Modal auxiliaries: levels of certainty; Unless Time conjunctions with the present; If or when?; Future Passive; Future personal arrangements PAGE 42 • • Choosing a partner PAGE 49 •8 • A place to live Homes PAGE 57 •9 * Reading the signs Signs and predictions PAGE 64 • 10 • A better life? Houses of the future PAGE 71 • Use your grammar, Units 6-10 PAGE 78 • 11 • Is the service good enough? Hotels and restaurants Money Requests; Agreeing and offering; Refusing, making excuses Second conditional; Wish + past tense Eccentric people Since/for; Present Perfect (unfinished past) Unusual hobbies Obligation, prohibition, permission Food and health Quantity Unusual animals Reported speech Phobias -ing or to? The unexpected Past Perfect Simple and Continuous Prejudice The passive PAGE 80 • 12 • Money, money, money PAGE 87 • 13 • Layabout PAGE 94 • 14 • Leisure PAGE • 15 • 100 A meal or murder? PAGE • Use your grammar, Units 11-15 PAGE • 16 • 130 So strong PAGE • 20 • • 124 Tales of the unexpected PAGE • 19 • 117 What are you afraid of? PAGE • 18 • 115 Beastly tales PAGE • 17 • 108 137 Revision Use your grammar, Units 16-20 PAGE Integrated skills and language revision 151 Additional material for Use your grammar PAGE 153 Verb forms PAGE 157 Language index PAGE 158 Vocabulary Pronunciation Writing Leisure activities; Adjectives and verbs of likes and dislikes Word stress; Intonation in questions; Weak form of in questions Personal information Clothes Present Simple endings; Linking in connected speech Punctuation Nationality words Past Simple endings; Weak forms of was/were in Past Continous; Used to Linking expressions; Narrative (from sounds) Deducing meanings Intonation in question tags; Contracted forms of Present Perfect Spelling Weather Contracted form of will Weak form of to in going to Telephone dialogue Adjectives ending in -ed and -ing; Word building with suffixes Syllable stress: schwa (/э/) Semi-formal letter Clauses of reason and result Describing personality and appearance - Personal letter Making opposites Word stress Linking expressions Description of place Illness; Antonyms and synonyms - Connecting sentences to make a narrative Phrasal verbs with up and down Vowels Styles of writing Hotels; Changing verbs into nouns; Food Intonation of requests Notes and messages Money; Theft - Letter of advice Colloquial English: slang; idiomatic expressions Sentence stress Summary Leisure; Words often confused Have to, must Opening and closing a letter Letter of application Deducing words in context; Phrasal verbs Consonants (voiced/unvoiced) Report Animals; Idiomatic expressions (animals) - Descriptive writing (poem) Fear; Changing adjectives into verbs Diphthongs Linking words and expressions Make or do? - Comparing narrative styles Collocation Contrastive stress Story Irregular verbs PAGE 159 Pronunciation PAGE І60 Additional material PAGE 160 Tapescripts PAGE 161 My favourite things SPEAKING Things people like Look at the pictures They suggest six different activities which people like (doing) Match each of the activities with the categories in the box Example: sport: picture (horse-riding) sport hobbies books clothes music animals What you like and dislike (doing)? Copy the table below and write down at least one example of your likes and dislikes, using each of the categories from the box in Exercise LIKES sport hobbies badminton DISLIKES football Go round the class and tell other students what you like and dislike (doing) Examples: really love playing badminton ' don't like opera ' When you find someone who shares any of your likes and dislikes, note down their names on the table you made for Exercise LIKES sport hobbies badminton (Javier) DISLIKES football (Paola) Report back to the class Example: 'Both Javier and I love badminton Neither Paola nor I like football.' Unit READING Lenny Henn1 is one of Britain's most popular comedians and has his own television programme - The Lenny Нету Show As well as that, he is frequently on the radio and has sold many records One of seven children, Lenny grew up near Birmingham but now lives in London with his wife Read the first three paragraphs of the text quickly and write down six things that Lenny Henry likes Example: food Lenny Henry's favourite things 'Good food is a very high priority with me, especially as I'm nearly always on a diet, so there are times when I break the rules and go absolutely crazy and eat the entire contents of the fridge in one go, or I go to a restaurant and order the whole of the left-hand side of the menu I really enjoy eating Indian and Mexican food (especially chilli), and my Mum's food is fantastic, too (of course!) I've got a superb record collection - over 3,000 albums as well as various CDs - so you can guess that I just adore listening to music I really like Stevie Wonder, whose early music is terrific, and Prince and Hip Hop Ever since I was young I've loved looking round record shops I am very fond of cats - I've got two of them, Aretna and Flossie I like actors who are also good comedians like Peter Sellers, who was great in the good Pink Panther films, and Richard Pryor for his stand-up comedy I love Read the final two paragraphs of the text and write down several things that Lenny Henry dislikes Example: Shirts, when the arms aren 't long enough watching police programmes on the television, as well Police Squad and Hill Street Blues are wonderful I like reading comics, too - some of them are brilliant Also on my list of likes must be Jamaica I love going on holiday and I go back there as often as I can I tend to wear good clothes - maybe because I couldn't afford them when I was young I like wearing baggy suits and shiny shoes, but I can't stand shirts when the arms aren't long enough! One of my other pet hates is when expensive shoe shops don't have shoes in my size I think that's really awful There are lots of other things I don't like I detest violence, and the idea of nuclear war is very frightening indeed I don't mind being interviewed, but I get annoyed when I'm misquoted in newspapers I absolutely hate racist jokes because they promote ignorance I'm also not too keen on rude people and Australian soap operas - they're really dreadful.' Discuss the following questions in pairs a) Which of Lenny Henry's likes and dislikes you share with him? b) What things would you want to ask Lenny Henry if you were interviewing him? c) Which famous person would you like to interview? Give reasons for your choice Unit VOCABULARY LANGUAGE POINT Likes and dislikes: adjectives Verbs + -ing Which adjectives in the box mean very good and which mean very bad? Verbs of liking and disliking are often followed by verbs in the -ing form Examples: He loves watching police programmes on TV He doesn't like being misquoted fantastic brilliant terrific great dreadful wonderful awful superb Mark the stress on each of the words in the box in Exercise 1, putting the stress mark (') as used in many dictionaries before the strongest syllable (e.g.faritastic) Note that great has only one syllable, and the stress for one-syllable words is not normally marked in dictionaries In the text, Lenny Henry uses all the adjectives in the box in Exercise Example: He thinks his Mum's food is fantastic Find four other examples of when he uses them List five things which you think are really good or really bad Tell your partner and explain why Example: think the transport system in this country is awful because it's too expensive ' Likes and dislikes: verbs The verbs in the box refer to likes and dislikes Draw a line and write most positive above one end of the line and most negative above the other end (see the example below) Position the verbs along the line according to how positive or how negative they are adore detest don't mind be keen on most positive adore can't stand enjoy hate be fond of most negative List five things you love doing and five things you can't stand doing Tell your partner and explain why Example: love gardening because I enjoy being outdoors ' Similarities and differences Read the three example exchanges (The words in bold are stressed.) hate cold weather ' 'So I ' 'He doesn 't like fruit ' 'Neither we ' 'I love this weather ' 'Do you? I don't ' Match the sentences in column A with the appropriate replies in column B One has been done for you Then practise saying the dialogues in pairs (Look at Section in the Language reference for notes on the stress and intonation patterns used in the reply sentences.) a) 'I can't swim.' 'So I.' b) 'She is keen on jazz.'^ 'Neither we.' •'Neither can I.' c) 'He lives in Paris.' d) They don't like it here.' 'Do you? I don't.' e) T love English food.' 'Is she? I'm not.' Work with a partner STUDENT A Choose five of the words or phrases in the box and tell your partner how you feel about them Example: hate travelling by coach because it makes me feel sick ' spiders horror films football discos travel by coach babies romantic stories go on holiday with your parents exams STUDENT В Respond to your partner Example: A: / hate travelling by coach because it makes me feel sick в: So I And it's really boring too OR Do you? quite like it l'nit l PRONUNCIATION Listen to these questions and divide them into Group A (questions which sound interested and friendly) and Group В (questions which sound bored or even rude) a) 'How old are you?' b) 'Are you married?' c) 'Have you got any children?' d) 'Why you listen to classical music?' e) 'Where you work?' 'Can I ask you some questions?' What makes some of the questions sound more interested or friendly? Check with Section in the Language reference for notes on intonation in questions Then practise all the questions above, trying to make them sound friendly Listen to the following dialogues and practise them in pairs Pay special attention to the weak pronunciation of after a question word ('Where the)> live?' /da/) After question words often combines with you to sound like /dja/ or /dju/ ('Do you ever play tennis?') In a short reply, is pronounced in its strong form ('Yes, I ' /du:/) a) 'Do you like travelling to other countries?' 'Yes, I I go abroad at least twice a year.' b) 'What we want to drink?' 'Let's have a bottle of wine, shall we?' c) 'Do you ever play tennis?' 'Yes, I do, but only in the summer.' d) 'Where they live?' 'In Brazil They really love it there.' LANGUAGE POINT Question forms and short answers Roleplay the following dialogue between an interviewer (Student A) and Lenny Henry (Student B) STUDENT A STUDENT В Ask questions about the subjects listed in the box In each case, first ask general questions which require a Yes/No answer (e.g 'Areyou interested in food?') Then ask more specific questions (e.g 'What is your favourite kind of food?') Answer Student A using information from the text Give short answers first Example: clothes music food television programmes STUDENT A: STUDENT в: STUDENT A: STUDENT в: Are you interested in food? Yes, I am What kind of food you like? / love Indian and Mexican food giving interviews Change roles, so that Student В asks the questions and Student A answers See Use your grammar, page 40, for further practice of question forms, short answers and similarities and differences Unit Language reference Likes and dislikes The verbs enjoy, adore, don't mind, can't stand, don't like are usually followed either by nouns, or by verbs in the -ing form / enjoy Chinese food I enjoy eating Chinese food Word stress In words of two or more syllables one syllable is pronounced more strongly than the others: we say it is stressed 'terrible su'perb fan'tastic 'wonderful A good dictionary usually tells you the correct syllable to stress, and uses a symbol called a stress mark (') This means that the syllable that follows the mark is stressed The definite article (the) The definite article (the) is used to refer to: a) Specific things: / don't like the man over there in the leather jacket b) Things which the speaker and the hearer both know about: Where's the sugar? c) Some geographical locations: the United States, the Alps The definite article is NOT used to refer to: a) Things in general: I like cats (i.e cats in general) (NOT /like the cots.) b) Languages and most countries: / speak Italian (NOT I speak the Italian.) She lives in Turkey Similarities and differences Similarities So like having a sleep after lunch ' 'So I ' So can be used instead of too and as we/I like having a sleep after lunch ' 'I like having a sleep after lunch, too / as well ' If there is no auxiliary verb (be/ have/ can / will, etc.) in the first sentence, or does is used in the answer hate getting up early ' 'So I ' If an auxiliary verb is used in the first sentence, this is repeated in the answer 'She's Japanese.' 'So is he.' 'I'll help him ' 'So will I ' Neither haven't got any brothers' 'Neither have I ' Neither is used like So It means not either haven't got any brothers ' haven't got any brothers either ' Note that the repeated subject is usually stressed So I Neither we 10 Present Simple questions Seepage 757 Less direct questions QUESTION PHRASES Would you mind telling me which you prefer? wonder if you'd mind telling me Could you tell me Additional material U N I T 18 (page 152) UNIT 19 (page 152) Past Perfect The passive STUDENT A Carly Chris Anna Phil Diane a) Ask your partner questions to find out about the people above Example: A: Whose house has been destroyed? B: Diane's has Who / bite / by a snake yesterday? Whose phone / just disconnect? Who / often / kiss by famous film stars? Who / give a prize / next week? STUDENT A a) You are a film director Student В is a journalist He / She is going to ask you some questions about your new film The pictures above are scenes from the film Decide on the order things happened and answer the journalist's questions Then tell him / her the story beginning from the end Say what the girl had clone and why Use words like when, before, after Example: When the family came home, they were angry because b)You are now a journalist Student В is a film director You saw this clip of his / her new film on television yesterday Ask questions to find out what had happened and why Then the film director will tell you the story Example: Why was the woman angry? b) Answer your partner's questions about the people above who have had lucky and unlucky experiences Example: B: Whose wallet has been stolen? A: Tony's has UNIT (page40) Present Continuous STUDENT В Look at your picture Don't look at your partner's picture Describe what the six people are doing and wearing Find eight differences between your partner's picture and yours Verb forms Verb forms Unit3 Past Simple Regular verbs: base form of the verb + (e)d (e.g start-^ started; arrive -» arrived) Irregular verbs: see list on page 159 Unit Present Simple questions AFFIRMATIVE Be and have (got) / She You We They AUXILIARY PRONOUN Am Is Are / she /he/ it you /we/ they right? French? ready? Have Has / you / we / they he/she (got) the keys? (got) any brothers? (Note that speakers of American English as well as some British English speakers use Do you have ? instead of Have you got ?) arrived late went out NEGATIVE He didn't arrive late You didn't go out QUESTION When did you arrive/ go? Do AUXILIARY PRONOUN BASE FORM Do Does / / you / 'we they she / he need like Past Continuous more milk? chocolate? How What How many AUXILIARY PRONOUN you? they she are has AFFIRMATIVE I/ He was using it You / We / They were watching him Question words and phrases QUESTION WORD Past of be + -ing form of the verb NEGATIVE do? got? He wasn't listening You weren't working QUESTION Unit What was it eating? What were they doing? Present Simple statements AFFIRMATIVE / / You j We / They live in England She/ He lives in England NEGATIVE // You/ We/ They don't live in England She I He doesn't live in England Unit5 Going to + base form of the verb Be + -ing form of the verb AFFIRMATIVE AFFIRMATIVE dancing I'm (am) She's (is) You/ We/ They're (are) I'm (am) He's (is) You / We/ They're (are) going to visit Paris NEGATIVE NEGATIVE I'm not He isn't You/ We / They aren 't dancing I'm not She isn't We're not going to it QUESTION QUESTION am is she are you Used to is followed by the base form of the verb / used to have a car They didn't use to have a car Did she use to have a car? Future with going to Present Continuous What Used to doing? Where am I is she are you going to live? SHORT ANSWER 'Are they going to meet you?' 'Yes, they are ' / 'No, they're not ' Language index UNIT Adjective word order Adjectives ending in -edand -ing Adverbs of degree 7, Adverbs of manner Advice 12 Agreeing/disagreeing Agreeing and offering 11 Antonyms and synonyms Article (definite) Comparisons Conditional: second 12 Conditionals: open (promises, threats, warnings) Defining relative clauses Definite article Describing personality and appearance Describing places Descriptions (asking for ) Do or make? 18 -ed and -ing (adjective endings) For or since? 13 Future Passive 10 Future personal arrangements 10 Future: ivtil and going to (predictions and decisions) If от when? 10 -ing and -ed (adjective endings) -ing or to? 17 Less direct questions linking expressions 3, 8, 17 Make or