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CHAPTER 19 Using Securities Markets for Financing & Investing Opportunities McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2015 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights reserved LEARNING OBJECTIVES Describe the role of securities markets and of investment bankers Identify the stock exchanges where securities are traded Compare the advantages and disadvantages of equity financing by issuing stock, and detail the differences between common and preferred stock Compare the advantages and disadvantages of obtaining debt financing by issuing bonds, and identify the classes and features of bonds 19-2 LEARNING OBJECTIVES Explain how to invest in securities markets and set investment objectives such as longterm growth, income, cash, and protection from inflation Analyze the opportunities stocks offer as investments Analyze the opportunities bonds offer as investments Explain the investment opportunities in mutual funds and exchangetraded funds (ETFs) Describe how indicators like the Dow Jones Industrial Average affect the market 19-3 MELODY HOBSON Ariel Investments • Hobson started as an intern at Ariel Investments after graduating from Princeton in 1991 • Now, as president of the company, she oversees more than $9 billion in assets • Preaches patience in investing • Ariel Investments focuses on stocks and equity funds that should perform in the long 19-4 NAME that COMPANY If someone had bought 100 shares in this company when it was first available to the public in 1965, it would have cost $2,250. If they held on to the stock, the number of shares they’d have today would be 74,360 (after 12 stock splits) with a value of approximately $7.4 million Name that company! 19-5 The BASICS of SECURITIES MARKETS LO 191 • Securities markets are financial marketplaces for stocks and bonds and serve two primary functions: Assist businesses in finding longterm funding to finance capital needs Provide private investors a place to buy and sell securities such as stocks and bonds 19-6 TYPES of SECURITIES MARKETS LO 191 • Securities markets are divided into primary and secondary markets: - Primary markets handle the sale of new securities. - Secondary markets handle the trading of securities between investors with the proceeds of the sale going to the seller • Initial Public Offering (IPO) The first offering of a corporation’s stock 19-7 INVESTMENT BANKERS and INSTITUTIONAL INVESTORS LO 191 • Investment Bankers Specialists who assist in the issue and sale of new securities • Institutional Investors Large organizations such as pension funds or mutual funds that invest their own funds or the funds of others 19-8 STOCK EXCHANGES LO 191 • Stock Exchange An organization whose members can buy and sell (exchange) securities on behalf of companies and individual investors • OvertheCounter (OTC) Market Provides companies and investors with a means to trade stocks not listed on the national securities exchanges • NASDAQ A telecommunications network that links dealers across the nation so they can exchange securities electronically. 19-9 TOP STOCK EXCHANGES LO 191 • NYSE Euronext • NASDAQ • London Stock Exchange • Tokyo Stock Exchange • Deutsche Borse 19-10 WHAT MUTUAL FUNDS CAN LEARN FROM KaChing LO 198 Reform the ratings system Give information for free Cut out useless fees Be transparent Share insights Source: Fast Company, www.fastcompany.com, accessed November 2014 19-46 PERCENTAGE of HOUSEHOLDS OWNING MUTUAL FUNDS Source: Investment Company Institute Factbook LO 198 19-47 VARIETIES of ETFs Source: Schwab and E*Trade LO 198 19-48 UNDERSTANDING MUTUAL FUND QUOTATIONS LO 198 19-49 COMPARING INVESTMENTS LO 198 19-50 TEST PREP • What is a stock split? Why do companies sometimes split their stock? • What does buying stock on margin mean? • What are mutual funds and ETFs? • What is the key benefit to investors in investing in a mutual fund or ETF? 19-51 The DOW LO 199 19-52 KEY STOCK MARKET INDICATORS LO 199 • Dow Jones Industrial Average The average cost of 30 selected industrial stocks • Critics say the 30company Dow is too small a sample and suggest following the S&P 500 • S&P 500 tracks the performance of 400 industrial, 40 financial, 40 public utility, and 20 transportation stocks 19-53 MARKET TURMOIL LO 199 • The stock market has its shares of ups and downs: - October 29, 1929 Black Tuesday; the market lost 13% of its value - October 19, 1987 The market suffered its worst oneday drop when it lost 22% of its value - October 27, 1997 Fears of an economic crisis in Asia cause widespread panic and losses 19-54 TURMOIL in the 2000s LO 199 • The market collapsed into a deep decline in 20002002 when the dotcom bubble burst. - Investors lost $7 trillion in market value • Starting in 2008, the collapse of the real estate market sent financial markets into panic - The U.S. government made significant investments in private banks and offered a large stimulus package to re energize the economy 19-55 The WALL STREET of NOW Source: Bloomberg Businessweek, www.businessweek.com, accessed November 2014. LO 199 19-56 The UPS and DOWNS of the MARKET LO 199 • Program Trading Giving instructions to computers to automatically sell if the price of a stock dips to a certain point to avoid potential losses • Analysts believe program trading caused the turmoil in 1987 • The exchanges created mechanisms to restrict program trading 19-57 WHO’S at FAULT for the ECONOMIC CRISIS? LO 199 • Wall Street Issued exotic securities; paid excessive compensation based on bonuses; and investment banks got the SEC to relax capital requirements • Main Street Americans lived beyond their means; lenders gave favorable loans to homebuilders; greedy homeowners took out equity loans; and teaser mortgage rates let people live large • Washington GrammLeachBilley Act allowed commercial and investment banks to partner; housing interest rates were kept low; and Community Reinvestment Act forced lending to people with bad credit Source: Fortune Magazine, www.fortune.com, accessed November 2014. 19-58 CLEANING UP the STREET LO 199 19-59 TEST PREP • What does the Dow Jones Industrial Average measure? Why is it important? • Why do the 30 companies comprising the Dow change periodically? • Explain program trading and the problems it can create 19-60 ... Compare the advantages and disadvantages of equity financing by issuing stock, and detail the differences between common and preferred stock Compare the advantages and disadvantages of obtaining debt financing by issuing bonds, and identify ... • Tokyo Stock Exchange • Deutsche Borse 19-10 GIVING SMALL BUSINESS a JUMP on FUNDING • The goal of the JOBS Act is to ease small business financing problems • The SEC adopted new rules, including:... Corporations can issue two classes of bonds: Unsecured bonds (debenture bonds): not backed by specific collateral Secured bonds: backed by collateral (land or equipment) 19-24 SPECIAL FEATURES in BOND ISSUES
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