Understanding business 11th by mchugh nickels chap009

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Understanding business 11th by mchugh nickels chap009

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CHAPTER 9 Production  and  Operations  Management McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2015 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights reserved LEARNING OBJECTIVES Describe the current state of U.S. manufacturing and  what manufacturers have done to become more  competitive Describe the evolution from production to operations  management Identify various production processes and describe  techniques that improve productivity, including  computer­aided design and manufacturing, flexible  manufacturing, lean manufacturing and mass  customization.  9-2 LEARNING OBJECTIVES Describe operations management planning issues  including facility location, facility layout, materials  requirement planning, purchasing, just­in­time  inventory control and quality control Explain the use of PERT and Gantt charts to control  manufacturing processes 9-3 SHAHID KHAN Flex­N­Gate • Moved from Pakistan to the  U.S. at the age of 16 • After college, he got a job  overseeing Flex­N­Gate • Bought the company after two  years and refined the  production process • Now the company brings in  over $3 billion in sales each  year 9-4 NAME that COMPANY Operations management in this hotel company  includes restaurants that offer the finest in  service, elevators that run smoothly, and a front  desk that processes people quickly. It may  include fresh­cut flowers in the lobbies and  dishes of fruit in every room Name that company! 9-5 MANUFACTURING in the U.S LO 9­1 • Some areas in the U.S.  are experiencing  economic growth while  others are declining • Manufacturing in the  U.S. is so productive  fewer workers are  needed 9-6 WHAT’S MADE in the USA? LO 9­1 Leading U.S. Manufactured Goods Source: Parade Magazine, www.parade.com, accessed November 2014 9-7 MASSIVE MANUFACTURERS LO 9­1 The Top Ten U.S. Manufacturers Source: Industry Week, www.industryweek.com, accessed November 2014 9-8 YOUR OWN FARM in a BOX • Freight Farms was developed after the founders  were unsatisfied with rooftop greenhouses • Each container is 320­square­feet and can  produce 900 heads of leafy greens each week • The company works with small and medium­ sized food distributers so local food can be  enjoyed year round 9-9 TOP­PAYING SERVICE JOBS LO 9­1 • The U.S. economy is no longer manufacturing  based • 85% of jobs are in the service sector • The top­paying service jobs in the U.S. are in: - Legal services - Medical services - Entertainment - Accounting - Finance - Management consulting  9-10 PURCHASING LO 9­4 • Purchasing ­­ The function  that searches for high­quality  material resources, finds the  best suppliers and negotiates  the best price for goods and  services • The Internet has  transformed purchasing 9-45 INVENTORY CONTROL LO 9­4 • Just­in­Time (JIT) Inventory Control ­­ The  production process in which a minimum of inventory  is kept and parts, supplies and other needs are  delivered just in time to go on the assembly line • To work effectively, the process requires  excellent coordination with suppliers 9-46 QUALITY CONTROL LO 9­4 • Quality ­­ Consistently  producing what the customer  wants while reducing errors  before and after delivery • Six Sigma Quality ­­ A  quality measure that allows  only 3.4 defects per million  opportunities.   Photo Credit: Argonne National Laboratory 9-47 The SIX SIGMA PROCESS LO 9­4 6σ Control Improve Analyze Measure Define Source: Bloomberg Businessweek, www.businessweek.com, accessed November 2014 9-48 STATISTICAL QUALITY CONTROL &  STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL LO 9­4 • Statistical Quality Control ­­ A process used to  continually monitor all phases of the production  process • Statistical Process Control ­­ A process of  testing statistical samples of product components at  each stage of production.   • Measuring quality along the production process  reduces the need for quality control at the end 9-49 The BALDRIGE AWARDS LO 9­4 • Companies can apply for awards in these areas: - Manufacturing - Services - Small Businesses - Non­Profit/Government - Education - Healthcare  9-50 THE WINNERS ARE… LO 9­4 2014 Baldrige Award Recipients  Source: National Institute of Standards and Technology, www.quality.nist.gov, accessed November 2014 9-51 WHAT is ISO? LO 9­4 • The International Organization for  Standardization (ISO) is a worldwide federation  of national standards bodies • ISO 9000 ­­ The common name given to quality  management and assurance standards • ISO 14000 ­­ A collection of the best practices for  managing an organization’s impact on the  environment 9-52 TEST PREP • What are the major criteria for facility location? • What’s the difference between MRP and ERP? • What’s just­in­time inventory control? • What are Six Sigma quality, the Baldrige Award,  ISO 9000 and ISO 14000? 9-53 PERT LO 9­5 • Program Evaluation and Review Technique  (PERT) ­­ A method for analyzing the tasks involved  in completing a given project and estimating the time  needed 9-54 STEPS INVOLVED in PERT LO 9­5 Analyzing and sequencing tasks Estimating the time needed to complete each  task Drawing a PERT network illustrating the first two  steps Identifying the critical path • Critical Path ­­ The sequence of tasks that  takes the longest time to complete 9-55 PERT CHART for a MUSIC VIDEO LO 9­5 9-56 GANTT CHARTS LO 9­5 • Gantt Chart – A bar graph that shows what projects  are being worked on and how much has been  completed 9-57 GANTT CHART for a  DOLL FACTORY LO 9­5 9-58 TEST PREP • Draw a PERT chart for making breakfast of three­ minute eggs, buttered toast and coffee. Define the  critical path • How could you use a Gantt chart to keep track of  production? 9-59 ... GLOBAL MARKETS LO 9­1 • U.S. is still the leader in nanotechnology and  biotechnology • How can U.S. businesses maintain a competitive  edge? - Focusing on customers - Maintaining close relationships with suppliers

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Mục lục

  • CHAPTER 9

  • LEARNING OBJECTIVES

  • Slide 3

  • SHAHID KHAN Flex-N-Gate

  • NAME that COMPANY

  • MANUFACTURING in the U.S.

  • WHAT’S MADE in the USA? Leading U.S. Manufactured Goods

  • MASSIVE MANUFACTURERS The Top Ten U.S. Manufacturers

  • YOUR OWN FARM in a BOX

  • TOP-PAYING SERVICE JOBS

  • REMAINING COMPETITIVE in GLOBAL MARKETS

  • NOBODY DOES IT BETTER

  • PRODUCTION and PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT

  • OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT

  • OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT in the SERVICE SECTOR

  • THERE’S an APP for THAT Top Productivity Apps for iPad

  • TEST PREP

  • The PRODUCTION PROCESS

  • FORM UTILITY

  • GROVE’S BASIC PRODUCTION REQUIREMENTS

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