1 Capitalization MARY ELLEN GUFFEY AND CAROLYN M SEEFER BUSINES S ENGLISH 12e â 2017 Cengage Learningđ May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock © Valeri Potapova/Shutterstock LEARNING OUTCOMES Level ▶ Properly capitalize sentence beginnings, the pronoun I, proper nouns, and proper adjectives ▶ Determine when to capitalize geographic locations, organization names, academic courses and degrees, and seasons â 2017 Cengage Learningđ May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Basic Rules of Capitalization  Beginning of a Sentence  The Pronoun I  Proper Nouns  Proper Adjectives  Geographic Locations  Organization Names  Academic Courses and Degrees Seasons â â 2017 2017 Cengage Cengage Learningđ Learning® May May not not be be scanned, scanned, copied copied or or duplicated, duplicated, or or posted posted to to a a publicly publicly accessible accessible website, website, in in whole whole or or in in part, part, except except for for use use as as permitted permitted in in a a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise onora service password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.system © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock  Beginning of a Sentence  Capitalize the first letter of a word beginning a sentence The Web has changed the way we business Companies today have many social media tools at their fingertips for marketing, communication, and recruiting â â 2017 2017 Cengage Cengage Learningđ Learningđ May May not not be be scanned, scanned, copied copied or or duplicated, duplicated, or or posted posted to to a a publicly publicly accessible accessible website, website, in in whole whole or or in in part, part, except except for for use use as as permitted permitted in in a a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise onora service password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.system © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock  The Pronoun I  Capitalize the pronoun I, no matter where it appears or how it is used in a sentence I’m surprised that I’ve never seen this movie before If I were you, I’d accept the job offer © © 2017 2017 Cengage Cengage Learning® Learning® May May not not be be scanned, scanned, copied copied or or duplicated, duplicated, or or posted posted to to a a publicly publicly accessible accessible website, website, in in whole whole or or in in part, part, except except for for use use as as permitted permitted in in a a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise onora service password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.system © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock  Proper Nouns  Capitalize proper nouns, including the specific names of persons, places, schools, streets, parks, buildings, holidays, events, months, days, nicknames, agreements, websites, software programs, apps, games, historical periods, and so forth  Do NOT capitalize common nouns that make general references Gulf Oil Company Gulf gasoline Amazon.com website UC Davis campus â â 2017 2017 Cengage Cengage Learningđ Learningđ May May not not be be scanned, scanned, copied copied or or duplicated, duplicated, or or posted posted to to a a publicly publicly accessible accessible website, website, in in whole whole or or in in part, part, except except for for use use as as permitted permitted in in a a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise onora service password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.system © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock  Proper Adjectives  Capitalize most adjectives that are derived from proper nouns European economy Japanese imports Victorian attitudes Boston baked beans Internet legislation French doors © © 2017 2017 Cengage Cengage Learning® Learning® May May not not be be scanned, scanned, copied copied or or duplicated, duplicated, or or posted posted to to a a publicly publicly accessible accessible website, website, in in whole whole or or in in part, part, except except for for use use as as permitted permitted in in a a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise onora service password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.system © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock  Proper Adjectives  Do NOT capitalize those adjectives originally derived from proper nouns that have become common adjectives through usage manila folders india ink charlie horse french fries diesel engine china dishes © © 2017 2017 Cengage Cengage Learning® Learning® May May not not be be scanned, scanned, copied copied or or duplicated, duplicated, or or posted posted to to a a publicly publicly accessible accessible website, website, in in whole whole or or in in part, part, except except for for use use as as permitted permitted in in a a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise onora service password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.system © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock How can you tell which proper adjectives are no longer capitalized? When in doubt, consult a dictionary or reference manual © © 2017 2017 Cengage Cengage Learning® Learning® May May not not be be scanned, scanned, copied copied or or duplicated, duplicated, or or posted posted to to a a publicly publicly accessible accessible website, website, in in whole whole or or in in part, part, except except for for use use as as permitted permitted in in a a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise onora service password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.system © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock  Geographic Locations  Capitalize the names of specific places such as continents, countries, states, cities, counties, mountains, valleys, lakes, rivers, seas, oceans, geographic regions, neighborhoods, and subdivisions Washington, DC Mediterranean Sea Monroe County Kansas City Mt St Helens Harlem â â 2017 2017 Cengage Cengage Learningđ Learningđ May May not not be be scanned, scanned, copied copied or or duplicated, duplicated, or or posted posted to to a a publicly publicly accessible accessible website, website, in in whole whole or or in in part, part, except except for for use use as as permitted permitted in in a a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise onora service password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.system © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock 10  Words Following marked and stamped  Capitalize words that follow the words marked and stamped Do you know why this letter is marked “Confidential”? The box of glass bottles was stamped “Handle With Care.” © © 2017 2017 Cengage Cengage Learning® Learning® May May not not be be scanned, scanned, copied copied or or duplicated, duplicated, or or posted posted to to a a publicly publicly accessible accessible website, website, in in whole whole or or in in part, part, except except for for use use as as permitted permitted in in a a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise onora service password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.system © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock 64 Special Uses of Personal Titles and Terms  Titles in Official Documents  Titles Used With the Terms ex, elect, late, and former © © 2017 2017 Cengage Cengage Learning® Learning® May May not not be be scanned, scanned, copied copied or or duplicated, duplicated, or or posted posted to to a a publicly publicly accessible accessible website, website, in in whole whole or or in in part, part, except except for for use use as as permitted permitted in in a a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise onora service password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.system © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock 65  Titles in Official Documents  When a title of an official appears in that organization’s minutes, bylaws, or other official documents, it is capitalized The Human Resources Director will be our official representative in collective bargaining (Appearing company bylaws) The college President presented the annual budget to the faculty (Appearing in meeting minutes) © © 2017 2017 Cengage Cengage Learning® Learning® May May not not be be scanned, scanned, copied copied or or duplicated, duplicated, or or posted posted to to a a publicly publicly accessible accessible website, website, in in whole whole or or in in part, part, except except for for use use as as permitted permitted in in a a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise onora service password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.system © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock 66  Titles Used With the Terms ex, elect, late, and former  When the terms ex, elect, late, and former are used with capitalized titles, they are not capitalized She read the memoirs of ex-President Truman Governor-elect Haley spoke to members of the National Press Club Members of Congress honored the late Vice President Ford with a statue in the Rotunda of the U.S Capitol We think that former Controller Robinson will be named the company’s new CFO © © 2017 2017 Cengage Cengage Learning® Learning® May May not not be be scanned, scanned, copied copied or or duplicated, duplicated, or or posted posted to to a a publicly publicly accessible accessible website, website, in in whole whole or or in in part, part, except except for for use use as as permitted permitted in in a a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise onora service password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.system © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock 67 TRY YOUR SKILL Make any necessary corrections to capitalization Kim Hunter, mba, received her Bachelor’s degree from ohio university in athens Kim Hunter, MBA, received her bachelor’s degree from Ohio University in Athens Academic Degrees/Proper Nouns/Geographic Locations © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock 68 TRY YOUR SKILL Make any necessary corrections to capitalization Your reservations are for flight 32 on american airlines leaving from gate 14 Your reservations are for Flight 32 on American Airlines leaving from Gate 14 Numbered Items/Organization Name © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock 69 TRY YOUR SKILL Make any necessary corrections to capitalization In the Fall Matt enrolled in history, spanish, and marketing classes In the fall Matt enrolled in history, Spanish, and marketing classes Season/Language â 2017 Cengage Learningđ May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a â 2017 Cengage Learningđ May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock 70 TRY YOUR SKILL Make any necessary corrections to capitalization Either the President or Vice President must make the decision about ordering Dell Computers for the staff Either the president or vice president must make the decision about ordering Dell computers for the staff Titles Replacing Names/Product Name â 2017 Cengage Learningđ May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a â 2017 Cengage Learningđ May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock 71 TRY YOUR SKILL Make any necessary corrections to capitalization Before moving to the west coast, our manager lived in the south Before moving to the West Coast, our manager lived in the South Points of the Compass â 2017 Cengage Learningđ May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a â 2017 Cengage Learningđ May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock 72 TRY YOUR SKILL Make any necessary corrections to capitalization In our engineering department, we need special keyboards with greek symbols In our Engineering Department, we need special keyboards with Greek symbols Department/Language â 2017 Cengage Learningđ May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a â 2017 Cengage Learningđ May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock 73 TRY YOUR SKILL Make any necessary corrections to capitalization To reach austin, drive South on highway 81 until you reach exit To reach Austin, drive south on Highway 81 until you reach Exit Geographic Location/Point of the Compass/Numbered Items © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock 74 TRY YOUR SKILL Make any necessary corrections to capitalization The civil rights act of 1964 prohibits Employment Discrimination The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits employment discrimination Law/Common Noun © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock 75 TRY YOUR SKILL Make any necessary corrections to capitalization How in the World did we miss chart that appeared in diagram of appendix B? How in the world did we miss Chart that appeared in Diagram of Appendix B? Celestial Body/Numbered and Lettered Items © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock 76 TRY YOUR SKILL Make any necessary corrections to capitalization 10 This cia document is marked “top secret.” This CIA document is marked “Top Secret.” Organization Name/Words Following marked © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock 77 “The more you understand, the less you have to remember.” – Craig A McCaw, American businessman/ entrepreneur (b 1949) © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license © 2017 Cengage Learning® May be scanned, copied duplicated, or postedwebsite to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, exceptfor forclassroom use as permitted in a license distributed with a distributed with a certain product or not service or otherwise on or a password-protected or school-approved learning management system use © Larysa certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Ray/Shutterstock 78 ... such as company, committee, association, and board are preceded by the word the and are used in formal or legal documents (contracts, bylaws, minutes), they may be capitalized As legal agent of the... use.system © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock 30  Business Correspondence Components  Capitalize the first word of certain business correspondence components that are included in letters,... Larysa Ray/Shutterstock 11  Organization Names  Capitalize the principal words in the names of all business, civic, educational, government, labor, military, philanthropic, political, professional,