5 Verbs MARY ELLEN GUFFEY AND CAROLYN M SEEFER BUSINES S ENGLISH 12e â 2017 Cengage Learningđ May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock © Valeri Potapova/Shutterstock LEARNING OUTCOMES Level ▶ Identify transitive, intransitive, linking, and helping verbs ▶ Recognize the functions and uses of active- and passivevoice verbs ▶ Use correctly verbs in the present, past, and future tenses â 2017 Cengage Learningđ May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Three Types of Verbs  Action  Linking Action Verbs: Tell what a subject does, including physical and mental actions  Helping Mark Zuckerberg created the Facebook site (Physical action) He wants people of all ages to use this social networking site (Mental action) © © 2017 2017 Cengage Cengage Learning® Learning® May May not not be be scanned, scanned, copied copied or or duplicated, duplicated, or or posted posted to to a a publicly publicly accessible accessible website, website, in in whole whole or or in in part, part, except except for for use use as as permitted permitted in in a a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise onora service password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.system © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Action Verbs: Two Kinds  Action Action Verbs: Can be transitive or intransitive Transitive Verb: Expresses an action toward a person or thing; requires a direct object (noun or pronoun) to complete its meaning The committee developed guidelines for its task (The transitive verb developed directs action toward its object guidelines.) © © 2017 2017 Cengage Cengage Learning® Learning® May May not not be be scanned, scanned, copied copied or or duplicated, duplicated, or or posted posted to to a a publicly publicly accessible accessible website, website, in in whole whole or or in in part, part, except except for for use use as as permitted permitted in in a a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise onora service password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.system © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Action Verbs: Two Kinds  Action Action Verbs: Can be transitive or intransitive Intransitive Verb: Expresses action but does not require an object to complete its meaning Kim Collins works for a large marketing firm (The noun firm is the object of the preposition for, not an object of the verb works.) © © 2017 2017 Cengage Cengage Learning® Learning® May May not not be be scanned, scanned, copied copied or or duplicated, duplicated, or or posted posted to to a a publicly publicly accessible accessible website, website, in in whole whole or or in in part, part, except except for for use use as as permitted permitted in in a a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise onora service password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.system © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock TRY YOUR SKILL What are the transitive verbs and their objects in these sentences? McDonald’s gave coupons to the winners The winners ate free Big Macs Please run the program a second time Place your trash in the bin â 2017 Cengage Learningđ May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a â 2017 Cengage Learningđ May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock TRY YOUR SKILL What are the Greg listened carefully intransitive to the proposal verbs in these I worked at that job for sentences? nine years Before the test Jackie studied very hard She sang out of tune © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Three Types of Verbs  Action  Linking Linking Verbs: “Link” or join the subject to its complement Complement: A noun, pronoun, or adjective that renames or describes the subject  Helping Betty Ray is the new vice president (The linking verb is joins the complement vice president to the subject.) © © 2017 2017 Cengage Cengage Learning® Learning® May May not not be be scanned, scanned, copied copied or or duplicated, duplicated, or or posted posted to to a a publicly publicly accessible accessible website, website, in in whole whole or or in in part, part, except except for for use use as as permitted permitted in in a a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise onora service password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.system © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Three Types of Verbs  Linking Some linking verbs are derived from the verb to be: am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been Others are words that describe sense experiences: feel, appear, taste, seem, sound, smell, etc The engine sounds good (The linking verb sounds joins the complement good, which is an adjective that describes the subject engine.) © © 2017 2017 Cengage Cengage Learning® Learning® May May not not be be scanned, scanned, copied copied or or duplicated, duplicated, or or posted posted to to a a publicly publicly accessible accessible website, website, in in whole whole or or in in part, part, except except for for use use as as permitted permitted in in a a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise onora service password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.system © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock TRY YOUR SKILL What are the linking verbs and complements in these sentences? The caller could have been Jeremy It was he who called yesterday Sheila felt bad about the news Max looks sharp in his new suit © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock 10 LEARNING OUTCOMES Level ▶ Write the correct forms of irregular verbs ▶ Recognize verb forms in the progressive and perfect tenses © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock 48 Irregular Verbs Regular verbs: form the past tense with the addition of a d or ed (work, worked) Irregular verbs: form the past tense and past participle in a variety of ways  Learn the list of irregular verbs shown in your textbook by using the pattern shown on the next slide © © 2017 2017 Cengage Cengage Learning® Learning® May May not not be be scanned, scanned, copied copied or or duplicated, duplicated, or or posted posted to to a a publicly publicly accessible accessible website, website, in in whole whole or or in in part, part, except except for for use use as as permitted permitted in in a a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise onora service password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.system © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock 49 Pattern for Learning Irregular Verbs Present tense Past tense Future tense Present participle Past participle Today I begin Yesterday I began Tomorrow I will begin Today I am beginning In the past I have begun â â 2017 2017 Cengage Cengage Learningđ Learningđ May May not not be be scanned, scanned, copied copied or or duplicated, duplicated, or or posted posted to to a a publicly publicly accessible accessible website, website, in in whole whole or or in in part, part, except except for for use use as as permitted permitted in in a a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise onora service password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.system © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock 50 Irregular Verbs Practice Present tense Past tense Future tense Present participle Past participle choose drink freeze swim chose drank froze swam will choose will drink will freeze will swim choosing drinking freezing swimming chosen drunk frozen swum Try these verbs using this pattern â â 2017 2017 Cengage Cengage Learningđ Learningđ May May not not be be scanned, scanned, copied copied or or duplicated, duplicated, or or posted posted to to a a publicly publicly accessible accessible website, website, in in whole whole or or in in part, part, except except for for use use as as permitted permitted in in a a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise onora service password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.system © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock 51 Lie/Lay  Pay special attention to the irregular verbs lie and lay Present Past lie (to rest) lay (to place) lay laid Past Present Participl Participl e e lain lying laid laying â â 2017 2017 Cengage Cengage Learningđ Learningđ May May not not be be scanned, scanned, copied copied or or duplicated, duplicated, or or posted posted to to a a publicly publicly accessible accessible website, website, in in whole whole or or in in part, part, except except for for use use as as permitted permitted in in a a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise onora service password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.system © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock 52 Lie/Lay What kind of verb is lie?  Transitive (requires a direct object to complete its meaning)  Intransitive (requires no direct object to complete its meaning) What kind of verb is lay?  Transitive  Intransitive © © 2017 2017 Cengage Cengage Learning® Learning® May May not not be be scanned, scanned, copied copied or or duplicated, duplicated, or or posted posted to to a a publicly publicly accessible accessible website, website, in in whole whole or or in in part, part, except except for for use use as as permitted permitted in in a a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise onora service password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.system © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock 53 TIPS  Substitute the word rest for lie and the word place for lay  Commands are given in the present tense To lie (rest) To lay (place) â â 2017 2017 Cengage Cengage Learningđ Learning® May May not not be be scanned, scanned, copied copied or or duplicated, duplicated, or or posted posted to to a a publicly publicly accessible accessible website, website, in in whole whole or or in in part, part, except except for for use use as as permitted permitted in in a a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise onora service password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.system © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock 54 TRY YOUR SKILL Select the “(Lie/Lay) over there.” Peter told his dog correct verb to complete Today I will (lie/lay) these down for a nap sentences Tiger, my ferocious cat, is (lying, laying) on the rug We (lay, laid) the rug down just for Tiger © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock 55 TRY YOUR SKILL Select the Are you (lying, laying) correct verb to bricks today? complete She loves to (lie/lay) in these the sun while she’s on sentences vacation We plan to (lie/lay) new tile in the kitchen He’s been (lying, laying) on the couch all day â 2017 Cengage Learningđ May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a â 2017 Cengage Learningđ May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock 56 TRY YOUR SKILL The books have (lain/laid) Select the on the counter for days correct verb to complete 10 Library patrons have these been returning books by (lying, laying) them on sentences the cart 11 Ann (layed/laid) the contract on your desk two days ago 12 You can (lay, lie) your briefcase on this table © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock 57 The Progressive Verb Tenses PresentPast-Progressive Progressive Verbs Verbs Express ongoing actions that are happening presently Express ongoing actions that occurred in the past, usually as another action was taking place FutureProgressive Verbs Express ongoing actions that will take place in the future â â 2017 2017 Cengage Cengage Learningđ Learningđ May May not not be be scanned, scanned, copied copied or or duplicated, duplicated, or or posted posted to to a a publicly publicly accessible accessible website, website, in in whole whole or or in in part, part, except except for for use use as as permitted permitted in in a a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise onora service password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.system © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock 58 The Progressive Verb Tenses Examples PresentPast-Progressive Progressive Verbs Verbs He is planning the program now He was planning the program before he was replaced FutureProgressive Verbs He will be planning another program next week â â 2017 2017 Cengage Cengage Learningđ Learning® May May not not be be scanned, scanned, copied copied or or duplicated, duplicated, or or posted posted to to a a publicly publicly accessible accessible website, website, in in whole whole or or in in part, part, except except for for use use as as permitted permitted in in a a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise onora service password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.system © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock 59 The Perfect Verb Tenses Present-Perfect Verbs Past-Perfect Verbs Future-Perfect Verbs Express actions that began in the past and have continued to the present Express actions finished before other actions in the past Express actions that will be completed before other future actions â â 2017 2017 Cengage Cengage Learningđ Learning® May May not not be be scanned, scanned, copied copied or or duplicated, duplicated, or or posted posted to to a a publicly publicly accessible accessible website, website, in in whole whole or or in in part, part, except except for for use use as as permitted permitted in in a a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise onora service password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.system © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock 60 The Perfect Verb Tenses Examples Present-Perfect Verbs She has offered to work late Past-Perfect Verbs We had called before he left Future-Perfect Verbs Newscasts will have announced projected winners before we have voted © © 2017 2017 Cengage Cengage Learning® Learning® May May not not be be scanned, scanned, copied copied or or duplicated, duplicated, or or posted posted to to a a publicly publicly accessible accessible website, website, in in whole whole or or in in part, part, except except for for use use as as permitted permitted in in a a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise onora service password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.system © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock 61 “After the verb ‘to love,’ [the verb] ‘to help’ is the most beautiful verb in the world.” – Bertha Von Suttner, Czech-Austrian novelist, first woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize (18431914) â 2017 Cengage Learningđ May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license â 2017 Cengage Learningđ May be scanned, copied duplicated, or postedwebsite to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, exceptfor forclassroom use as permitted in a license distributed with a distributed with a certain product or not service or otherwise on or a password-protected or school-approved learning management system use © Larysa certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Ray/Shutterstock 62 ... an action directed by the subject toward the object of the verb  Writing that uses active-voice verbs is clear, direct, and forceful  Active voice is called the voice of business © © 2017 2017... Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock 17 Primary Tenses of Verbs PresentTense Verbs Past-Tense Verbs The tense you see in the dictionary Generally formed by adding d or ed to the present tense of... Participle  Present participle: formed by adding ing to the present part of the verb  When used in a sentence, the present participle is generally preceded by some form of the helping verb to be