3 Nouns MARY ELLEN GUFFEY AND CAROLYN M SEEFER BUSINES S ENGLISH 12e â 2017 Cengage Learningđ May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock © Valeri Potapova/Shutterstock LEARNING OUTCOMES Level ▶ Distinguish between proper and common nouns ▶ Make regular and irregular nouns plural ▶ Spell correctly the plural forms of nouns ending in y, f, and o; proper nouns; surnames; compound nouns; and numerals, letters, abbreviations, and acronyms â 2017 Cengage Learningđ May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Noun Classes  Nouns name: Persons Places Things Qualities FeelingsConcepts Activities Measures  Nouns may be grouped into two classes: Common Nouns Proper Nouns © © 2017 2017 Cengage Cengage Learning® Learning® May May not not be be scanned, scanned, copied copied or or duplicated, duplicated, or or posted posted to to a a publicly publicly accessible accessible website, website, in in whole whole or or in in part, part, except except for for use use as as permitted permitted in in a a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise onora service password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.system © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Examples of Noun Classes  Common Nouns: actor automobile restaurant capital city tablet computer politician  Proper Nouns: Chris Pine Ford Fusion Chipotle Baton Rouge iPad Air Margaret Thatcher â â 2017 2017 Cengage Cengage Learningđ Learningđ May May not not be be scanned, scanned, copied copied or or duplicated, duplicated, or or posted posted to to a a publicly publicly accessible accessible website, website, in in whole whole or or in in part, part, except except for for use use as as permitted permitted in in a a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise onora service password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.system © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Noun Plurals—Regular Plural nouns: name two or more things Regular nouns: form the plural with the addition of s or es â â 2017 2017 Cengage Cengage Learningđ Learningđ May May not not be be scanned, scanned, copied copied or or duplicated, duplicated, or or posted posted to to a a publicly publicly accessible accessible website, website, in in whole whole or or in in part, part, except except for for use use as as permitted permitted in in a a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise onora service password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.system © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Making Regular Nouns Plural Add s to most regular nouns office, offices manager, managers Add es to regular nouns ending in s, x, z, ch, or sh loss, losses box, boxes klutz, klutzes bench, benches brush, brushes Exception: quiz, quizzes © © 2017 2017 Cengage Cengage Learning® Learning® May May not not be be scanned, scanned, copied copied or or duplicated, duplicated, or or posted posted to to a a publicly publicly accessible accessible website, website, in in whole whole or or in in part, part, except except for for use use as as permitted permitted in in a a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise onora service password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.system © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Making Irregular Nouns Plural  A few plural nouns change form Examples: man, men foot, feet mouse, mice child, children © © 2017 2017 Cengage Cengage Learning® Learning® May May not not be be scanned, scanned, copied copied or or duplicated, duplicated, or or posted posted to to a a publicly publicly accessible accessible website, website, in in whole whole or or in in part, part, except except for for use use as as permitted permitted in in a a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise onora service password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.system © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock TRY YOUR SKILL How would you make these nouns plural? business coin house quiz tax      businesses      coins      houses      quizzes      taxes      viruses virus      wishes wish      porches porch      women woman   mice mouse â 2017 Cengage Learningđ May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a â 2017 Cengage Learningđ May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Nouns Ending in y  When y is preceded by a vowel (a, e, i, o, u), add s only attorney, attorneysholiday, holidays turkey, turkeys valley, valleys  When y is preceded by a consonant, change the y to ies baby, babies company, companies luxury, luxuries secretary, secretaries © © 2017 2017 Cengage Cengage Learning® Learning® May May not not be be scanned, scanned, copied copied or or duplicated, duplicated, or or posted posted to to a a publicly publicly accessible accessible website, website, in in whole whole or or in in part, part, except except for for use use as as permitted permitted in in a a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise onora service password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.system © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Nouns Ending in f, f, or fe  For nouns ending in f, add s tariff, tariffs cliff, cliffs  For nouns ending in f or fe, no standard rule is followed Study these examples and use a dictionary when in doubt Add s surf, surfs safe, safes Change to ves knife, knives shelf, shelves © © 2017 2017 Cengage Cengage Learning® Learning® May May not not be be scanned, scanned, copied copied or or duplicated, duplicated, or or posted posted to to a a publicly publicly accessible accessible website, website, in in whole whole or or in in part, part, except except for for use use as as permitted permitted in in a a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise onora service password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.system © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock 10 Separate and Combined Ownership  When two nouns express combined ownership, make only the second noun possessive Dawn and Cheryl’s apartment is located near campus The husband and wife’s inheritance was substantial © © 2017 2017 Cengage Cengage Learning® Learning® May May not not be be scanned, scanned, copied copied or or duplicated, duplicated, or or posted posted to to a a publicly publicly accessible accessible website, website, in in whole whole or or in in part, part, except except for for use use as as permitted permitted in in a a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise onora service password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.system © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock 48 Separate or Combined Ownership: Clues Look at the object owned (apartment, inheritance) If that object is singular, ownership is usually combined © © 2017 2017 Cengage Cengage Learning® Learning® May May not not be be scanned, scanned, copied copied or or duplicated, duplicated, or or posted posted to to a a publicly publicly accessible accessible website, website, in in whole whole or or in in part, part, except except for for use use as as permitted permitted in in a a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise onora service password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.system © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock 49 Academic Degrees  Generic academic degrees are written with possessive apostrophes, even if the word degree is implied Kristen earned her associate’s degree UCLA offers many bachelor’s degrees A master’s in accounting is required for the position Mitchell earned his doctoral degree (no apostrophe) © © 2017 2017 Cengage Cengage Learning® Learning® May May not not be be scanned, scanned, copied copied or or duplicated, duplicated, or or posted posted to to a a publicly publicly accessible accessible website, website, in in whole whole or or in in part, part, except except for for use use as as permitted permitted in in a a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise onora service password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.system © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock 50 TRY YOUR SKILL Identify and correct any noun possession errors in this sentence In three day’s time, we will board a plane for Hawaii Correction: In three days’ time, we will board a plane for Hawaii â 2017 Cengage Learningđ May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a â 2017 Cengage Learningđ May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock 51 TRY YOUR SKILL Identify and correct any noun possession errors in this sentence One months rent is all you need to secure this apartment Correction: One month’s rent is all you need to secure this apartment © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock 52 TRY YOUR SKILL Identify and correct any noun possession errors in this sentence Sandy purchased five hour’s worth of wireless access at the airport Correction: Sandy purchased five hours’ worth of wireless access at the airport â 2017 Cengage Learningđ May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a â 2017 Cengage Learningđ May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock 53 TRY YOUR SKILL Identify and correct any noun possession errors in this sentence We always get our moneys worth at this restaurant Correction: We always get our money’s worth at this restaurant © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock 54 TRY YOUR SKILL Identify and correct any noun possession errors in this sentence Our book club will meet at Michelles in June Correction: Our book club will meet at Michelle’s in June â 2017 Cengage Learningđ May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a â 2017 Cengage Learningđ May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock 55 TRY YOUR SKILL Identify and correct any noun possession errors in this sentence Jonathan’s proposal was more convincing than Kendras Correction: Jonathan’s proposal was more convincing than Kendras â 2017 Cengage Learningđ May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a â 2017 Cengage Learningđ May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock 56 TRY YOUR SKILL Identify and correct any noun possession errors in this sentence Michael and Sam’s cars were both broken into last night Correction: Michael’s and Sam’s cars were both broken into last night (separate ownership) © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock 57 TRY YOUR SKILL Identify and correct any noun possession errors in this sentence Amy’s and Aaron’s daughter is in high school Correction: Amy and Aaron’s daughter is in high school (combined ownership) â 2017 Cengage Learningđ May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a â 2017 Cengage Learningđ May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock 58 TRY YOUR SKILL Identify and correct any noun possession errors in this sentence James earned his masters degree in business administration Correction: James earned his master’s degree in business administration â 2017 Cengage Learningđ May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a â 2017 Cengage Learningđ May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock 59 TRY YOUR SKILL Identify and correct any noun possession errors in this sentence You need a bachelors degree to qualify for this position Correction: You need a bachelor’s degree to qualify for this position © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a © 2017 Cengage Learning® May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock 60 Can an Apostrophe Make a Difference? ▶The butler stood by the door and called the guests names as they arrived OR The butler stood by the door and called the guests’ names as they arrived â â 2017 2017 Cengage Cengage Learningđ Learning® May May not not be be scanned, scanned, copied copied or or duplicated, duplicated, or or posted posted to to a a publicly publicly accessible accessible website, website, in in whole whole or or in in part, part, except except for for use use as as permitted permitted in in a a license distributed with a license distributed with a certain product or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management for classroom use © certain product or service or otherwise onora service password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.system © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Larysa Ray/Shutterstock 61 “One of the glories of English simplicity is the possibility of using the same word as noun and verb.” Edward Sapir, American anthropologist/linguist (1884-1939) â 2017 Cengage Learningđ May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license © 2017 Cengage Learning® May be scanned, copied duplicated, or postedwebsite to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, exceptfor forclassroom use as permitted in a license distributed with a distributed with a certain product or not service or otherwise on or a password-protected or school-approved learning management system use © Larysa certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock Ray/Shutterstock 62 ... is preceded by a vowel (a, e, i, o, u), add s only attorney, attorneysholiday, holidays turkey, turkeys valley, valleys  When y is preceded by a consonant, change the y to ies baby, babies company,... Larysa Ray/Shutterstock TRY YOUR SKILL How would you make these nouns plural? business coin house quiz tax      businesses      coins      houses      quizzes      taxes... 10 Nouns Ending in o  When o is preceded by a vowel, add s only curio, curios studio, studios ratio, ratios portfolio, portfolios  When o is preceded by a consonant, no standard rule applies