Chapter Heredity and Diseases Types of Hereditary Diseases (Dominant)     Polydactyly: Extra fingers or toes Achondroplasia: Defective formation of cartilage causing dwarfism Marfan Syndrome: System cannot support functions – multisystemic – no cure Familial Hypercholesterolemia: High cholesterol, causes cardiovascular diseases Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc Types of Hereditary Diseases (Recessive)      Phenylketonuria: Mental Retardation Galactosemia: Mental Retardation from build up of galactose causing development problems in brain, liver and eyes Sickle-cell Anemia: Deformed shape of red blood cells blocking flow of normal blood cells Tay-Sachs: Progressive mental retardation and physical regression Albinism: Lack of melanin (color) in skin and hair Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc Types of Hereditary Diseases (Sex-linked)     Color Blindness: Cannot distinguish reds and greens Hemophilia: Blood-clotting disorder Fragile X-Syndrome: Mental retardation due to breakage of the X chromosome Familial Diseases     Epilepsy Diabetes Allergies Cardiovascular diseases Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc Types of Hereditary Diseases (Abnormal Chromosome)  Down Syndrome        Extra Autosomal chromosome Slanted eyes Coarse tongue Short, flat nose Underdeveloped sex organs Short life expectancy Cri Du Chat Syndrome   Small head, deficiency in brain tissue Weak, cat-like cry Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc Congenital Diseases    Appear at birth or shortly after Result from failure in developmental stage, not from chromosome abnormality or genetics Factors      Inadequate oxygen Drugs/Alcohol Maternal infection Malnutrition Radiation Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc ... Familial Hypercholesterolemia: High cholesterol, causes cardiovascular diseases Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc Types of Hereditary Diseases (Recessive)... Familial Diseases     Epilepsy Diabetes Allergies Cardiovascular diseases Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc Types of Hereditary Diseases (Abnormal Chromosome)... Hereditary Diseases (Sex-linked)     Color Blindness: Cannot distinguish reds and greens Hemophilia: Blood-clotting disorder Fragile X-Syndrome: Mental retardation due to breakage of the X chromosome