Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com www.Ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com D IGIT AL IS DES TROYING E VERYTHING www.Ebook777.com D IGIT AL IS DES TROYING E VERYTHING What the Tech Giants Won’t Tell You about How Robots, Big Data, and Algorithms Are Radically Remaking Your Future Andrew V Edwards ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD Lanham • Boulder • New York • London Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com Published by Rowman & Littlefield A wholly owned subsidiary of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc 4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706 www.rowman.com Unit A, Whitacre Mews, 26-34 Stannary Street, London SE11 4AB Copyright © 2015 by Rowman & Littlefield All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without written permission from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote passages in a review British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Edwards, Andrew V., 1956– Digital is destroying everything : what the tech giants won’t tell you about how robots, big data, and algorithms are radically remaking your future / Andrew V Edwards pages cm Includes index ISBN 978-1-4422-4651-5 (cloth : alk paper) — ISBN 978-1-4422-4652-2 (electronic) Automation—Social aspects Technology—Social aspects Internet—Social aspects Electronic data processing—Social aspects I Title T14.5.E385 2015 303.48'3—dc23 2014048145 TM The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 Printed in the United States of America www.Ebook777.com This book is dedicated to my wife, Luchy, and my children, Adam and Siena CONTENTS Foreword A Note on the Use of the Word “Digital” in This Book ix xiii Digital Is Destroying Everything Crazy Train: How Digital Drove Big Music Off the Rails The Bezos Bauble: Digital Is Destroying the Newspaper Industry 17 The Business Case, or, When Digital Destroys Digital 29 Undigital, Unemployed: Digital Is Destroying the Job Market 41 The Lonely Screen: Digital Is Destroying Human Interaction 51 A Golden Ring, Just Out of Reach: Digital Is Destroying Higher Education 61 The Downtown Next Time: Digital Is Destroying Urban Life in America 69 Oversharing and Undercounting: Digital Is Destroying Rational Discourse and the Democratic Process 83 10 Books, Bath, and Beyond: Digital Is Destroying Retail 97 11 B2B and the Perils of Freemium: Digital Is Destroying the Business-to-Business Market for Digital 111 12 Digital Has Destroyed Authoritarian Rule (or Has It?) 119 13 Obsessive Compulsive: Digital Is Destroying Our Will to Create Anything Not Digital 127 vii viii CONTENTS 14 Wall Street as Vaudeville: Digital Is Destroying Financial Services 139 15 Invaders from Earth: Digital Is Destroying the Professions (and More) 149 16 From Rubylith to Selfies: Lesser Pursuits Destroyed by Digital 165 17 It’s Worse Than You Thought: Digital Is Destroying Privacy 173 18 Maybe It’s All Bullshit 187 19 Don’t Read This First: Surviving and Prospering in a Digital Future 199 Notes 205 Index 223 Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com FOREWORD There was a cold snap in the winter of 2000, and the New York City sidewalks around Andrew’s office on John Street were frozen solid and the front doors to his building were buried in what seemed like several feet of snow The late 1990s was a time of digital agency rollups, and I had moved to New York to lead a similar effort for a public holding company whose assets included the venerable Harvard Graphics, as well as Renaissance Multimedia, where Andrew was CEO and founder I was the executive vice president of the company that just acquired his, and my board had cautioned me to take it easy with this shiny new acquisition and its quirky founder I had been in technology since the early 1980s and, having just founded and built one of the first web analytic companies (eventually sold to Yahoo), could relate to that advice Founders can be quirky and touchy After all, it takes one to know one Renaissance was hidden away several floors up a rickety elevator, in a building not far from Wall Street and a block away from the Italianate Federal Reserve The location was archetypically New York I met Andrew for the first time in a cold lobby on John Street that winter’s day Andrew is a New Yorker’s New Yorker and has a “don’t mess with me” presence at six-foot-four, with black horn-rimmed glasses and a Long Island accent you could cut with a knife For our first meeting, we crossed the street for lunch to one of those hidden places, down a flight of stairs, and beyond the heavy velvet curtain to a dimly lit restaurant ringed ix www.Ebook777.com 218 NOTES Eric Topol, MD, The Creative Destruction of Medicine: How the Digital Revolution Will Create Better Health Care (New York: Basic Books, 2012) “Digital Medicine Will Reshape Hospitals,” EE Times, November 11, 2013 10 “Serious health policy wonks will tell you that if you want to control health care costs, you will need to shift a lot of work away from doctors towards lower-paid workers such as nurse-practitioners and physician’s assistants, or those even further down the healthcare wage hierarchy.” See “The Future of the MD,” The Daily Beast, January 23, 2013 11 “In the Future We’ll All Be Renters: America’s Disappearing Middle Class,” The Daily Beast, August 10, 2014 12 “Computers that Learn from Mistakes Coming to Markets in 2014,” Nature World News, December 30, 2013 13 http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/presskit/27297.wss 14 Ibid 15 “A Closer Look at Google’s New Robot Army,” Gizmodo, December 14, 2013 16 Ibid 17 “Insect-Inspired Sensors Improve Tiny Robot’s Flight,” The Scientist, June 18, 2014 18 “The government is pouring money into researching and developing artificially intelligent swarming robots, and the looming question is whether this cutting-edge technology will be used for good, or bring about a dystopian future of smart and lethal machines that could be used against humans.” —“For Good or Bad, Intelligent, Swarming Nanobots Are the Next Frontier of Drones,” Motherboard (Vice), May 21, 2014 19 “Better Than Human: Why Robots Will—and Must—Take Our Jobs,” Wired, December 24, 2012 20 “Could Robots Be the Writers of the Future?” TechRadar, April 1, 2013 21 Ibid 22 Ibid 23 “[In] Mark Coker’s ‘2013 Book Publishing Industry Predictions—Indie Ebook Authors Take Charge’ Coker noted that ‘If Amazon could invent a system to replace the author from the equation, they’d that.’” “Assault on Writers from Automated Software,” Huffington Post, March 29, 2013 24 www.automatedinsights.com 25 “‘Rubber Rooms’ in New York Schools Cost City $22 Million a Year for Teachers Awaiting Hearings,” Huffington Post, October 16, 2012 26 “One Year on the Job, 13 Years in Rubber Room Earns Perv Teacher $1M,” New York Post, January 27, 2013 N OT E S 219 27 “‘Will computers replace teachers? Dear God, I hope so,’ says Katherine Mangu-Ward, managing editor of Reason magazine,” Reason, April 6, 2013 28 http://www.elephantart.com/catalog/funds.php 29 http://www.zoosociety.org/Conservation/Bonobo/BonoboPainting.php 30 Heather Bush, Why Cats Paint: A Theory of Feline Aesthetics (Berkeley, CA: Ten Speed Press, 1994) 31 “Algorithmic art, also known as algorithm art, is art, mostly visual art, of which the design is generated by an algorithm” (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Algorithmic_art) 32 “Robot Art: Henry Moon’s Drawing Machines,” The Creators’ Project/ Vice.com 33 Ibid 34 In his book Leviathan Thomas Hobbes described the natural state of mankind as a “warre of every man against every man.” 35 “Whatsoever therefore is consequent to a time of Warre, where every man is Enemy to every man; the same is consequent to the time, wherein men live without other security, than what their own strength, and their own invention shall furnish them withall In such condition, there is no place for Industry; because the fruit thereof is uncertain; and consequently no Culture of the Earth; no Navigation, nor use of the commodities that may be imported by Sea; no commodious Building; no Instruments of moving, and removing such things as require much force; no Knowledge of the face of the Earth; no account of Time; no Arts; no Letters; no Society; and which is worst of all, continuall feare, and danger of violent death; And the life of man, solitary, poore, nasty, brutish, and short.” Ibid 16 FROM RUBYLITH TO SELFIES: LESSER PURSUITS DESTROYED BY DIGITAL “In 1919, New York produced more than 50 percent of total national output in 12 lines of manufacture, and was competitive in many more.” See Slate, January 23, 2014 “History of the Adobe Postscript Format,” http://www.investintech.com/ resources/articles/pdfpostscript The Stanford Web Archive Portal stores legacy web pages from as far back as 1991: https://swap.stanford.edu From Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address: “The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.” 220 NOTES “Children Don’t Want Toys for Christmas Anymore,” Business Insider, December 21, 2012 “A Magazine Is an iPad That Does Not Work.m4v,” YouTube, https:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=aXV-yaFmQNk “As Children Pine for Electronics, Traditional Toy Makers Face a Growing Tech Challenge,” Globe and Mail, November 24, 2012 17 IT’S WORSE THAN YOU THOUGHT: DIGITAL IS DESTROYING PRIVACY “Ancient Rome’s Terrorizing Toilets,” Discover magazine, June 18, 2014 “An Expert’s Take on Toilet History and Customs from Antiquity to the Renaissance,” Biblical Archaeology Society, February 17, 2012 “Facebook Just Made Your Private Messages Public—Here’s What to Do,” MacLean’s, September 24, 2012 “Hands On: Fitbit Charge Review,” TechRadar, October 27, 2014 “New Survey Suggests Millennials Have No Idea What Privacy Means,” Forbes, April 26, 2013 “Survey Identifies a ‘Millennial Rift’ Revealing New Views about Privacy on Social Media and a Willingness to Cooperate Online with Businesses,” USC Annenberg News, April 22, 2013 The bundling board was a large plank placed between the two lovers See “Courtship, Sex and the Single Colonist,” Colonial Williamsburg Journal, Holiday 2007 Ibid Samuel D Warren and Louis D Brandeis, “The Right to Privacy,” Harvard Law Review, 1890 10 “The Prism: Privacy in an Age of Publicity,” The New Yorker, June 24, 2013 11 Ibid 12 “For me, in terms of personal satisfaction, the mission’s already accomplished.” —Edward Snowden, Washington Post, December 23, 2013 13 “The NSA Spies and Democrats Look Away,” CNN, July 9, 2013 14 “Major Opinion Shifts, in the US and Congress, on NSA Surveillance and Privacy: Pew [study] finds that, for the first time since 9/11, Americans are now more worried about civil liberties abuses than terrorism,” The Guardian, July 29, 2013 15 “Judge Questions Legality of NSA Phone Records,” New York Times, December 16, 2013 N OT E S 221 16 “Many of the techniques used would be intolerable in a democratic society even if all of the targets had been involved in violent activity, but COINTELPRO went far beyond that The Bureau conducted a sophisticated vigilante operation aimed squarely at preventing the exercise of First Amendment rights of speech and association, on the theory that preventing the growth of dangerous groups and the propagation of dangerous ideas would protect the national security and deter violence.” —Final Report of the Church Committee on Operation COINTELPRO 17 “More Federal Agencies Are Using Undercover Operations,” New York Times, November 16, 2014 18 “‘Newburgh Four’ Terrorism Case was FBI Entrapment: HBO Film,” New York Post, July 20, 2014 19 “Google CEO Larry Page has rapidly positioned Google to become an indispensable U.S Military contractor.” See “Google’s Robots and Creeping Militarization,” The Daily Caller, January 9, 2014 20 https://www.apple.com/r/store/government 21 http://www.experian.com/public-sector/risk-management-forgovernment.html 22 “Microsoft GovCon Alliance strengthens solutions for federal government contractors.” —Community Dynamics, June 16, 2014 18 MAYBE IT’S ALL BULLSHIT “Stephen Hawking Warns Artificial Intelligence Could End Mankind,” http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-30290540 INDEX 2004 presidential election, 92–93 2012 elections, 58 3rd Ward, 134–136 ACA See Affordable Care Act AC/DC, 11 adaptability, 190, 193–197, 203 addresses See websites administrative positions, 43–45 ad networks, 22 Adobe, 73–74, 114, 182–183 Adobe Illustrator 1.0, 182 Adobe Photoshop, 182–183 ad revenue, newsprint losing, 20 advertisers, newsprint influencing, 20, 21–22 advertising: on apps, 23; digital moved to by, 22–23 See also digital advertising affinity marketing, 195 Affordable Care Act (ACA), 5, 83 Afghanistan See WikiLeaks aggregator, 45 agriculture, 195 AIG See American International Group air travel, 133, 184 album sales, 10 Aldean, Jason, 15 algorithm, 89 Alibaba, 45 Alternet, 26 Amazon, 67–68, 71, 97–98, 99, 100–101, 103, 109, 147, 160, 189 American Assembly (Columbia University), 12 American city See cities American Civil War, 168 American International Group (AIG), 142 America Online See AOL Andreessen, Marc, 79 anti-terrorism See National Security Agency; Snowden, Edward anti-war protest organizations, 125–126 AOL, 26 Apache OpenOffice, 114 Apple, 58, 182, 183, 185 apps, advertising on, 23 AR See augmented reality Arab Spring, 119–121 Arizona, 188 artificial intelligence, 155–156, 159–160, 192–193 artists, computers replacing, 163–164 arts, 129, 158–160, 162–164, 203 Assange, Julian, 121–123 augmented reality (AR), 80–81 authoritarian rule, 119–121 Automated Insights, 160 automated storefronts, 202 automation, in music, 158–159 Axl Rose, 12 223 224 B2B commerce See business-to-business commerce B2C commerce See business-to-consumer commerce Bachmann, Michele, 30 Balkanization, of ideas, 87, 93–94 bandwidth crisis, 5–6 banks See financial services Barnes & Noble, 101, 102 baseball, 51, 167 baseline metrics, 146–147 BBC See British Broadcasting Corporation beheadings, 27, 85 Berners-Lee, Tim, 130 Beshara, Hana, 12–13 “Better Than Human: Why Robots Will— And Must—Take Our Jobs” (Kelly), 157–158 Bezos, Jeff, 17, 109 Big Data, 196 big-data bug See data bug Big Music See music industry Bing, 88 binge-drinking, 66 Blackwell, Kenneth, 92–93 Blogging.org, 26 BlogHer, 26 blogs, 26–27 Bluebird, 15 bonobos, 162 books, 100–101, 196, 200 bookseller, 103–104 bookstores, 97–98, 101–104 Borders, 102 Bosch, Hieronymus, 156 Boston, Massachusetts, 71 Boston Dynamics, 156 bot, 89 Botticelli, Sandro, 182 Bouley, 142 Bowery Ballroom, 15 Brady, Matthew, 168 Brandeis, Louis D., 176 Brentano’s, 101 Brinkley, David, 86 British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), 18 broadcast, 86 INDEX Brokaw, Tom, 86 Brooklyn, New York, 16, 134–136 bubbles, 144–146, 197 Buckingham, Lindsey, 159 Buckley, William F., 86 bundling board, 176 Burn Rate (Wolff), 88 burn rates, 99–100, 145 Bush, George H W., 178 Bush, George W., 183 Bushwick, Brooklyn, 134–136 business2community.com, 75 businesses, 146–147; data and, 31; graduates complained about by, 65; privacy and, 181–184 See also digital enterprises, hires looked for by businessmen, technology developed by, 189–190 business rule, 143 business-to-business (B2B) commerce, 111–117 business-to-business software vendors, 46–47 business-to-consumer (B2C) commerce, 111 Buzzfeed, 26 Byrne, David, 72 Cairo, Egypt, 119–121 California, 134 Captured Tracks, 16 carbon footprint, 132 Carroll, Lewis, 14 cars, 203 Carter, Jamie, 159–160 case law, 151 cats, 162 CDs See compact discs change, 193–194, 197–198 charisma, 55–56 chastity plank, 176 Chernobyl disaster, 192 children, 170–171 chimps, 162 China, goods ordered from, 45 Christensen, Clay, 2–3 Cisco, 131 cities: AR influencing, 80–81; attractions of, 71; comeback of, 69–71; cost of, I N DE X 71–72; desirability of, 71–73; digital as escape route from, 76–77; digital culture thrived on by, 77–80; digital gutting, 79–80; modernism of, 76–77; overview of, 69–71; as remade, 72; serendipity of, 73 citizen journalist, 26 Civil War See American Civil War Class Central, 65 classified information, 93 clean energy, 132, 203 Cleveland, Ohio, 69 cloud, 131, 181–182 Club Helsinki, 15 code, 92, 201–202 COINTELPRO, 125–126, 178, 221n16 Coker, Mark, 160 Coliseum Books, 101 Columbus, Ohio, 86 Comcast, 5, 18 commercial data collection, government data collection vs., 184–185 commoditization, of specialization, 155–156 common sense, 184 communities, 56–57, 131, 145 compact discs (CDs), 10 computers: art replaced by, 163–164; content deciphered by, 168–169 concerts, 15 consensus-building, 94 construction, 203 consumerism, 107 content, 74–75, 168–169; engineering, 65–66; optimization, 66 conversions, 34 corruption, music industry as sink of, 11–12 cost, efficiency driven by, 47 “Could Robots Be the Writers of the Future?” (Carter), 159–160 crash of 2008 See mortgage fraud Creative Cloud, 73–74 creative destruction, 2–3, 134, 154 The Creative Destruction of Medicine (Topol), 154 creatives: battle of, 73–75; conversions driven by, 34; data vs., 31–33; money earned by, 74–75 225 credit default swaps, 142 Cronkite, Walter, 86 Cuban Missile Crisis, 192 cult, of urbanism, 71–73 culture, as dying, 10–11 customer, newsprint guessing, 20–22 customer base, 99–100, 113 cyberbullying, 53, 175 Dark Ages, 128 data, 89–91; accuracy, 37; businesses and, 31; creative vs., 31–33; extrapolation of, 33–34; marketers controlling, 35; marketing as driven by, 31; onslaught of, 37 data analysis, 30, 31–32 data blockers, 35–36 data bug, 31 data collection, 3–4, 184; commercial, 184–185; economy, 185–186; government, 184–185; of marketers, 185–186; value of, 29 See also National Security Agency; Snowden, Edward data-driven business model, 39 data-driven decisions, 195–196 deadmau5, 10 “Death of a Small Town Newspaper” (Marcisz), 19 debt See student debt decision-making, 195–196 democracy, 26 democratic process, 83–85 democratization, 27–28, 87 Denver, Colorado, 15 Department of Education, 161 desktop publishing, 165–166 Detroit, Michigan, 69 development: of software, 113; of technologies, 189–190 Diebold company, 92–93 digital: advantages of, 188–189, 195–196; advertising moving to, 22–23; as cities’ escape route, 76–77; cities gutted by, 79–80; cities thriving on culture of, 77–80; creating, 200–201; cutting down on, 199–200, 203–204; democracy, 26; destruction, 197; digital destroying, 29–39; effects of, 41, 199; as force, 226 190–191; as future, 190, 194–198, 199–204; generation, 199; GMs focusing on, 129–132; impact assessment, 3–4; manipulation of, 75–76; overview of, 1–7; ownership of, 200–201; praise of, 192; resistance to, 187–188; retailers investing in, 108; as tool, 94; triumph of, 79–80 digital advertising, 33 digital analytics, 4, 174; budgets for, 31–32; as destructive, 37; disenchantment with, 37–39; as failing, 34–38; marketers and, 38–39; nonconversion in, 34; overview of, 29; vendors disrupting, 36 See also measurement digital brain, 141, 192 digital commerce brands, 104–105 digital content creation, 65–66 digital Darwinism, 164 digital enterprises, hires looked for by, 65–66 digital failure, 5–6 digital illustrator, 162–163 digitally aware citizens, 197 digitrons, 42, 45, 156 Dimon, Jamie, 139 direct advertising, 22 directories, 88, 89 dissent, 178 doctors, 152–155 documentarists, 75 dotcom bubble, 145, 146 Dow Jones Industrial Average, 143 downloading See illegal downloading downloads, music industry atomized by, 15–16 Dropbox, 182 Dylan, Bob, 174 e5o See eBusiness Step Optimization eBay, 189 e-book, 97, 101 eBusiness Step Optimization (e5o), 38–39 echo chamber, 84–85 e-commerce, 77, 79–80, 201 economic efficiency, 193–194 Economist Group, 20 INDEX education, 61, 62, 63 See also higher education; teachers efficiency, 46–48 eggs, 131 Egypt, 119–121 Eisenberg, Bryan, 34 elephants, 162 e-mail lists, 86–87, 188 engineers, 136–137, 189–190 entrapment, spying and, 179–180 entrepreneurs, 2–4, 47, 137 Etsy, 46 EU See European Union Europe, 108 European Union (EU), 115 excitement, news providing, 27–28 experiences, 56 extremist, 85 ExxonMobil, 46 E-ZPass, 149 Facebook, 46, 51, 58–60, 114–115, 145, 175, 194, 201 factionalism, 94 factory, 42, 135 Fairpoint Communications, famines, 195–196 Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 125–126, 178, 180 Ferdinand, Franz, 87 Ferguson, Missouri, 27 fiber-optic cables, filmmakers, 75 Filo, David, 88–89 financial markets, bubbles endangering, 144–146 financial services, 139–144 financial wizards, 142–143 Fitbit, 175 Flaming Lips, 10 Florida, 93 footprint, 113–114 Forrester Research, 54, 108 Fourth Amendment See United States Constitution Fox News, 84 freemium model, 111–117 Free Ride (Levine), 10 Freud, Sigmund, 129 I N DE X friction, 45–47, 66 frictionless encounter, 80, 104 Fukushima disaster, 192 future, digital as, 190, 194–198, 199–204 Future Shock (Toffler), 189 futurism, 189–191 G+, 175 Gartner, 31 Gates, Bill, 3, 131 Gawker, 26 gene sequencing, 154 Glass, Jennifer, 55 Gmail, 175 GMs See Great Minds Golden Age of Greece, 128 golden record, 169 Goodman, Richard, 134–135 goods, from China, 45 Google, 20–23, 57–58, 75, 87–88, 89–90, 114, 115, 136, 156, 175 Google Fiber, Google Glass, 80–81 Gore, Al, 93 Gotham Book Mart, 102 government, 124, 132, 174, 184 government data collection, commercial data collection vs., 184–185 government shutdown, 83 graduates, businesses complaining about, 65 Grateful Dead, 15 Great Minds (GMs), 127–132 Greece, 128 green faerie, 78, 211n15 Greenpoint, Brooklyn, 16 A Guide to NYC’s Silicon Alley, 88 Guns N’ Roses, 12 Hachette, 100 Hawking, Stephen, 193 hearing, 13–14 heliography, 166 higher education: advantages, 64; contrarians, 62; friction associated with, 66; gold rush of, 64–66; online courses, 64–65, 194–195; overview of, 61; paradigm of, 67–68; transformational, 62; value delivered by institutions of, 227 66 See also student debt high-speed rail, 134 hip-hop, 12 hires, digital enterprises looking for, 65–66 history, 168–170, 187–192 Hobbes, Thomas, 164 Hollywood, 15 hot dog theft (example), 13 Hubspot, 26 Huffington Post, 26 human activity, software preserving value of, 48–49 human interaction, 51–52 hybrid digital commerce companies, 105 IBM, 155–156, 216n8 i-cio.com, 31 ideas, Balkanization of, 87, 93–94 illegal downloading, 10, 11, 12–14 illegal listening, 13–14 illustrations, 168–169 impact assessment, 3–4 in-app advertising, 23 India, 41, 44 indie labels, 14–15 Industrial Revolution, 193 infamy, 175–176 information, 194, 195–196 information bubble, 86–87 information-technology industry, informed isolation, 87–88 Innovator’s Dilemma (Christensen), 2–3 Instagram, 46 instant virtuality, 73–74 interaction, 54, 55, 56–59 International Herald Tribune, 18 Internet of things, 131 Internet startups, 99–100 inventory, downloading reducing, 13–14 investments, robot managing, 195 investors, 112–113, 137, 145–146 iPhone, 171, 185 Iraq See WikiLeaks Islamic State (ISIS), 27, 85 isolation, 87–88, 91–93 Italy, 174 iTunes, 10, 183 Jagger, Mick, 11 228 JCPenney, 104 jihadists, 180 jobs: as digitized, 202–204; loss, 46; software as, 41–47; technology influencing, 45–46, 149–150 See also service jobs Jobs, Steve, 3, 62 Jones, Graham, 75 journalism, 75 journalists, 27 See also citizen journalist JPMorgan Chase, 139 Justice Department, 139–140 Kaffe 1665, 78 Kansas City, Kansas, Kelly, Kevin, 157–158 Kennedy, John F., 86 Kerry, John, 93 keyword, 89 Khan Academy, 64–65 kill switches, 143 Kodak, 46 Kushman, Aaron, 17–18 labor, in software, 48–49 landscaping, 203 Lanier, Jaron, 46 latrine, 174 law library, 151 lawsuit, 11 lawyers, 150–152, 188 Led Zeppelin, 159 legal services market, price pressure in, 152 Legal Zoom, 152 Lehman Brothers, 142 leisure time, 54–55 LePore, Jill, 176 Levine, Robert, 10 Library of Alexandria, 79, 211n19 Library of Congress, 169 life, as video game, 81 lifetime memberships, 135 Lincoln Building, 151 LinkedIn, 56 listeners, music owned by, 11 listening, 13–14 lofty pursuits, 196 log cabins, 173 INDEX long-form articles, 22 looms, 41–42 Los Angeles, California, 71, 134 Louvre, 188 machine, 46–47 Machine Age, 5, 193 Mad Men, 33 makers See 3rd Ward malls, 108–109 man, natural state of, 164 Manassas News & Register, 19 Mangu-Ward, Katherine, 161 Manhattan, New York, 165, 184 manipulation, 75–76, 167 Mansfield, Ohio, 77 MapQuest, 188 Marcisz, Christopher, 19 marketers, 35, 38–39, 130–131, 185–186 See also advertisers, newsprint influencing market hegemony, 99–100 marketing, 31, 35, 195 market plunge, 143–144 market research, 20 market share, 111, 113 Marx, Groucho, 93 Mashable, 108 Massive Online Organized Courseware (MOOC), 65 McDonalds, 42 McNamee, Roger, 137 measurement, 32–37 media, 87, 169–170 medicine, 152–155 merchandising, 10, 106 Merritt, Rick, 154 micro-fans, 16 Microsoft, 71, 115 Microsoft Office, 114 Microsoft Research, 12 middle class, 155–156 Mid-Hudson Cablevision, 5–6 military, 124 military-style robots, 156–157 millennials, 176–177, 202 mills, 23, 41–42 mobile medicine, 154 modernism, 76–77 I N DE X mom-and-pop outfit, 102–104 Montefeltro, Federico da, 174 MOOC See Massive Online Organized Courseware Moon, Harvey, 163 Morrison, Jim, mortgage derivatives, 141–142 mortgage fraud, 139–143, 147 motion pictures, 167 Mubarak, Hosni, 120–121 music, 9–10, 11, 14–16, 129, 158–159, 203 See also illegal downloading; iTunes Music Business Research, 10 music industry, 9, 11–14, 15–16 Music Industry Blog, 10 music theft See illegal downloading Musk, Elon, 134 Muslim extremist, 85 Narrative Science, 159–160 National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), 169 National Digital Stewardship Alliance, 169 National Football League (NFL), 51 National Security Agency (NSA), 4, 89–90, 123–125, 126, 177–178, 179, 181, 182, 183–184, 186 Nest, 175 Netflix, 73, 189 networking, 94 news, 159–160; audience for, 26; democratization of, 27–28, 87; future of, 27–28; overview of, 85–87 newspapers, 23–27, 86 newsprint, 86; ad revenue lost by, 20; advertisers influenced by, 20, 21–22; as big, 25; customer guessed by, 20–22; legitimacy of, 24–25; market research used by, 20; overview of, 17–20 news source, 25 Newsweek, 19 New York City, 15, 69–71, 72, 78, 91–92, 101, 134–136, 142, 161, 165, 184 New York Times, 18, 23–24 NFL See National Football League Nielsen company, 33–34 Niépce, Joseph Nicéphore, 166 NinjaVideo, 12–13 229 non-conversion, 34 non-ownership, 182–183 non-privacy, 182–183 Northeast Corridor, 132–133 Novo, Jim, 34 NSA See National Security Agency nuclear energy, 191–192 nuclear missiles, 144 numbers guys, 130–131 NYTimes International, 18 Obama, Barack, 30, 83, 94, 124 Obamacare See Affordable Care Act office drones, 49 Ohio, 30, 77, 92–93 Ohio History Central, 77 OLIVER project See On Line Interactive project online bookselling, 97–98 online courses, 64–65, 194–195 On Line Interactive (OLIVER) project, 189–190 online retailer See Sears open source, 114–116 Oracle, 31 original sources, 84 outsourcing, 41–45, 56–59 “Ozymandias” (Shelley), 170 painting, 162, 200 panic selling, 143–144 passcodes, 144 past-adaptation argument, 193–197 Paul, Rand, 124 Paul, Ron, 30 peonage, 63–64 people, 45–47, 93–94 Perlow, Jason, 108–109 Perry, Rick, 30 personalization tools, 105 personalized search results, 87–88, 89–91 Pew Research Center, 25 Philadelphia Convention, 174 philosophy, 128 phone service, 59 photography, 166–167 photo retouching, 167 physical presence, 55–60 Pinterest, 145 230 piracy See illegal downloading police militarization, 27 police state, 180, 185 politicians, 202 politics, 132, 195 pollsters, 30 Portland, Oregon, 71 Postscript, 165–166 pre-revenue, 117, 145 Presley, Elvis, 11 price pressure, 152, 153–154 print, 165–166 printed directories, 88 print journalism See newsprint print media, vs Google, 20–23 privacy: businesses and, 181–184; lack of, 177; legal basis for, 174; millennials caring about, 176–177; need for, 173–174, 176–177; overview of, 173; technologies influencing, 176 private carriers, rules of, 59–60 products, 140 professionals, robots replacing, 155–156, 157–158 See also teachers professional services, vendors selling, 115–116 professions See arts; doctors; lawyers program trading, 140 Project for Excellence in Journalism, 25 psyche, 129 public, 123, 147 Puritans, 176 quants, 30 Quill, 159–160 railroads, 133 Raines, Bonnie, 125–126 Raines, John, 125–126 rape, 66 rapid change, 193–194, 197–198 ratings, 33 rational decisions, 195–196 “reach,” 85 Reagan, Ronald, 126, 178 real life, 76 real-wage erosion, 41 receipt, 92 INDEX Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), 10, 11 record labels, 11 Register-Star, 19 Reiners, Suleika, 140 relationship, 99–100 Renaissance, 128–129 renovation projects, 203 research assistant See search engines restaurants, 78 retail, 97–98, 101, 104–105, 107–108 retailers, 103–104, 108–110, 201 retargeting tools, 105 RIAA See Recording Industry Association of America right wing See echo chamber; Tea Party Rinehart, Rob, 131 Ringo Starr, 158 risk, 137 robotic drawing machines, 163 robots, 42, 155–158, 195 See also artificial intelligence; trading bots Rolling Stones, 15 Rome, 128, 174 Romney, Mitt, 30 Rosen, Jay, 58 Rotman, David, 46 Rove, Karl, 30 rubber room, 161 rules, of private carriers, 59–60 Sacco, Justine, 175 sales, 104 sampling, 158–159 San Francisco, California, 71, 134 scammers, 145 Schapiro, May, 143 Schulman, Rand, 34 Schumpeter, Joseph, 2–3 Search Engine Optimization, 90–91 search engines, 75–76, 87–91 search profile, 90 Sears, 105–107 Sears Tower, 106 Seattle, Washington, 52, 71 security state See National Security Agency; Snowden, Edward self, 52–53, 194 self-measurement, 32 I N DE X sensory inputs, 194, 200 serendipity, 23, 73, 90–91 service jobs, 42 service-level agreement, 182 service representatives, 44–45 Sevareid, Eric, 86 Sex Pistols, 11–12 sexual harassment, 121 sharing, 13–14 Shaywitz, David, 153, 154 Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 170 shops, 100–101, 109 Silicon Valley, 131, 145 Silver, Nate, 30, 37 small-town newspapers, 19–20 small-town virtues, 103 smart-device technology, 175 smartphones, 119, 184–185, 194, 199–200 Smith, Patti, 72 Snapchat, 130–131, 144–145 Snowden, Edward, 93, 123–125, 126, 177–178 social media, 60, 85 See also Facebook societal upheavals, 164 Society for Human Resource Management, 54 software, 41–47, 48–49, 130, 182–183; development of, 113 See also cloud; freemium model solar power, 203 Soylent, 131 specialization, commoditization of, 155–156 Spector, Phil, 158 splinter group, 87 sports, 51–52 Spotify, 10 Springsteen, Bruce, 15 spying, 177–180, 185–186 See also National Security Agency; Snowden, Edward Square, 147 stadiums, 15 Stage32, 73–74 Statistica, 46 Stefani, Gwen, 9–10 Steichen, Edward, 166 storage media, 181, 182 The Strand, 101–102 231 stub quotes, 143 student, online course options of, 65 student debt, 63–64 Sunday paper, 23–27 sunk cost, 113 Swift, Taylor, 9–10 synthetic meat, 131 SyQuest disks, 168 tablets, 170–171 tag management tool, 114 Tahrir Square, 119–121 talk shows, 86 tastes, 195 teachers, 160–162 Tea Party, 83–84 technocrats, 197 techno-libertarians, 161 technologies, 131–132; development of, 189–190; jobs influenced by, 45–46, 149–150; privacy influenced by, 176 technology bubble, 144–146, 197 telecommuting, 53–55 telephony See phone service television news, 86 terror, war on, 183–184 test preparation, 63 textile manufacturer, 41–42 Time, 19 Time Warner, 18 Toffler, Alvin, 189–190 toilets, 174 toll booths, 149–150 Topol, Eric, 154 toys, 170–171 traders, 141, 143 trading bots, 143–144 train service See railroads transportation, 132–133 Tribeca, New York, 78, 142 Troubadour, 15 true measurement, 32–37 tweeting, 24 Twitter, 27, 56, 119–121, 145, 175 U.S News and World Report, 19 undigital, 81 unemployment, 41 Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com 232 INDEX United States (US), 41–42, 43–44, 108; government in, 124, 132, 174; nuclear missiles in, 144; overview of, 83–85 United States Constitution, 174 urban dweller, 79–80 urbanism, cult of, 71–73 USC Annenberg Center for the Digital Future, 176 value, 145; of education, 61; of education industry, 63; higher education institutions delivering, 66 vendors, 36, 37, 112–113, 115–116 victimization, 189–190 Vidal, Gore, 86 video game, life as, 81 Vietnam, 86, 125–126 virality, of classified information, 93 viral marketing, 116 virtual voting, isolation and, 91–93 voter micro-targeting, 94 voting machines, 91–92 Voyager, 169 walking, 200 wallet share, 108–110 Wall Street, 140–141 See also financial services; mortgage fraud Wall Street Journal, 18 war on terror, 183–184 Washington Post, 17, 27 “Watson,” 155–156, 216n8 weapons of mass destruction, 144 Weberman, A J., 174 websites, 88, 169, 201 wholesaler, 45 WikiLeaks, 93, 121–123 Willis Tower, 106 wind farms, 203 Wohlsen, Marcus, 145 Wolff, Michael, 88 Womrath’s, 101 Wonkette, 26 Wordpress, 26, 201 work, 53–55 workflows, 73–74 writers, 74, 159–160 Wurtzel, Alan, 33 Yahoo!, 88–89 Yang, Jerry, 88–89 YouTube, 27, 75, 85 Zapruder, Abraham, 166 Zuckerberg, Mark See Facebook www.Ebook777.com ... Time: Digital Is Destroying Urban Life in America 69 Oversharing and Undercounting: Digital Is Destroying Rational Discourse and the Democratic Process 83 10 Books, Bath, and Beyond: Digital Is Destroying. .. How Digital Drove Big Music Off the Rails The Bezos Bauble: Digital Is Destroying the Newspaper Industry 17 The Business Case, or, When Digital Destroys Digital 29 Undigital, Unemployed: Digital. .. Undigital, Unemployed: Digital Is Destroying the Job Market 41 The Lonely Screen: Digital Is Destroying Human Interaction 51 A Golden Ring, Just Out of Reach: Digital Is Destroying Higher Education