Chapter Database Processing “No, Drew, You Don’t Know Anything About Creating Queries." • Sales database used to determine which parts to consider for 3D printing • If Addison and Drew depend on Lucas (or IT dept) to produce reports, they will (a) wait a long time, and (b) probably not get what they want • Once they get data, Addison creates queries and reports • Relying on own skills gives more freedom and better results • Relational database technology not appropriate for 3D parts files or graphics used for query-by-graphics MongoDB a better choice Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 5-2 Study Questions Q1: What is the purpose of a database? Q2: What is a database? Q3: What is a database management system? Q4: How database applications make databases more useful? Q5: How are data models used for database development? Q6: How is a data model transformed into a database design? Q7: What is the users’ role in the development of databases? Q8: 2025? Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 5-3 Q1: What Is the Purpose of a Database? • Organize and keep track of things • Keep track of multiple themes • General rule:  Single theme - store in a spreadsheet  Multiple themes - use a database • What's a theme? – Ex: Student Grades Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 5-4 A List of Student Grades Presented in a Spreadsheet – Single Theme Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 5-5 Student Data Form from a Database Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 5-6 Q2: What Is a Database? Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 5-7 Hierarchy of Data Elements Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 5-8 Components of a Database Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 5-9 Example of Relationships Among Rows Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 5-10 Q7: What Is the Users’ Role in the Development of Databases? • Users are the final judges • Users review of data model is crucial – Ensure it accurately reflects users’ view of the business – Entities must contain all of the data you and your employees need to your jobs, and relationships must accurately reflect your view of the business  Mistakes will come back to haunt them Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 5-45 Q8: 2025? • Volume of database data continues to grow, probably exponentially • Cheap, unlimited storage space and greater processing speeds in relational databases • Relational model not needed, not natural fit with business documents • Store new types of data stored as images, audios, and videos Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 5-46 Q8: 2025? (cont'd) • More reliance on open source community • Many NoSQL databases • New opportunities and career paths develop around NoSQL databases Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 5-47 Q8: 2025? (cont'd) NoSQL DBMS (Not Relational DBMS) – Supports very high transaction rates – Relatively simple data structures – Replicated on many servers in the cloud • Examples – Dynamo (Amazon) – Bigtable (Google) – Cassandra (Facebook) Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 5-48 Q8: 2025? (cont'd) • Will NoSQL Replace Relational DBMS Products? – Conversion very expensive and disruptive – Very technical, limited to those with a deep background in computer science – Requires years of training to use – Organization choose NoSQL products for specialized applications Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 5-49 Security Guide: Theft by SQL Injection • One common way of stealing data from corporations • Done by people outside of host nation to avoid prosecution • Many of these groups are highly organized and well-funded – Criminal syndicates, nation states, or political hacktivists – Mandiant report “APT1: Exposing One of China’s Cyber Espionage Units” • Attempting SQL injection on a Web site could result in your arrest Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 5-50 Security Guide: Theft by SQL Injection (cont'd) Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 5-51 Guide: Immanuel Kant, Data Modeler • Perception of reality based on our perceptive apparatus • Brain processes perceptions into something meaningful • Human’s model what appears to be • Users determine if a data model fits their perception of reality Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 5-52 Active Review Q1: What is the purpose of a database? Q2: What is a database? Q3: What is a database management system? Q4: How database applications make databases more useful? Q5: How are data models used for database development? Q6: How is a data model transformed into a database design? Q7: What is the users’ role in the development of databases? Q8: 2025? Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 5-53 Case Study 5: Searching for Pianos • Certified piano tuner and technician repairing and restoring pianos for many years • Clown entertainer at children’s parties Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 5-54 Pianos in Storage Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 5-55 Columns in the Piano Table Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 5-56 Query Design and Result Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 5-57 Piano Sound Quality by Building Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 5-58 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 5-59 ... Database • Set up security system involving user accounts, passwords, permissions, and limits for processing • Limit user permissions in very specific ways • Backing up database data, adding structures... Processing the Database • Structured Query Language - SQL (see-quell) – International standard – Used by most popular DBMS INSERT INTO Student ([Student Number], [Student Name], HW1, HW2, MidTerm) VALUES... • Relational database technology not appropriate for 3D parts files or graphics used for query -by- graphics MongoDB a better choice Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 5-2 Study Questions