CIS 210 Systems Analysis and Development Week Part II The Origins of Software Objectives • Upon completion of part II you will be able to: – Understand and be able to explain the concepts related to the origins of software Overview • Sources of Software – – – – – – – Outsourcing Hardware manufacturers Packaged software providers Custom software providers Vendors of enterprise-wide solution software Application service providers The organization itself Outsourcing • Defining Outsourcing – Spectrum of working arrangements – Another firm running your applications • Your computers • Their computer – Growing segment of information systems industry • Reasons to Outsource – – – – – – Cost effective Free-up internal resources Increase revenue potential Reduce time to marker Process efficiencies Outsource non-core activities • Your Role as an Analyst – Consult organizations – Know your requirements Sources of Software • Hardware Manufacturers – Among largest producers of software – IBM • Web servers • Application servers – Compaq – Hewlett Sources of Software • Packaged Software Providers – – – – Phenomenal growth Microsoft Off-the-shelf systems Turnkey systems Sources of Software • Custom Software Providers – EDS – Accenture – Used when company lacks expertise to build custom system Sources of Software • Vendors of Enterprise-Wide Solution Software, – Complete solutions – Integrated modules – Benefits • Single repository • Flexibility – Disadvantages • Complexity • Costs Sources of Software • Application Service Providers – Rent or license from third party – Access through Internet – Advantages • Less staff • Save on costs • Access to complex systems – Disadvantages • Less control Sources of Software • In-House Development – Progressively smaller piece of all systems – Smaller portion of time and effort – Hybrid solutions • Some in-house • Some purchases Choosing Off-the-Shelf Software • Criteria for Choosing Software – – – – – – – – Cost Functionality Vendor support Viability of the vendor Flexibility Documentation Response time Ease of installation Reuse • Defining Reuse – Using previously written software – Generic bits and pieces • Object-Oriented Reuse • Component-Based Reuses • Types of Reuse – – – – Ad-hoc Facilitated Managed Designed Summary • • • • • • • • • Outsourcing Hardware Manufacturers Packaged Software Custom Software Enterprise Solutions software Application Service Providers In-house Development Choosing Off-the-Shelf Software Reuse ... • Access to complex systems – Disadvantages • Less control Sources of Software • In-House Development – Progressively smaller piece of all systems – Smaller portion of time and effort – Hybrid... portion of time and effort – Hybrid solutions • Some in-house • Some purchases Choosing Off-the-Shelf Software • Criteria for Choosing Software – – – – – – – – Cost Functionality Vendor support Viability...Objectives • Upon completion of part II you will be able to: – Understand and be able to explain the concepts related to the origins of software Overview • Sources of Software