PowerPoint Presentation to Accompany Chapter 11 Databases Objectives Identify the Parts of a Database Compare the Four Types of Databases Explain Database Management Systems Discuss Important Types of Information Systems List Examples of Databases Used in Law Enforcement and Research Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc Identify the Parts of a Database Objective Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc Database Basics Tables, Fields, and Records  Database Collection of information Organized in a useful way Database records are organized into tables Objective Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc Database Basics Tables, Fields, and Records  Table Database object Data arranged in rows and columns  Field Single piece of information in a record Primary key a special field that uniquely identifies a record  Record Row of data Describes a particular entry Objective Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc Database Basics Forms, Queries, and Reports  Form Enter data and display information Easy-to-read layout  Query Retrieves specific data from one or more tables  Report Displays the data from a table or a query Easy-to-read-and-print format Objective Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc Compare the Four Types of Databases Objective Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc A Database for Every Purpose Flat Databases  Simplest type  Consists of a single list of items  Can be a list or a table in a document or spreadsheet  Examples: Shopping list To-do list Objective Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc A Database for Every Purpose Relational Databases  Most common type  Multiple tables or relations  Related by common information  Reduces data redundancy Objective Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc A Database for Every Purpose Relational Databases  Types of relationships: One-to-many – a single record in one table links to multiple records in another table One-to-one – a single record in one table links to a single record in another table Many-to-many – Multiple records in one table can link to multiple records in another table Objective Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc 10 The Tools of the Trade Output Objective Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc 19 Discuss Important Types of Information Systems Objective Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc 20 Data In … Information Out Office Support Systems (OSS)  Also called office automation systems  Software and hardware that improves productivity of employees  Automates common tasks  Microsoft Office Objective Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc 21 Data In … Information Out Transaction Processing (TPS)  Links multiple operations that make up a transaction  Ensures all operations in transaction are completed without error  Must pass the ACID test Atomicity Consistency Isolation Durability  Example: paying tuition bill Objective Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc 22 Data In … Information Out Management Information Systems (MIS)  Includes: Software Hardware Data resources Decision support systems People Project management applications  Generates reports  Creates “What-if” simulations  Example: HR manager could use an MIS for hiring and recruiting Objective Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc 23 Data In … Information Out Decision Support Systems (DSS)  Helps make decisions when there is uncertainty about outcomes  Example: local business wanting to expand Objective Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc 24 Data In … Information Out Business Intelligence (BI) and Big Data  People, hardware, and software that support dataintensive applications  Data mining  Data warehousing  OLAP  DSSs  Big data Simply means the collection of large amounts of data from multiple sources Objective Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc 25 Data In … Information Out Expert Systems and Artificial Intelligence  Artificial intelligence Branch of science concerned with making computers behave like humans  Expert system Programmed to make decisions in real-life situations • Knowledge base: expert knowledge • Inference engine: set of rules Example • Chess program Deep Blue • Diagnosing diseases Objective Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc 26 List Examples of Databases Used in Law Enforcement and Research Objective Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc 27 Real-World Databases Law Enforcement  Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) Contains DNA profiles Five indices: Forensic, Arrestee, Detainee, Offender, and Missing Persons Objective Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc 28 Real-World Databases Law Enforcement  Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System (IAFIS) Largest criminal and civil biometric database Maintained by FBI Used by local and federal law enforcement Fingerprints, mug shots, criminal histories, physical characteristics Objective Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc 29 Real-World Databases Science  Human Genome Project (HGP) U.S Department of Energy National Institutes of Health Ran from 1990 to 2003 Data is used for: • • • • • New technologies Agriculture Energy production Environmental science Medical research Objective Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc 30 Real-World Databases Science  Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Combine layers of geographical reference information about the Earth’s surface Eight primary layers: • Aerial photographs • Elevation • Geographic names • Hydrography • Boundaries • Transportation • Structures • Land cover Objective Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc 31 Questions Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc 32 All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher Printed in the United States of America Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc 33 ... as objects  Used by modern programming languages C++ Java  Used for more complicated types of data Images Video Audio Objective Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc 11 A Database for... Identification System (IAFIS) Largest criminal and civil biometric database Maintained by FBI Used by local and federal law enforcement Fingerprints, mug shots, criminal histories, physical... Every Purpose Relational Databases  Most common type  Multiple tables or relations  Related by common information  Reduces data redundancy Objective Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc