PowerPoint Presentation to Accompany Chapter What Is a Computer? Objectives Explain the Functions of a Computer Describe the Evolution of Computer Hardware Describe How Computers Represent Data Using Binary Code List the Various Types and Characteristics of Personal Computers Give Examples of Other Personal Computing Devices List the Various Types and Characteristics of Multiuser Computers Explain Ubiquitous Computing and Convergence Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc Explain the Functions of a Computer Computers are programmable machines that convert raw data into useful information Objective Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc The Information Processing Cycle Input • Raw data, such as content entered in a form, is input Proces s • Raw data, when processed or manipulated, produces information Storag e Outpu t Objective • Information is stored for later retrieval • Processed raw data – now information – is returned to the user Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc Describe the Evolution of Computer Hardware Objective Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc First-Generation Computers  Used vacuum tubes Resembled incandescent light bulbs Emitted a lot of heat Unreliable  Massive in size  Used manual switches to process data Objective Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc First-Generation Computers Objective Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc Second-Generation Computers  Transistors replaced vacuum tubes in 1947 Revolutionized the electronics industry  More powerful  Smaller  More reliable  Reprogrammed in less time Objective Transistor s Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc Third-Generation Computers  Integrated circuits Developed in the 1960s Contained many tiny transistors on semiconducting material (silicon)  Faster, smaller, and more reliable Objective Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc Fourth-Generation Computers  Microprocessor Emerged in 1970s Complex integrated circuit that contains the central processing unit (CPU), the brain of a computer First microprocessor was as powerful as the ENIAC Objective Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc 10 Give Examples of Other Personal Computing Devices Objective Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc 22 Mobile Devices  Smartphones & Tablets Internet access Email access Digital cameras GPS Mapping tools Document editing Mobile apps Objective Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc 23 Wearables & GPS  GPS (global positioning system) Satellite-based navigation system Used for:  Wearables Devices worn on the body Used for: • Location and Navigation • Tracking • Health monitoring • Communication • Military operations • Mapping • Entertainment • Timing • Geocaching Objective Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc 24 Video Game Systems and Simulations  Game consoles: (Microsoft Xbox One, Sony PlayStation 4, Nintendo Wii U) High-end processors High-end graphics capabilities Play movies and music Online game play Browse the Internet Use a game controller Objective Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc 25 Video Game Systems and Simulations  Handheld games: (Nintendo 3DS, Nintendo DSi, PlayStation Portable (PSP) Vita) Portable Listen to music and view photos and movies Chat and access the Internet over 3G or wireless network 3D photo and graphic capability Objective Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc 26 List the Various Types and Characteristics of Multiuser Computers Objective Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc 27 Servers  Servers Provide services such as Internet access and email to a client system  Minicomputers Support fewer than 200 users; users connect via dumb terminals  Midrange computers Replace minicomputers; users connect via personal computers Objective Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc 28 Servers (Cont.)  Mainframes Process millions of transactions a day Found in businesses such as banks and insurance companies  Enterprise servers Allows thousands of users to use the system concurrently  Midrange computers Replace minicomputers; users connect via personal computers Objective Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc 29 Supercomputers  Very expensive  Designed to perform limited number of tasks as quickly as possible  Perform complex mathematical calculations  Weather forecasting  Medical research  Can be a single computer with multiple processors or a group of computers working together Objective Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc 30 Distributed and Grid Computing  Distributed computing Spreading processing tasks across multiple computers  Grid computing Distributed computing uses computers in one location  Volunteer computing Large-scale form of distributed computing Harnesses the power of hundreds or thousands of computers Objective Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc 31 Explain Ubiquitous Computing and Convergence Objective Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc 32 Embedded Computers  Embedded computers Specialized computers  Internet of Things (IoT) Connection of the physical world to the Internet Objective Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc 33 Convergence  Convergence - Integration of technology on multifunction devices Smartphones • • • • • • • • • • Cell phones Personal information management tools Email Web browsing Document editing MP3 players Cameras GPS Games Mobile payment systems Objective Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc 34 Questions Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc 35 All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher Printed in the United States of America Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc 36 ... combinations of states (10 , 01, 11 , 00) Objective Copyright © 2 017 Pearson Education, Inc 13 Binary Code Binary Number System: 1s & 0s  ASCII – uses bits and represents 12 8 characters With bits... 2 017 Pearson Education, Inc 12 Binary Code Binary Number System: 1s & 0s  Binary code has two possible states: on/off, 1/ 0, yes/no  Bit – the smallest unit of digital information bits = byte... Current trend is closer to 18 months Affects processing speeds and storage capacity of modern electronic devices Objective Copyright © 2 017 Pearson Education, Inc 11 Describe How Computers Represent