Chuyen d~ 10 KY NANG TO CHUC HO~T DQNG PHOI HQP HI~U QuA TRONG co QUAN HANH CHINH cAp sa vA TUONG DUONG Ph8i hQ"P di~u hanh cong vi~c a) Ph6i hgp - mQt yeu cAu quan trQng diSu hanh cong vi~c: Ph6i hgp chinh la qua trinh him vi~c cung cua mQt nhom nguai hay cua cac t6 chirc nh~m d~t m\lc dich nao M\lc dich cua vi~c ph6i hgp la: Tang cuang tnich nhi~m, nang l\fc t6 chirc th\fc hi~n va S\f lien kSt gifra cac co quan lien quan Bao dam S\f chi d~o th6ng nhfit til Trung uong dSn dia phuang, gifra cac co quan co lien quan nh~m nang cao chfit lugng va hi~u qua cua ho~t dQng th\fc thi cong Y\l - Phr5i hr;rp - aiJu ld¢n a~ t6 chuc hO(lt ar)ng hi¢u qua M6i t6 chirc va m6i phong ban dSu co chirc nang nhi~m V\l rieng, m6i ca nhan dSu duqc phan cong, phan nhi~m rang nen rfit ck mQt quy chS ph6i hgp ho~t dQng dS t~o diSu ki~n h6 trq th\fc hi~n t6t chirc nang, nhi~m V\l cua minh va vi m\lc tieu phat triSn cua t6 chirco - Phr5i h9'[J - qua trinh lien kit cac hor;zt ar)ng h6 trr;1, hr;rp tac Ian Ph6i hgp quan ly hanh chinh nha nu6'c la qua trinh lien kSt cac ho~t dQng h6 trq, hgp tac hi~n Ifill cua can bQ, cong chirc nh~m t6 chirc th\fc cac nhi~m V\l duqc giao b) Ky nang lam vi~c nhom - ph6i hgp dS cong: - Lam vi¢c nh6m - phuang phap lam vi¢c hi¢u qua a cong SO' Lam vi~c nhom la ky nang khong thS thiSu d6i v6'i mQt nguai hi~n d~i Lam vi~c nhom khong chi duqc ap d\lng vi~c hQC la phuang phap him vi~c hi~u qua atruang rna a cong sa Trong moi truang lam vi~c t~p thS, mQi ca nhan hiSu va tin rkg vi~c tu duy, l~p kS ho~ch, quySt dinh va hanh d9ng se duqc th\fc hi~n t6t han tfit ca cung hgp taco Nguai ta nh~ 258 ra, hi@u va tin rfuIg: "Khong mQt chung ta co th@ gioi bfuIg tAt ca chung ta hqp l~i" D~c bi~t v6'i moi truemg hi~n d~i nay, SlJ phBi hqp cong vi~c khong dan thudn chi la gifra mQt nhom nguai rna phai la gifra cac phong/ban t6 chuc - Nhi1ng anh huimg cua ph6i h9P d6i v&i Sf! philt tri~n cua t6 chuc SlJ phBi hqp khong nhip nhang, hi~u qua, ch~c ch~n se anh hUOng rAt 100 SlJ phat tri@n cua t6 chuc SlJ phBi hqp tBt se lam tang suc m~nh cua t6 chuc, cling giai quy@t nhanh cac vAn dS lien quan gifra cac ben c) Hinh thuc phBi hqp: - Ph6i h9P ben trong: + T6 chuc hQp giao ban; + LaIn vi~c tflJc ti@p v6'i timg don vi, cac ca nhan; + Trao d6i cong vi~c, hQp rut kinh nghi~m dinh k)r; + ThlJc hi~n lam vi~c nhom; + Cac hinh thuc khac - Ph6i h9P ben ngoai: + Trao d6i y ki@n b~ng van ban ho~c cung cAp thong tin b~ng van ban thea yeu cdu cua ca quan chu tri, ca quan phBi hqp; + T6 chuc hQP lien nganh; + T6 chuc hQi nghi sa k@t, t6ng k@t; + Thanh l~p cac doan cong tac lien nganh; + Cac hiflh thuc khac d) Ca ch@ phBi hqp: - Ph6i h9P d9C PhBi hqp dQc la SlJ phBi hqp gifra cac cdp khac nhau, ch~ng h~n nhu gifra Trung uong va dia phuong; gifra cAp tren vm Cdp dum trgc thuQc - Ph6i h9P ngang 259 PhBi hgp ngang la SlJ phBi hgp gifra cac cap ngang OOau, chfuIg h;pl OOu gifra cac so', cac phong v6i OOau; gifra cac dang nghi~p, - Ph6i h9P mgng luai PhBi hgp m;plg lucri la SlJ kSt hgp gfra hai co chS phBi hgp dQc va va phBi hgp ngang d) ~ac nguyen t~c phBi hgp: - Tuan thu quy diOO cua phap - Chu dQng, thuemg xuyen, lu~t; ch~t che, kip thai; - Lanh d~o thBng ooat; - Chia se thong tin; - Chuyen mon hoa; - Hgp tac hoa; - Dam bao tiOO khach quan; - Hai hoa cac 19i ich; - Khong lam anh huang dSn chuc nang, OOi~m V\l va ho~t dQng chuyen mon cua cac co quan co lien quan Quy trinh va ky nang ph8i hVp a) Quy triOO phBi hgp: - Xac diOO cong vi~c can phBi hgp; - Phan tich cong vi~c; - ThiSt l~p cac m\lc tieu; - Phat tri~n cac tiSn dS l~p kS ho~ch; - Phan cong cong vi~c cho cac dan vi, ca OOan tham gia va xac diOO phuang an llJa chQn; - Thoa thu~, diSu chiOO SlJ phan cong cho cac dan vi, ca OOan tham gia va phan bB nguan llJc; - QuySt diOO phuang an llJa chQn; - Giao cho dan vi chu tri, gifr vai tro dfru mBi, ki~m tra tiSn trinh kS ho~ch b) Ky nang phBi hgp 260 - Ky nang th6ng nhdt m1:lc tieu: Cong tac ph6i hgp triBn khai thlJc hi~n cac m\lc tieu d~t ho~t dQng cua so' cAn duQ'c xay dlJllg va thlJc hi~n tren nguyen tftc ho~t dQng chu ySu thea quy chS hun vi~c cua sa M\lc tieu cua quan h~ ph6i hgp la dB tang cUOng trach nhi~m, t~o di~u ki~n thlJc hi~n t6t chirc nang, OOi~m Vl), quy~n h~n cua miOO thea quy diOO cua phap lu~t SlJ ph6i hgp duQ'c th\TC hi~n dlJa tren nguyen tftc biOO d~ng, ton trQng l~n OOau dB cling thlJc hi~n cac m\lc tieu d~t Cac don vi co trach OOi~m ph6i hgp dB cling thlJc hi~n OOfrng m\lc tieu chung cua toan cO' quan So' va m\lc tieu rieng cua timg don vi, ca ooan Cac OOa HiOO d~o phai quan tri~t r~ng hi~u qua cua cong vi~c dlJa tren SlJ OO~t quan cua m\lc tieu Nh~t quan dB huy dQng t6i da ngu6n IlJc Th~t kho co thB ch~p oo~ mQt t8 chirc d~ OOfmg m\lc tieu "OOay coc" thang qua thang nQ, nam qua nam kia, gay hoang mang, xao trQn cong vi~c cua can bQ, cong chirc va nguy hiBm hon la lam cho hQ llii bu6c Tren phuong di~n tam ly hQc, nguffi ta v~ cO' ban duQ'c "l~p triOO" dB bftt chu6c OOfrng hanh vi mang dOO OO~t quan Khi ma cac don vi ph6i hgp khong thB th6ng OO~t duQ'c mQt m\lc tieu hay chuong triOO hanh dQng OOdt quan, thi gia tri lao dQng cua can bQ, cong chirc se giam bai OOfrng n6 IlJc vo fch "kh6i m\lc tieu" r6i ren va khong co phuong huang Co thB noi, mQt m\lc tieu OO~t quan cAn duQ'c xay dlJllg gftn kSt v6i sir m~OO, tAm OOin cua ben tham gia, dlJa vao n~n tang cua cong dB vuon t6i OOfrng cong tren tAm cao m6i, ill co sirc Ian toa m~ me dSn toan thB h~ th6ng, OOu mQt m~OO I~OO thlJc thi YSu t6 l~i cua mQt m\lc tieu thaOO cong chfOO la kS ~o~ch hanh dQng va SlJ h6 trQ' thlJc hi~n m\lc tieu - Ky nang lam vi¢c nhom Nhom khong don gian chi la mQt t~p hgp OOi~u nguai lam vi~c cling OOau ho~c lam vi~c du6i SlJ chi d~o cua mQt OOa quan lYe Nhom la mQt t~p hgp OOfrng ca OOan co cac ky nang b8 sung cho OOau va cling cam kSt chiu trach OOi~m thlJc hi~n mQt m\lc tieu chung Vi thS cac vien OOom cAn co SlJ tuong tac v6i OOau va v6i truang OOom dB d~t duQ'c m\lC tieu chung Cac vien OOom cling phai co SlJ ph\l thuQc vao thong tin cua OOau dB thlJc hi~n phful vi~c cua miOO 261 Dli m6i nguai nhom co th@ co nhiing m\lc tieu rieng khac nhau, song huang t6'i m\lc tieu chung hQ cAn phai xay d\-mg dugc tinh thAn d6ng dQi, tin tUOng va ton trQng Ifill nhau, ngoai chung ta phai t~o mQt moi truang ho~t dQng rna cac vien nhom cam thfiy tlJ tin, thoai mai d@ cling lam vi~c, hgp tac va h6 trg d@ d~t dSn m\lC tieu dii d~t Di8u quan trQng la phai giup cho cac vien nhom tin r~ng SlJ c6ng hiSn cua minh cho t~p th@ dugc danh gia dllng dfuI, chinh xac va nh~n dugc S\-T khen thuOng xUng dang, khong co SlJ nh~p nhfulg gay cinh hUOng dSn quy8n 19i cua m6i nguai Nhiing vien nhom phai dugc xac dinh r~ng qua cua t~p th@ co dugc la tir SlJ dong gop tich C1JC cua m6i nguai MQt nhom nguai lam vi~c cling mQt van phong hay th~m chi mQt dlJ an chung khong phai luc nao cilng tiSn hanh cong vi~c cua mQt nhom lam vi~c NSu nhom dugc quan ly thea ki@u chuyen quy8n dQc doan thi se khong co SlJ tac dQng qua l~i lien quan dSn cong vi~c gifra cac vien nhom NSu co bfit kY tu tUOng be phai nao nhom, ho~t dQng cua nhom se khong bao gia tiSn tri@n duqc Nguqc l~i, mQt nhom lam vi~c vdn co th@ phat tri@n dli cac vien khong cling lam vi~c hay sinh ho~t mQt moi truang, mQt khong gian nhfit dinh Noi mQt cach don gian, nhom lam vi~c thAn hgp tac, biSt ph6i hgp va phat huy cac Uti la nhom t~o dugc mQt tinh di@m cua cac vien nhom d@ cling ~t dSn mQt kSt qua t6t nhfit cho m\lc dich rna nhom d~t Tliy thea nhu cAu, m\lc dich dugc d8 cho nhom va s6 lugng cilng nhu ,nang llJc cua cac vien nhom, cac nhom duqc hinh va phat tri@n thea nhi8u hinh thuc va thai gian ho~t dQng khac Nhung nhin chung thi hAu nhu d8u trcii qua b6n bu6'c cO' ban: Bu6'c T~o dlJllg: Khi dugc mai gQi hay dua vao nhom, cac vien f\lt re va tim kiSm nhiing vi tri cua minh nhom;' chua bQc lQ nhu cAu cilng nhu nang llJc ca nhan MQt di8u khong th@ thiSu la cac thanh· vien se thir kha nang lanh d~o cua truOng nhom Thong thuang hAu nhu khong co nhom nao co duqc SlJ tiSn bQ giai do~n Bu6'c Cong pha: Day co Ie la giai do~ kho nhfit cua m6i nhom Cac vien thuang cam thfiy thiSu kien nhdn v6'i vi~c thiSu SlJ phat tri@n cua 262 cong vi~c, nhung hQ vfrn chua co kinh nghi~m lam vi~c nhu mQt nhom th~t SlJ HQ co thB se tranh cai vS nhUng cong vi~c dugc giao vi phai d6i m~t v6i nhUng diSu tru6c day hQ chua bao gia nghi t6i va khiSn hQ cam thdy khong thoai maio Tdt ca "suc m~nh" cua hQ danh dB chia vao cac vien khac, thay vi t~p trung l~i va huang t6i m\lc tieu chung Bu6c On dinh: Trong su6t giai do~ nay, cac vien nhom quen dAn va diSu hoa nhUng khac bi~t gifra hQ SlJ xung dQt vS tinh cach, y kiSn giam dAn va tinh hgp tac tang len Khi do, hQ co thB t~p trung nhiSu han cho cong vi~c va b~t dAu co SlJ tiSn bQ dang kB hi~u qua cong vi~c Bu6c Hoan thi~n: giai do~n nay, cac vien da hiBu va thich nghi dugc v6i diBm m~nh va ySu cua timg nguai nhom minh va biSt dugc vai tro cua hQ la gi MQi nguai da cai nhiSu rna va tin wang han, rAt y kiSn hay dugc neu thao lu~ vi hQ khong e ng~i nhu luc dAu HQ linh ho~t sir d\lng quySt dinh cua minh nhu mQt cong C\l dB hi~n thlJc hoa nhUng y tuang, Uti tien nhUng nhi~m V\l cAn thiSt va giai quySt nhUng vdn dS khuc m~c Rdt nhiSu vi~c dugc hoan thi~n va SlJ g~n bo gifra cac vien nhom la rAt cao Vi trai qua b6n giai do~n nhu thS, nen ban dAu co ve nhu mQt nhom ho~t dQng l~i khong d~t dugc nhUng hi~u qua nhu mQt ca nhan lam vi~c Vi thS nen nhom lam vi~c la nhUng ca nhan t~p hgp l~i va hinh mQt dan vi ho~t dQng cung nhau, vi v~y mBi vien nhom dSu phai biSt kY nang dB g~n kSt va ap d\lng t6t cac ky nang dB d~t dugc nhUng hi~u qua nhdt kY nang rna mQt nhom cAn phai co la ky nang t6 chilc cac ho~t dQng cho nhom va kY nang giao tiSp gifra cac vien nhom dinh Co hai BAt ky mQt cong vi~c gi, til ca nhan dSn t~p thB dSu cAn phai co SlJ t6 chuc, v~y phai dlJa vao ySu t6 gi dB co thB t6 chuc mQt h~~t dQng dem l~i kSt qua t6t nhdt Ong cha ta coi trQng ba ySu t6 la thien thai, dia 19i va nhan hoa DiSu co nghia la: phai g~p dung thai cO' hay thai diBm thich hgp, phai thlJc hi~n a mQt dia diBm thich hgp, co nhUng ySu t6 thu~ 19i va diSu quan trQng nhdt la d~t dugc SlJ d6ng long, hoa thu~n gifra mQi nguai v6i Con 263 I hi~n thi chung ta co thB dlJa vao nguyen ly 5W + IH dB t6 chuc mQt cong vi~c hay mQt ho~t dQng, mQt kS ho~ch Khi b~t dAu bAt kY mQt vAn dS gi m6i, chung ta phai tra lai dugc cac cau hoi: + KS ho~ch hay chuang trinh dung dB lam gi (What)? + KS ho~ch xuAt phat til dau, adau (Where)? + Khi nao thi b~t dAu tiSn hanh (When)? + Ai se la nguai thlJc hi~n hay phV trach vi~c (Who)? + T~i phai tiSn hanh ho~t dQng (Why)? + Chung ta se thlJc hi~n no nhu thS nao (How)? NSu mQt kS ho~ch hay dlJ an rna khong tra loi dugc cac cau hoi thi chung ta khong nen tiSn hanh vi cO nhiSu kha nang thAt b~i hay chi it cling la nhUng kho khan kho kh~c phvc, co thB dful dSn SlJ mAt doan kSt hay tan nhom Ngoai ky nang t6 chuc, m6i nguai nhom dSu phai nh~ dugc thS m~nh cling nhu diBm ySu cua minh dB co thB dam nh~ hay s~p xSp cac cong vi~c, cac trach nhi~m phu hgp diSu m6i giup cho nhom d~t dugc nhfrng kSt qua tBt nhAt DiSu co ban nhAt la phai t~o dugc SlJ d6ng thu~ hay tiSng noi chung gifra nhfrng nguai nhom dB cung thlJc hi~n dugc cac ho~t dQng chung, thi m6i mQt vien nhom cAn phai co mQt sB cac ky nang sau day ngoai SlJ d6ng thu~ chung vS quan diBm va mvc dich cua nhom: + L~ng nghe: Day 1ft mQt nhfrng ky nang quan trQng nhAt ~ac vien nhom phai biSt l~ng nghe y kiSn cua Ky nang phan anh SlJ ton trQng y kiSn gifra cac vien nhom L~ng nghe khong chi la SlJ tiSp nh~n thong tin til nguai noi rna phai biSt phan tich, nhin nh~n thea huang tich ClJC va phan h6i b~ng thai dQ ton trQng nhfrng y kiSn cua nguai noi dti la y kiSn hoan toan trai ngugc v6i quan diBm cua ban than + ChAt vAn: la ky nang thB hi~n tu phan bi~n tich ClJC, th\TC tS day la mQt ky nang kho rna bAt kY cling cAn phai ren luy~n ChAt vAn b&ng nhfrng cau hoi thong minh dlJa tren nhfrng ly Ie tan d6ng hay phan bi~n ch~t che DiSu doi hoi muc dQ tu cao va tinh thAn xay d\fllg cho nhom 264 Lai Ie chfrt vfrn cful mem mong, Hch SlJ Tuy nhien, dieu quan tr