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NAVAL ARCHITECTURE (SHIP CONSTRUCTION) Ships terms Ships structural parts Various ship configurations Examples: Flush deck ship Three-island ship Long bridge ship Shelter deck ship Ships with raised quarter-deck Superstructure aft Ships dimensions and forms ^ Base line Bending moment Camber Centreline Dead-weight Depth extreme Depth moulded Draught extreme Draught moulded 10 Displacement 11 Entrance 12 Flare 13 Freeboard 14 Freeboard deck 15 Half-length amidship 16 Length overall 17 Length between perpendiculars 18 Rake 19 Rise of floor 20 Run 21 Sheer 22 Tumblehome Stresses in ships structure ^ Static Stresses Stresses due to water pressure Stresses due to weight Bending Hogging Sagging, shear, thermal effects Forces during dry-docking Dynamic Stresses Bending 10 Hogging 11 Sagging 12 Racking 13 Panting 14 Pounding 15 Thu Steel profiles and plates used in shipbuilding ^ Angles Equal Unequal Bulb angles Bulb plates Channel bar I or H beams Tee bar Flat Bar 10 Round bar 11 Half round 12 Tyzack moulding Aluminium used in shipbuilding ^ General uses Aluminium alloys Structural Fire protection ^ International Regulations (IMO) Canadian Regulations and Standards Bulkheads and decks rating Fire zones Penetrations Riveting (Historical reference) ^ Rivet strength (descriptive) Rivet types Rivet Heads Rivet points Riveting and spacing Welding and cutting processes ^ Welding Equipment Procedures Electric arc welding Slag shielded processes Manual electrode Gravity welding Fusarc Submerged arc 10 Stud welding 11 Gas shielded processes 12 Tungsten-Inert Gas (T.I.G.) 13 Metal Inert Gas (M.I.G.) 14 Other welding processes 15 Electro-slag 16 Consumable guide 17 Electro - gas 18 Thermit welding 19 Cutting processes 20 Gas cutting 21 Plasma arc cutting 22 Gouging 23 Lancing 24 Testing welds 25 General 26 Weld faults 27 Non destructive testing 28 Visual 29 Dye penetrant 30 Magnetic particles 31 Radiographic 32 Ulrasonic 33 Weld tests Keels ^ Bar keels Flat plate Duct keel Bilge keels Systems of construction ^ Transverse system Longitudinal system Combined syatem Single bottom construction ^ Transverse framing Longitudinal framing Double bottoms ^ Transverse framing Longitudinal framing Inner bottom plating Margin plates and tank side brackets Precautions against pounding Cofferdams Testing Side structures ^ Frames and framing systems Types of frames Welded Web frames Deep frames Frame spacing Framing in tween decks Numbering of frames Portholes and windows Deck structures ^ Beams Functions Sections used Systems Transverse Longitudinal Deep beams Half beams Hatch end beams 10 Brackets 11 Pillaring 12 Functions 13 Ordinary pillars 14 Massed pillaring 15 Longitudinal bulkheads 16 Construction and fitting 17 Deck girders 18 Functions 19 Fitting 20 Construction 21 Hatch side girders Shell and deck plating ^ General Stresses on plating Shell expansion diagrams Identifying plates Special plates Stealer plate Shoe plate Coffin plate Boss plate 10 Oxter plate 11 Plating systems 12 Joggled plating, straight frames 13 In and out plating, straight frames 14 Clinker plating, joggled frames 15 Flush welded 16 Plating at sheerstrake 17 Openings 18 Connection of deck stringer to sheerstrake 19 Crack arrestors 20 Shift of butts 21 Tween deck at ships side 22 Openings in plating 23 Deck 24 Shell 25 Lloyds classification of plating 26 Width 27 Thickness 28 Sheathing 29 Hatchways 30 Deck openings 31 Height of coamings 32 Coamings 33 Hatch end beams 34 Half beams 35 Longitudinal at coamings 36 Hatches in oil tankers 37 Bulwarks and freeing ports 38 Scuppers and sluices Hatch covers ^ Single pull hatch covers Hinged hatch covers Direct lift hatch covers Sealing and fastening methods Maintenance of mechanical hatch covers Bulkheads ^ Watertight Bulkheads Uses Number and location Height Fitting Plating Stiffeners Corrugated Types Passages for pipes, cables and ventilation 10 Boundary connections 11 Testing 12 Non-watertight bulkheads 13 Watertight doors 14 Vertical type 15 Horizontal 16 Clip and hinge doors Deep tanks ^ Purpose Construction Ordinary deep tanks Deep tanks used as oil fuel bunkers Deep tanks used for carrying oil as a cargo Use of cofferdams Testing Peaks and panting arrangements ^ 4 General Peak tanks Testing Fore peak Construction Panting Arrangements - Forward of the collision bulkhead Arrangements aft of the collision bulkhead After peak Construction 10 Panting arrangements Stems ^ Bar Stem Plate stem Composite stems Bulbous bow Chain lockers and anchoring arrangements ^ General Construction Hawse pipes Spurling pipes Mooring and anchoring arrangements Sterns ^ General Ordinary sterns - counter or elliptical Cruiser Transom Rudder trunks Rudders and sternframes ^ General Rudders Single plate Double plate Balanced Construction of rudders Gudgeons Pintles Ordinary 10 Locking 11 Bearing 12 Couplings 13 Sternframes 14 Single screw 15 Double screw 16 Transom floor 17 A-Brackets 18 Bossing Stern Tubes ^ Water lubricated Oil lubricated Fitting of stern tubes and shafting Light method Laser method Piano wire Checking Strengthening around Stern Tubes Ducted propellers ^ General Fixed Active Engine and boiler rooms ^ General arrangements Engine and boiler seating Shaft tunnels Casings Superstructures and deckhouses ^ Definitions Forecastles Poops Bridges Long and short bridges Plating Bulkhead construction Deckhouses Raised quarterdecks Miscellaneous details ^ Ventilators Air pipes Sounding pipes Overboard discharges Strengthening for navigation in ice ^ Canadian Arctic Pollution Regulations Ice Class notations Ship types requiring special considerations ^ Icebreakers Buoy tenders LPG and LNG VLCC and double hull tankers High speed craft Ro-Ro ferries Classification societies and vessel regulatory authorities ^ General Lloyds, American Bureau of Shipping and other classification societies Transport Canada Marine Safety International Maritime Organisation (IMO) Inspection and Surveys Annual Docking Special Surveys Continuous Surveys 10 Damage and Repairs Shipyard practice ^ Shipyard Layout Drawing office activities Plate preparation and machining Prefabrication and unit construction Launching Dry Docking