Pham Thi Thu Thao THPT Nam Hai Lang Pham Thi Thu Thao THPT Nam Hai Lang CHECKING Combine each pair of following sentences, using “who”, “which” or “that” 1. The man is wearing the red tie. He is my old friend. The man who is wearing the red tie is my old friend. 2. The building was destroyed in the storm. It is being rebuilt. The building which was destroyed in the storm is being rebuilt. 3. He was the last person. He left the room unlocked last night. He was the last person who/that left the room unlocked last night. Pham Thi Thu Thao THPT Nam Hai Lang Pham Thi Thu Thao THPT Nam Hai Lang 1.The man who is wearing the red tie is my old friend. Example: a) Present participle: I. Grammar: Relative clauses replaced by participles or to infinitives 1. Relative clauses replaced by participles: The man wearing the red tie is my old friend. Who is wearing wearing 2. The dog which barks noisily is very intelligent. The dog barking noisily is very intelligent. Which barks barking Formula 1 Noun/Noun phrase + who/which/that + verb (Subject) Noun/Noun phrase + V- ING V-ING Pham Thi Thu Thao THPT Nam Hai Lang 1. Relative clauses replaced by participles: a) Present participle: b) Past participle: V-ING V- ED / V- 3 Example: 1. The building which was destroyed in the storm is being rebuilt. Which was destroyed destroyed 2. The man who was kidnapped last night has been released. The building destroyed in the storm is being rebuilt. The building destroyed in the storm is being rebuilt. Who was kidnapped kidnapped Formula 2 Noun/Noun phrase + who/which/that + to be + V-ed/ V-3 Noun/Noun phrase + V-ed/ V-3 Pham Thi Thu Thao THPT Nam Hai Lang 1. Relative clauses replaced by participles: 2. Relative clauses replaced by to infinitives: a) Active infinitive: To + verb Example: 1. He was the last person who left the room unlocked last night. He was the last person to leave the room unlocked last night. The last .who left the last .to leave 2. This is the only animal which survives in the forest fire. This is the only animal to survive in the forest fire. The only .which survives the only .to survive Formula 3 The first/second/only/biggest . + who/which/that + verb The first/second/only/biggest .+ to + verb Pham Thi Thu Thao THPT Nam Hai Lang 2. Relative clauses replaced by to infinitives: a) Active infinitive: To + verb a) Passive infinitive: To be + V-ed/V-3 Example: 1. This is the second novel which was written by Shakespeare. This is the second novel to be written by Shakespeare. The second .which was written the second .to be written 2. He is the last man who was rescued from being drowned. He is the last man to be rescued from being drowned. The last .who was rescued the last .to be rescued Formula 4 The first/second/only/biggest . + who/which/that + be + V-ed/V-3 The first/second/only/biggest .+ to be + V-ed/V-3 3. The sentence that I have to read is very long. The sentence to be read is very long. That I have to read to be read Pham Thi Thu Thao THPT Nam Hai Lang SUMMARY 1. Relative clauses replaced by participles: Formula 1 Noun/Noun phrase + who/which/that + verb (Subject) Noun/Noun phrase + V- ING Formula 2 Noun/Noun phrase + who/which/that + be + V-ed/ V-3 Noun/Noun phrase + V-ed/ V-3 2. Relative clauses replaced by to infinitives: Formula 3 The first/second/only/biggest . + who/which/that + verb The first/second/only/biggest .+ to + verb Formula 4 The first/second/only/biggest . + who/which/that + be + V-ed/V-3 The first/second/only/biggest .+ to be + V-ed/V-3 Pham Thi Thu Thao THPT Nam Hai Lang II. PRACTICE Task 1: (pair work) Use the formula 1 and formula 2 to rewrite each of following sentences: 1. The boy who is playing football is Ben.  The boy playing football is Ben. 2. They work in the hospital which was sponsored by the government.  They work in the hospital sponsored by the government. 3. Do you see the dog which is waving its tail? Do you see the dog waving its tail?   4. The fence which surrounds our house is made of wood4. The fence which surrounds our house is made of wood The fence surrounding our house is made of wood. 5. Do you know the people who were kidnapped last year? Do you know the people kidnapped last year? Pham Thi Thu Thao THPT Nam Hai Lang 45 376 21