Section 2: Install SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 TRUE/FALSE A primary partition consists of a continuous range of cylinders assigned to a particular file system ANS: T PTS: REF: 152 The /var/ directory contains many of the Linux program files ANS: F PTS: REF: 153 In most YaST installation dialogs, the left panel displays an overview of the installation status and the right panel displays the current installation step ANS: T PTS: REF: 172 By default, YaST selects the time zone to be GMT ANS: F PTS: REF: 175 The FHS tree can stretch over several partitions, but they must all be located on the same computer ANS: F PTS: REF: 218 MULTIPLE CHOICE partitions not require entries in the partition table a Extended c Primary b Logical d Hardware ANS: B PTS: REF: 152 The secondary slave IDE hard disk is typically given the Linux name a /dev/sda c /dev/sdc b /dev/sdb d /dev/sdd ANS: D PTS: REF: 154 RAID level is known as hard disk striping a c b d ANS: A PTS: XFS is a(n) file system a traditional b advanced ANS: C PTS: REF: 158 c journaling d network REF: 160 In Linux, each file is described by an inode of size bytes a 32 c 128 b 64 ANS: C d 256 PTS: REF: 162 What block group component contains a valid bit, which is set to when the file system is mounted and set to by unmount? a Block Bitmap c Group Descriptor b Inode Table d SuperBlock ANS: D PTS: REF: 164 Which command is used to create a symbolic link? a ln -f c ln -b b ln -s d ln -i ANS: B PTS: REF: 167 Which boot menu option is used to boot into a graphical repair utility? a Rescue System c Check Installation Media b Repair Installed System d Firmware Test ANS: B PTS: REF: 170 What base scenario should you select if you are installing SLES11 on physical hardware without XEN? a Physical Machine c Virtual Machine b XEN Machine d XEN Virtualization Host ANS: A PTS: REF: 176 10 saves a dump of the kernel in the event of a system crash a Booting c Default Runlevel b Add-on Products d Kdump ANS: D PTS: REF: 178 11 YaST allows you to select of software based on function a repositories c languages b patterns d summaries ANS: B PTS: REF: 192 12 What is the structure of the default host name suggested by YaST? a yast-xxxx c linux-xxxx b host-xxxx d server-xxxx ANS: C PTS: REF: 196 13 When configuring a network card that was not automatically detected, the Configuration Name field represents a the network device type b the interface’s device number c the type of module of the network card d the name you want to use to refer to the network card ANS: B PTS: REF: 200 14 is used to guarantee a trust relationship among all network services that communicate with each other a Certification Authority c SSL b SSH d TLS ANS: A PTS: REF: 208 15 A filename in Linux can be up to characters long a 63 c 255 b 127 d 511 ANS: C PTS: REF: 218 16 The hierarchical file system tree used in Linux begins at the directory a usr c lib b / d bin ANS: B PTS: REF: 218 17 The length of the path to a file cannot exceed characters, including slashes a 512 c 2048 b 1024 d 4096 ANS: D PTS: REF: 220 18 The directory contains device files representing each hardware component in the system a /bin/ c /lib/ b /dev/ d /etc/ ANS: B PTS: REF: 222 19 Which directory contains system configuration files, and cannot include any executable programs? a /bin/ c /lib/ b /dev/ d /etc/ ANS: D PTS: REF: 223 20 Which directory under the /usr/ directory includes source files of all programs and the kernel? a /usr/X11R6/ c /usr/sbin/ b /usr/bin/ d /usr/src/ ANS: D PTS: REF: 227 21 The directory may be imported from a remote computer a /home/ c /usr/ /opt/ b d /boot/ ANS: D PTS: REF: 231 COMPLETION You can use the to manage logical volumes with names that make sense, instead of physical disk names ANS: Logical Volume Manager Logical Volume Manager (LVM) LVM (Logical Volume Manager) LVM PTS: REF: 156 In RAID, hard disks are connected to a separate RAID controller ANS: hardware PTS: REF: 158 If the hardware clock is set to , the system time is set according to your time zone and is automatically to daylight saving time ANS: Universal Time Coordinated (UTC) UTC (Universal Time Coordinated) Universal Time Coordinated UTC PTS: REF: 175 A(n) path to a file starts from the root of the entire file system tree ANS: absolute PTS: REF: 219 To remove a mounted file system, use the command ANS: umount PTS: REF: 230 MATCHING Match each term with the correct statement below: a Mirroring f b Partition g c Swap partition h d Virtual File System (VFS) i e Software RAID Hard link Extended partition /sbin/ directory Dependent packages a portion of the hard disk a partition including a continuous range of disk cylinders, that can be subdivided into logical partitions a RAID system in which hard disks are combined by the operating system enhances data security because data is copied to one or several hard disks an abstraction level in the kernel providing defined interfaces for processes another entry in a directory that points to the inode of a file that already has a file name extends the physically available system RAM a software package that needs another package to already be installed for it to run contains important programs for system administration ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: B G E A D F C I H PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: 1 1 1 1 REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: 152 152 158 158 161 166 179 193 226 SHORT ANSWER What are some of the recommendations for implementing a partitioning scheme other than the one suggested by YaST? ANS: If you want to implement your own partitioning scheme, consider the following recommendations (depending on the amount of space and how the computer will be used, adjust the distribution of the available disk space): • If your hard disk has less than GB of available space, you should use one partition for the swap space and one for the root partition (/) In this case, the root partition must allow for those directories that often reside on their own partitions if more space is available • If your hard disk has more than GB of available space, you should at least create a swap partition and a root partition (4 GB) You can create separate partitions for different directories in your Linux server’s file system PTS: REF: 153 What are the components of the basic structure of the LVM? ANS: The basic structure of LVM includes the following components: • Physical volume Can be a partition or an entire hard disk • Volume group Consists of one or several physical volumes grouped together The physical partitions can be spread over different hard disks You can add hard disks or partitions to the volume group during operation whenever necessary The volume group can also be reduced in size by removing physical volumes (hard disks or partitions) • Logical volume Part of a volume group A logical volume can be formatted and mounted like a physical partition PTS: REF: 157 What are RAID levels, and how they differ from one another? ANS: The RAID level is determined by the method with which the hard disks are combined and by their number: • RAID RAID improves the performance of your data access; however, there is no redundancy in RAID With RAID 0, two or more hard disks are pooled together (striping) Disk performance is very good, but the RAID system is vulnerable to a single point of failure If one of the disks fails, all data is lost • RAID RAID provides enhanced security for your data because the data is copied to one or several hard disks This is also known as hard disk mirroring If one disk is destroyed, a copy of its contents is available on the other disks Minimum number of disks (or partitions) required for RAID is two • RAID RAID (Redundant Striping) is an optimized compromise between RAID and RAID in terms of performance and redundancy Data and a checksum are distributed across the hard disks Minimum number of disks (or partitions) required for RAID is three If one hard disk fails, it must be replaced as soon as possible to avoid the risk of losing all data on the array by failure of another disk The data on the failed disk is reconstructed on its replacement from the data on the remaining disks and the checksum If more than one hard disk fails at the same time, the data on the RAID array is lost • RAID RAID is comparable to RAID 5, with the difference being that two disks may fail without data loss The minimum number of disks (or partitions) required for RAID is four PTS: REF: 158-159 What is the default file system for SLES 11? Discuss some of its features ANS: ext3 Enhanced version of the ext2 file system that supports journaling ext3 is the default file system for SLES 11 The ext3 file system is a journaled file system that is most widely used in Linux today It is quite robust and fast, although it does not scale too well to either large volumes or a great number of files Recently a scalability feature called htrees was added, which significantly improves ext3's scalability However, it is still not as scalable as some of the other file systems listed, even with htrees With htrees, ext3’s scalability is similar to NTFS Without htrees, ext3 can’t handle efficiently more than about 5,000 files in a directory PTS: REF: 160 What are the options that appear after the system boots from the installation media? Briefly explain each option ANS: After your system has booted from the installation media, the following options appear: • Boot from Hard Disk Boots an operating system installed on the hard disk (if one exists) This is the default option It allows the system to boot normally in the event you forget to remove your SLES 11 installation media from the optical drive • Installation Starts the normal installation process All modern hardware functions are enabled • Repair Installed System Boots into a graphical repair utility • Rescue System Starts the SLES 11 rescue system If you cannot boot your installed Linux system, you can boot the computer from the installation media and select this option This starts a minimal Linux system without a graphical user interface to allow you to access disk partitions for troubleshooting and repairing an installed system • Check Installation Media Starts a verification routine that checks the integrity of your SLES 11 installation media • Firmware Test Starts a BIOS checker that validates ACPI and other parts of your system BIOS • Memory Test Starts a memory testing program that tests system RAM by using repeated read and write cycles This is done in an endless loop, because memory corruption often shows up sporadically, and many read and write cycles might be necessary to detect it If you suspect that your RAM might be defective, start this test and let it run for several hours If no errors are detected, you can assume that the memory is intact Terminate the test by rebooting the system PTS: REF: 169-171 What are the possible installation modes available on the YaST installation mode screen? ANS: You can select the installation mode in the installation mode screen, which presents the following options: • New installation Performs a normal new installation of SLES 11 This is the default option • Update Updates a previously installed SLES 10 installation to SLES 11 • Repair Installed System Repairs an existing system that has been damaged PTS: REF: 174 In what situations would you need to manually change the paritioning scheme suggested by YaST? ANS: You might need to manually change the partitioning scheme if any of the following applies: • You want to optimize the partitioning scheme for a special-purpose server (such as a file server) • You want to configure LVM • You have more than one hard drive and want to configure software RAID • You want to delete existing operating systems on the hard drive to free up space for your SLES 11 installation PTS: REF: 179 What are some of the differences between the file system concept of Linux and that of other operating systems? ANS: The file system concept of Linux (and, in general, of all UNIX systems) is considerably different than that of other operating systems: • Files in the file systems can be spread out over several devices Each file system can be “mounted” any place in the directory hierarchy With other file systems, each file system is placed on the same level, at the top With Linux, the file systems can be placed at lower levels of the directory structure • A filename in Linux can be up to 255 characters long It can contain special characters (“_” or “%”, for example) • Certain characters (the dollar sign “$”, the semicolon “;”, or the space, for example) have a special significance for shells, such as Bash If you want to use one of these characters without the associated special meaning, the character must be preceded by a “\” (backslash) to mask (switch off) its special meaning • You can use umlauts, letters with diacritical marks, or other language-specific characters • Linux differentiates between upper-case and lower-case letters For example, the file names Invoice, invoice, and INVOICE refer to three different files PTS: REF: 218 What does the /boot/ directory contain? ANS: Similar to the C:\Windows\System directory in Windows, the /boot/ directory contains system files Specifically, it contains: • Static files related to the boot loader GRUB These files (with the exception of configuration files) are required for the boot process • The backed-up information for the Master Boot Record (MBR) and the system map files • The kernel, which has the file name vmlinuz According to the FHS, however, the kernel can also be located directly in the root directory PTS: REF: 221 10 Where are directories created for removable media? What are their names? ANS: All files accessible in a Linux system are arranged in one big tree, the file hierarchy, rooted at / These files can be spread out over several devices The mount command attaches a device’s file system to the big file tree SLES 11 creates directories in the /media/ directory for mounting removable media when detecting media: • /media/floppy/ Created for a floppy disk drive • /media/cdrom/ Created for a CD-Rom drive • /media/cdrecorder/ Created for a CD burner • /media/dvd/ Created for a DVD drive • /media/usbdisk/ Created for a USB stick • /media/media_name/ Created after inserting a labeled removable media PTS: REF: 225 ... system administration ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: B G E A D F C I H PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: 1 1 1 1 REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: REF: 15 2 15 2 15 8 15 8... characters long a 63 c 255 b 12 7 d 511 ANS: C PTS: REF: 218 16 The hierarchical file system tree used in Linux begins at the directory a usr c lib b / d bin ANS: B PTS: REF: 218 17 The length of the... SLES 11 installation PTS: REF: 17 9 What are some of the differences between the file system concept of Linux and that of other operating systems? ANS: The file system concept of Linux (and, in