Chapter 02 Test Bank Student: _ All of the food that we eat, liquids that we drink and medications that we take are A chemicals B vitamins C proteins D nucleic acids E carbohydrates Understanding is essential for understanding anatomy and physiology because body structures and functions result from chemical changes Chemistry is the branch of science that deals with the composition of matter True False Which of the following substances is not an element? A Iron B Oxygen C Water D Carbon E Hydrogen Matter is anything that has weight and takes up space True False is defined as anything that has weight and takes up space All matter is composed of atoms of fundamental substances called All matter is composed of atoms of fundamental substances called A carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen B carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, calcium C carbon, hydrogen, calcium, nitrogen D carbon, hydrogen, selenium, sodium E sodium, calcium, nitrogen, selenium An element with an atomic number of contains 12 protons True False 10 At present, there are 90 known naturally occurring _ 11 Which of the following is the number of elements living organisms require? A 10 B 15 C 20 D 90 E 144 12 The atomic weight of an atom of an element equals the number of neutrons in its nucleus True False 13 The atomic _ of an atom of an element equals the number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus 14 The number of protons in the atoms of a particular element is called the element's atomic 15 Each element is composed of characteristic tiny particles called _ 16 The parts of an atom that lack an electrical charge are called _ 17 When atoms combine with other atoms, interactions occur between their shells 18 The electrons of an atom occupy one or more areas of space called A bonds B shells C regions D ions E nuclei 19 The electrons in the outermost shell of an atom determine its A shape B weight C chemical behavior D mass E atomic number 20 The atoms of the isotopes of a particular element vary in the number of A electrons B protons C neutrons D nuclei E electron shells 21 Sodium and chloride ions readily combine because they have opposite charges True False 22 An atom that has gained or lost electrons is called an ion True False 23 Atoms that gain or lose electrons become electrically charged and are called _ 24 The type of chemical bond formed when atoms share electrons is called _ 25 The first electron shell of an atom can hold a maximum of A electron B electrons C electrons D electrons E 16 electrons 26 A covalent bond is formed by two atoms that share electrons True False 27 The molecular formula for compounds like sodium chloride (NaCl) give the relative amounts of each element present True False 28 The formula H2O means A an atom contains hydrogen molecules and oxygen molecule B an atom contains hydrogen atom and oxygen molecules C a molecule contains hydrogen atoms and oxygen atom D a molecule contains hydrogen atom and oxygen atoms E a molecule contains hydrogen atoms and no oxygen atoms 29 If two pairs of electrons are shared, the resulting bond is called a double covalent bond True False 30 The type of chemical bond formed when ions with opposite electrical charges are attracted to one another is called _ 31 The attraction of the positive hydrogen end of a polar molecule to the negative nitrogen or oxygen end of another polar molecule is called a(an) A ionic bond B double bond C triple bond D hydrogen bond E covalent bond 32 When two or more atoms bond, they form a new kind of particle called a molecule True False 33 When atoms of different elements bond, they form molecules called _ 34 A molecule of a compound always contains definite kinds and numbers of atoms True False 35 Water is an example of a compound True False 36 A molecular formula represents the numbers and types of atoms in a molecule True False 37 A _ formula shows how atoms are joined and arranged in various molecules 38 If the bonds of a reactant molecule break so that simpler molecules, atoms or ions form, the reaction is an exchange reaction True False 39 A _ reaction is symbolized as A+B→AB 40 A reaction is symbolized as AB→A+B 41 A chemical reaction in which pairs of two different molecules trade positions is called a(an) _ reaction A decomposition B exchange C reversible D synthesis E irreversible 42 When two or more atoms (reactants) bond to form a more complex structure (product) the reaction is called synthesis True False 43 The opposite of a decomposition reaction is called a reaction 44 A decomposition reaction can be symbolized as A A+B→C+D B A+B→AB C AB→A+B D C+D→AB E AB + CD → AC + BD 45 A pH value indicates the hydrogen ion concentration in solutions, including body fluids True False 46 pH is a measure of _ ion concentration 47 The pH scale ranges from to 14 True False 48 A pH of _ is the midpoint of the pH scale and signifies equal numbers of hydrogen and hydroxide ions 49 A solution that contains more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions is _ 50 Which term describes a solution that contains more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions? A Basic B Neutral C Low pH D Acidic E None of the above 51 Each whole number on the pH scale represents a - fold difference in hydrogen ion concentration A 15 B 100 C 20 D 10 E 52 As hydrogen ion concentration increases, the pH number A gets B gets smaller C stays the same D becomes negative E approaches 14 53 A solution that has a pH of has ten times the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution with a pH of A B C D E 0.6 54 A substance that releases hydrogen ions in water is a base True False 55 An is defined as a substance that ionizes in water 56 An acid is defined as an electrolyte that releases hydroxide ions (OH-) in water True False 57 A person has alkalosis if the blood pH A rises above 7.0 B drops below 7.0 C rises above 7.4 D drops below 7.4 E steadily decreases 58 As a group, compounds that release ions when they dissolve in water are called A acids B bases C salts D electrolytes E solvents 59 Chemicals that resist changes in pH are called A buffers B electrolytes C acids D bases E none of the above 60 Buffers combine with hydrogen ions when H+ is in excess or they donate hydroxide ions when H+ is depleted True False 61 are chemicals that resist changes in pH 62 A salt is a compound composed of oppositely charged ions True False 63 At the cellular level of organization, biology becomes the study of A organs B chemistry C tissues D organ systems E human populations 64 Which of the following chemicals is not an inorganic substance? A Water B Protein C Sodium chloride D Carbon dioxide E Oxygen 65 Many inorganic substances dissociate in water to release ions True False 66 Organic substances always contain the elements hydrogen and _ 67 Inorganic substances that usually dissociate in water are called A organic compounds B non-electrolytes C electrolytes D lipids E carbohydrates 68 Water accounts for 2/3 of the weight of an adult human True False 69 is the most abundant compound in living material 70 Carbon dioxide is A inhaled in large quantities from the environment B a waste product of metabolic processes C an element D a salt E an electrolyte 71 Cellular organelles use oxygen to release energy from glucose True False 72 Which of the following is not organic? A A carbohydrate B A protein C A lipid D Carbon dioxide E A nucleic acid 73 The different types of carbohydrates not include A monosaccharides B disaccharides C proteins D polysaccharides E glucose 74 The building blocks of fat molecules are amino acids True False 75 are lipids used primarily to store energy for cellular activities 76 Cholesterol is a protein True False 77 Steroid molecules have four connected rings of carbon atoms True False 78 The building blocks of proteins are amino acids True False 79 are the building blocks of nucleic acids 80 Proteins include DNA and RNA True False is defined as anything that has weight and takes up space Matter Bloom's Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 02.02 Shier - Chapter 02 #6 Topic: Chemistry All matter is composed of atoms of fundamental substances called elements Bloom's Level: Understand Learning Outcome: 02.02 Shier - Chapter 02 #7 Topic: Chemistry All matter is composed of atoms of fundamental substances called A carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen B carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, calcium C carbon, hydrogen, calcium, nitrogen D carbon, hydrogen, selenium, sodium E sodium, calcium, nitrogen, selenium Bloom's Level: Analyze Learning Outcome: 02.02 Shier - Chapter 02 #8 Topic: Chemistry An element with an atomic number of contains 12 protons FALSE Bloom's Level: Analyze Learning Outcome: 02.02 Shier - Chapter 02 #9 Topic: Chemistry 10 At present, there are 90 known naturally occurring _ elements Bloom's Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 02.02 Shier - Chapter 02 #10 Topic: Chemistry 11 Which of the following is the number of elements living organisms require? A 10 B 15 C 20 D 90 E 144 Bloom's Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 02.02 Shier - Chapter 02 #11 Topic: Chemistry 12 The atomic weight of an atom of an element equals the number of neutrons in its nucleus FALSE Bloom's Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 02.02 Shier - Chapter 02 #12 Topic: Chemistry 13 The atomic _ of an atom of an element equals the number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus weight Bloom's Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 02.02 Shier - Chapter 02 #13 Topic: Chemistry 14 The number of protons in the atoms of a particular element is called the element's atomic number Bloom's Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 02.02 Shier - Chapter 02 #14 Topic: Chemistry 15 Each element is composed of characteristic tiny particles called _ atoms Bloom's Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 02.02 Shier - Chapter 02 #15 Topic: Chemistry 16 The parts of an atom that lack an electrical charge are called _ neutrons Bloom's Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 02.02 Shier - Chapter 02 #16 Topic: Chemistry 17 When atoms combine with other atoms, interactions occur between their shells electron Bloom's Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 02.02 Shier - Chapter 02 #17 Topic: Chemistry 18 The electrons of an atom occupy one or more areas of space called A bonds B shells C regions D ions E nuclei Bloom's Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 02.02 Shier - Chapter 02 #18 Topic: Chemistry 19 The electrons in the outermost shell of an atom determine its A shape B weight C chemical behavior D mass E atomic number Bloom's Level: Understand Learning Outcome: 02.02 Shier - Chapter 02 #19 Topic: Chemistry 20 The atoms of the isotopes of a particular element vary in the number of A electrons B protons C neutrons D nuclei E electron shells Bloom's Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 02.02 Shier - Chapter 02 #20 Topic: Chemistry 21 Sodium and chloride ions readily combine because they have opposite charges TRUE Bloom's Level: Understand Learning Outcome: 02.02 Shier - Chapter 02 Topic: Chemistry 22 An atom that has gained or lost electrons is called an ion TRUE Bloom's Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 02.02 Shier - Chapter 02 #22 Topic: Chemistry 23 Atoms that gain or lose electrons become electrically charged and are called _ ions Bloom's Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 02.02 Shier - Chapter 02 #23 Topic: Chemistry 24 The type of chemical bond formed when atoms share electrons is called _ covalent Bloom's Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 02.02 Shier - Chapter 02 #24 Topic: Chemistry 25 The first electron shell of an atom can hold a maximum of A electron B electrons C electrons D electrons E 16 electrons Bloom's Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 02.02 Shier - Chapter 02 #25 Topic: Chemistry 26 A covalent bond is formed by two atoms that share electrons TRUE Bloom's Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 02.02 Shier - Chapter 02 #26 Topic: Chemistry 27 The molecular formula for compounds like sodium chloride (NaCl) give the relative amounts of each element present TRUE Bloom's Level: Understand Learning Outcome: 02.02 Shier - Chapter 02 Topic: Chemistry 28 The formula H2O means A an atom contains hydrogen molecules and oxygen molecule B an atom contains hydrogen atom and oxygen molecules C a molecule contains hydrogen atoms and oxygen atom D a molecule contains hydrogen atom and oxygen atoms E a molecule contains hydrogen atoms and no oxygen atoms Bloom's Level: Analyze Learning Outcome: 02.02 Shier - Chapter 02 #28 Topic: Chemistry 29 If two pairs of electrons are shared, the resulting bond is called a double covalent bond TRUE Bloom's Level: Understand Learning Outcome: 02.02 Shier - Chapter 02 #29 Topic: Chemistry 30 The type of chemical bond formed when ions with opposite electrical charges are attracted to one another is called _ ionic Bloom's Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 02.02 Shier - Chapter 02 #30 Topic: Chemistry 31 The attraction of the positive hydrogen end of a polar molecule to the negative nitrogen or oxygen end of another polar molecule is called a(an) A ionic bond B double bond C triple bond D hydrogen bond E covalent bond Bloom's Level: Understand Learning Outcome: 02.02 Shier - Chapter 02 #31 Topic: Chemistry 32 When two or more atoms bond, they form a new kind of particle called a molecule TRUE Bloom's Level: Understand Learning Outcome: 02.02 Shier - Chapter 02 #32 Topic: Chemistry 33 When atoms of different elements bond, they form molecules called _ compounds Bloom's Level: Understand Learning Outcome: 02.02 Shier - Chapter 02 #33 Topic: Chemistry 34 A molecule of a compound always contains definite kinds and numbers of atoms TRUE Bloom's Level: Understand Learning Outcome: 02.02 Shier - Chapter 02 Topic: Chemistry 35 Water is an example of a compound TRUE Bloom's Level: Understand Learning Outcome: 02.02 Shier - Chapter 02 #35 Topic: Chemistry 36 A molecular formula represents the numbers and types of atoms in a molecule TRUE Bloom's Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 02.02 Shier - Chapter 02 #36 Topic: Chemistry 37 A _ formula shows how atoms are joined and arranged in various molecules structural Bloom's Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 02.02 Shier - Chapter 02 #37 Topic: Chemistry 38 If the bonds of a reactant molecule break so that simpler molecules, atoms or ions form, the reaction is an exchange reaction FALSE Bloom's Level: Understand Learning Outcome: 02.02 Shier - Chapter 02 #38 Topic: Chemistry 39 A _ reaction is symbolized as A+B→AB synthesis Bloom's Level: Understand Learning Outcome: 02.02 Shier - Chapter 02 #39 Topic: Chemistry 40 A reaction is symbolized as AB→A+B decomposition Bloom's Level: Understand Learning Outcome: 02.02 Shier - Chapter 02 #40 Topic: Chemistry 41 A chemical reaction in which pairs of two different molecules trade positions is called a(an) _ reaction A decomposition B exchange C reversible D synthesis E irreversible Bloom's Level: Understand Learning Outcome: 02.02 Shier - Chapter 02 #41 Topic: Chemistry 42 When two or more atoms (reactants) bond to form a more complex structure (product) the reaction is called synthesis TRUE Bloom's Level: Understand Learning Outcome: 02.02 Shier - Chapter 02 #42 Topic: Chemistry 43 The opposite of a decomposition reaction is called a reaction synthesis Bloom's Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 02.02 Shier - Chapter 02 #43 Topic: Chemistry 44 A decomposition reaction can be symbolized as A A+B→C+D B A+B→AB C AB→A+B D C+D→AB E AB + CD → AC + BD Bloom's Level: Understand Learning Outcome: 02.02 Shier - Chapter 02 #44 Topic: Chemistry 45 A pH value indicates the hydrogen ion concentration in solutions, including body fluids TRUE Bloom's Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 02.02 Shier - Chapter 02 #45 Topic: Chemistry 46 pH is a measure of _ ion concentration hydrogen Bloom's Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 02.02 Shier - Chapter 02 #46 Topic: Chemistry 47 The pH scale ranges from to 14 TRUE Bloom's Level: Remember Topic: Chemistry 48 A pH of _ is the midpoint of the pH scale and signifies equal numbers of hydrogen and hydroxide ions or Bloom's Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 02.02 Shier - Chapter 02 #48 Topic: Chemistry 49 A solution that contains more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions is _ acidic Bloom's Level: Understand Learning Outcome: 02.02 Shier - Chapter 02 #49 Topic: Chemistry 50 Which term describes a solution that contains more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions? A Basic B Neutral C Low pH D Acidic E None of the above Bloom's Level: Analyze Learning Outcome: 02.02 Shier - Chapter 02 #50 Topic: Chemistry 51 Each whole number on the pH scale represents a - fold difference in hydrogen ion concentration A 15 B 100 C 20 D 10 E Bloom's Level: Understand Learning Outcome: 02.02 Shier - Chapter 02 #51 Topic: Chemistry 52 As hydrogen ion concentration increases, the pH number A gets B gets smaller C stays the same D becomes negative E approaches 14 Bloom's Level: Understand Learning Outcome: 02.02 Shier - Chapter 02 #52 Topic: Chemistry 53 A solution that has a pH of has ten times the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution with a pH of A B C D E 0.6 Bloom's Level: Analyze Learning Outcome: 02.02 Shier - Chapter 02 #53 Topic: Chemistry 54 A substance that releases hydrogen ions in water is a base FALSE Bloom's Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 02.02 Shier - Chapter 02 #54 Topic: Chemistry 55 An is defined as a substance that ionizes in water electrolyte Bloom's Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 02.02 Shier - Chapter 02 #55 Topic: Chemistry 56 An acid is defined as an electrolyte that releases hydroxide ions (OH-) in water FALSE Bloom's Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 02.02 Shier - Chapter 02 #56 Topic: Chemistry 57 A person has alkalosis if the blood pH A rises above 7.0 B drops below 7.0 C rises above 7.4 D drops below 7.4 E steadily decreases Bloom's Level: Apply Learning Outcome: 02.02 Shier - Chapter 02 #57 Topic: Chemistry 58 As a group, compounds that release ions when they dissolve in water are called A acids B bases C salts D electrolytes E solvents Bloom's Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 02.02 Shier - Chapter 02 #58 Topic: Chemistry 59 Chemicals that resist changes in pH are called A buffers B electrolytes C acids D bases E none of the above Bloom's Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 02.02 Shier - Chapter 02 #59 Topic: Chemistry 60 Buffers combine with hydrogen ions when H+ is in excess or they donate hydroxide ions when H+ is depleted FALSE Bloom's Level: Understand Learning Outcome: 02.02 Shier - Chapter 02 #60 Topic: Chemistry 61 are chemicals that resist changes in pH Buffers Bloom's Level: Understand Learning Outcome: 02.02 Shier - Chapter 02 #61 Topic: Chemistry 62 A salt is a compound composed of oppositely charged ions TRUE Bloom's Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 02.02 Shier - Chapter 02 Topic: Chemistry 63 At the cellular level of organization, biology becomes the study of A organs B chemistry C tissues D organ systems E human populations Bloom's Level: Understand Learning Outcome: 02.03 Shier - Chapter 02 #63 Topic: Chemistry 64 Which of the following chemicals is not an inorganic substance? A Water B Protein C Sodium chloride D Carbon dioxide E Oxygen Bloom's Level: Analyze Learning Outcome: 02.03 Shier - Chapter 02 #64 Topic: Chemistry 65 Many inorganic substances dissociate in water to release ions TRUE Bloom's Level: Understand Learning Outcome: 02.03 Shier - Chapter 02 #65 Topic: Chemistry 66 Organic substances always contain the elements hydrogen and _ carbon Bloom's Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 02.03 Shier - Chapter 02 #66 Topic: Chemistry 67 Inorganic substances that usually dissociate in water are called A organic compounds B non-electrolytes C electrolytes D lipids E carbohydrates Bloom's Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 02.03 Shier - Chapter 02 #67 Topic: Chemistry 68 Water accounts for 2/3 of the weight of an adult human TRUE Bloom's Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 02.03 Shier - Chapter 02 #68 Topic: Chemistry 69 is the most abundant compound in living material Water Bloom's Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 02.03 Shier - Chapter 02 #69 Topic: Chemistry 70 Carbon dioxide is A inhaled in large quantities from the environment B a waste product of metabolic processes C an element D a salt E an electrolyte Bloom's Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 02.03 Shier - Chapter 02 #70 Topic: Chemistry 71 Cellular organelles use oxygen to release energy from glucose TRUE Bloom's Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 02.03 Shier - Chapter 02 #71 Topic: Chemistry 72 Which of the following is not organic? A A carbohydrate B A protein C A lipid D Carbon dioxide E A nucleic acid Bloom's Level: Analyze Learning Outcome: 02.03 Shier - Chapter 02 #72 Topic: Chemistry 73 The different types of carbohydrates not include A monosaccharides B disaccharides C proteins D polysaccharides E glucose Bloom's Level: Analyze Learning Outcome: 02.03 Shier - Chapter 02 #73 Topic: Chemistry 74 The building blocks of fat molecules are amino acids FALSE Bloom's Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 02.03 Shier - Chapter 02 #74 Topic: Chemistry 75 are lipids used primarily to store energy for cellular activities Fats Bloom's Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 02.03 Shier - Chapter 02 #75 Topic: Chemistry 76 Cholesterol is a protein FALSE Bloom's Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 02.03 Shier - Chapter 02 #76 Topic: Chemistry 77 Steroid molecules have four connected rings of carbon atoms TRUE Bloom's Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 02.03 Shier - Chapter 02 Topic: Chemistry 78 The building blocks of proteins are amino acids TRUE Bloom's Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 02.03 Shier - Chapter 02 #78 Topic: Chemistry 79 are the building blocks of nucleic acids Nucleotides Bloom's Level: Remember Learning Outcome: 02.03 Shier - Chapter 02 #79 Topic: Chemistry 80 Proteins include DNA and RNA FALSE Bloom's Level: Understand Learning Outcome: 02.03 Shier - Chapter 02 Topic: Chemistry Chapter 02 Test Bank Summary Category # of Questions Bloom's Level: Remember 44 Bloom's Level: Understand 26 Bloom's Level: Apply Bloom's Level: Analyze Learning Outcome: 02.01 Learning Outcome: 02.02 59 Learning Outcome: 02.03 18 Shier - Chapter 02 79 Topic: Chemistry 80 ... Level: Understand Learning Outcome: 02.01 Shier - Chapter 02 #1 Topic: Chemistry Understanding is essential for understanding anatomy and physiology because body structures and functions... The atomic weight of an atom of an element equals the number of neutrons in its nucleus True False 13 The atomic _ of an atom of an element equals the number of protons and neutrons in its... the building blocks of nucleic acids 80 Proteins include DNA and RNA True False Chapter 02 Test Bank Key All of the food that we eat, liquids that we drink and medications that