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VNU Journal of Science, Natural Sciences and Technology 26 (2010) 183-190 183 Study on the characteristics and catalytic properties of Pt/SBA-15 in the selective oxidation of D-Glucose Tran Thi Nhu Mai*, Nguyen Thi Minh Thu, Pham Dinh Trong, Nguyen Thi Ha, Giang Thi Phuong Ly Faculty of Chemistry, Hanoi University of Science, VNU, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Vietnam Received 5 May 2010 Abstract. In this work, platinum nanoparticles were dispersed on SBA-15 mesoporous material by incipient wetness method and the synthesized materials were characterized by XRD, TEM, EDX spectroscopies and N 2 adsorption-desorption isotherm measurement. The results indicated that 2D hexagonal ordered structure of SBA-15 was still maintained after grafting Pt on SBA-15 support and platinum nanoparticles existed both inside and outside the pore channels of SBA-15 material. Catalytic activity of these materials was tested in the aqueous phase D-glucose oxidation as a model reaction. The reaction was carried out in a glass reactor at atmospheric pressure, 80 o C, air flow rate 20ml/minute, at pH 9. The results from HPLC-RID method showed that the pH has a profound effect in the platinum-catalyzed oxidation of glucose and high conversion of D-glucose with the highest selectivity to D-gluconic acid was performed with 1%Pt/SBA-15 catalyst. 1. Introduction ∗ ∗∗ ∗ Gluconic acid and its salts are important industrial products, they are used as water- soluble cleansing agents or additives in foods and beverages. For commerical purposes, these products are exlusively prepared by the oxidation of glucose or glucose-containing raw materials. Althrough the currently used oxidation method is based on biochemical tranformation but recent development has indicated that the catalytic route may be valid alternative for producing gluconate on an _______ ∗ Corresponding author. Tel.: 84-4-38261857. E-mail: tranthinhumai@hus.edu.vn industrial scale. For this reason, many interested reseachs in order to discover the active catalyst for this process have been taken out. In this paper, Pt/SBA-15 materials with various Pt loading on high surface area siliceous support were prepared and tested in D- glucose oxidation process. The properties of these materials were characterized by XRD, TEM, EDX, and N 2 adsorption-desorption methods and the products of the oxidation reaction were determined to estimate the effect of Pt contents, pH and catalysts’ nature on the reaction conversion and gluconic acid selectivity. T.T.N. Mai et al. / VNU Journal of Science, Natural Sciences and Technology 26 (2010) 183-190 184 2. Experimental 2.1. Catalyst preparation Synthesis of SBA-15: 1g of Pluronic P123 triblock copolymer (E020P070E020, BASE U.S.) as structure-directing agent was dissolved in 75 ml of 1.5 M HCl , and then 2.1g of tetraethylortho-silicate (TEOS) as silicon source was added under strong magnetic stirring at 50°C for a day. The solution was aged for another day at room temperature. After filtration, washing with distilled water and drying at 100 o C, the sample was calcined at 550°C in ambient air for 5h and the white SBA- 15 was obtained. Synthesis of Pt/SBA-15: Platinum was supported on SBA-15 mesoporous material by incipient wetness method using calculated content of SIAM’S AND VIETNAM’S PERCEPTIONS OF THEIR DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS IN THE PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD (1780s-1850s) Morragotwong Pftumplab* This paper is a political and cultural history of the bilateral relations between the Siamese and Vietnamese courts from the 1780s to the 1850s Through the examination of the diplomatic worldviews and outlooks of the respective courts, it demonstrates how the Siamese and Vietnamese’s similar views towards interstate relations affected their interactions Both courts attempted to balance their equal status as great kingdoms as well as joint-overlords Their approach to diplomatic relations with other countries largely followed a culturally hierarchical pattern between a superior and an inferior Both courts defined themselves as a central and powerful state dominating other small surrounding states Their diplomatic relationship, however, was the only exception to this conceptualization of their geopolitical centrality, as Siam and Vietnam both regarded and approached each other as equal great kingdoms This was contemplatable in principle, but hardly realizable in practice Siam and Vietnam struggled with this special arrangement because they both had never treated any other foreign states as their equal Siam and Vietnam maintained this diplomatic relationship and understanding with great difficulty, especially when it came to issues pertaining to the Cambodian and Lao kingdoms that became the peripheries to the two states competing to be the center of the region This paper focuses on two aspects: (1) the political and cultural dimensions of both courts’ perceptions of each other; (2) the entanglements between Bangkok and Huế regarding court rituals and cultural strategies towards their vassal states that led to shifts in their consciousness and attitudes within different contexts Introduction The rise of powerful dynasties in Southeast Asia brought about interactions among different societies with different kinds of politics and cultures, each desiring * Lecturer, Faculty of Liberal Arts, Thammasat University, Thailand 595 VIỆT NAM HỌC - KỶ YẺU h ộ i th ả o q uố c té lẩn th ủ t to expand its territory to guarantee its overlordship of its region The prosperous dynasties established states and strengthened their claims to authority and sovereignty These states tried to demonstrate their power and grandeur through establishing formal politics and luxurious court ceremonies; as Clifford Cieertz commented, “Power serves pomp, not pomp power.”1 Due to their contrasting levels of political and economic power, the states in Southeast Asia developed different interstate relationships, between the big states seeking to counter-balaice one another, and between suzerainties and tributaries The diplomatic relationship between Siam under the Chakri dynasty ind Vietnam under the Nguyễn dynasty illustrate the shift of bilateral relations fbm friendship to antagonism, especially between the 1780s and the 18: Os Diplomatically, the relations between Bangkok and Huế were not only ai’fected by their direct interaction but also by the competition to gain influence ever neighboring states, in particular the Cambodian and Lao kingdoms, through different political and cultural policies The two states were competitors striving to be the overlord of the region The relationship between Rama I (1782-1809) ind Gia Long (1802-1820) was most cordial The concerns of the threat from Burma during the reign of Rama II (1 809-1824) led to the expansion of Vietnamese po ver in Cambodia and Laos during the reign of Minh Mạng (1820-1840) This marxed the beginnings of a shift of relations and perceptions from friends to rivals Wiile the earlv conflicts and misinterpretations between the two courts were resolved through diplomatic negotiation, the escalating tensions culminated in their shif ing from being rivals into becoming real enemies by the reign of Rama III (1824-1851), Minh Mạng and Thiệu Trị (1840-1847) A people’s worldview, as a collectively-held set of understandings and beliefs, was a vital factor in shaping interstate diplomacy and determining the shifts in the character of the relationship between Siam and Vietnam The two societies hailed from different cultural backgrounds - Indian cultural influences shaped Siamese worldviews while China was a powerful influence on Vietnam These divergent influences contributed to the Siamese and Vietnamese conceptualization of tieir identities and became the basis of each state's cultural expansion and political formation However, their worldviews were similar in spite of their diffe.-ing cultural backgrounds and this similarity in turn led to diplomatic conflicts, which escalated to military confrontation in some instances Despite the cultural differences, both thought that they were the center and the most powerful state in Clifford Geertz, Negara: The Theatre State in Nineteenth-Century Princeton University Press, 1980), p 13 596 Bali (Princeton, SIAM’S AND VIETNAM’S ...ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSI am greatly indebted to my teachers, colleagues, friends, and family for their support and help in the preparation and completion of this paper.First of all, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Assoc. Prof., Dr. Trần Hữu Mạnh for his expert advice, critical and constructive comments, invaluable suggestions and enthusiastic guidance without which the thesis would not have been successfully completed. I also wish to thank all my lecturers at Postgraduate Department, College of Foreign Languages, Vietnam National University, Hanoi for their concern, lessons and support.My special thanks go to my colleagues and friends for their helpful comments and useful materials.I would like to express my gratefulness to my parents, my husband and my son whose encouragement, expectation, and assistance helped me overcome all the difficulties in fulfilling this paper.i LIST OF TABLESTable 1. Names for US-Japan coalition and North Korea in VOATable 2. Names for US-Japan coalition and North Korea in Nhan DanTable 3. Negativization of North Korea’s activities in VOATable 4. Positivization of the US- Japan coalition’s activities in VOATable 5. Lexicalization of North Korea’s activities in Nhan DanTable 6. Lexicalization of the US-Japan coalition’s activities in Nhan DanTable 7. Over-lexicalization of the North Korea’s missile launches in VOATable 8. Over-lexicalization of the North Korea’s missile launches in Nhan DanTable 9. Quotation patterns of news reports in VOATable 10. Quotation patterns of news reports in Nhan Danii TABLE OF CONTENTSAcknowledgements ………………………………………………………………………iList of Tables …………………………………………………………………………… iiINTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………………………….11. Rationale ………………………………………………………………………… 12. Scope of the research …………………………………………………………… .23. Aims of the research and research questions …………………………………… .24. Methodology ………………………………………………………………………35. Background information ………………………………………………………… 46. Design of the research …………………………………………………………… 5CHAPTER 1 – THEORETICAL BACKGROUND ………………………………… .61.1. The history of Critical Linguistics and Critical Discourse Analysis …………… 61.2. Theories on Critical Discourse Analysis …………………………………………81.2.1.What is Critical Discourse Analysis …………………………………………… 91.2.2.Key notions of CDA …………………………………………………………… 91.2.3.Methodology of CDA ……………………………………………………………111.2.4.Principles of CDA ……………………………………………………………….121.3. Systemic Functional Linguistics and its role in CDA ………………………… .131.4. CDA in relation with Cultural Studies ………………………………………… .13CHAPTER 2 – METHODOLOGY …………………………………………………….152.1. Data …………………………………………………………………………… .152.1.1. Data sources …………………………………………………………………… 152.1.1.1. Voice Of America ……………………………………………………………….152.1.1.2. Nhan Dan ……………………………………………………………………… 16iii 2.1.2. Data selection VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES ********************* PHẠM THỊ TUẤN A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF TWO SPEECHES ON WOMEN BY HILLARY CLINTON IN 1995 AND 2013 Phân tích diễn ngôn phê phán hai phát biểu phụ nữ Hillary Clinton vào năm 1995 2013 M.A MINOR PROGRAMME THESIS Field: English Linguistics Code: 60220201 Hanoi, 2016 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES ********************* PHẠM THỊ TUẤN A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF TWO SPEECHES ON WOMEN BY HILLARY CLINTON IN 1995 AND 2013 Phân tích diễn ngôn phê phán hai phát biểu phụ nữ Hillary Clinton vào năm 1995 2013 M.A MINOR PROGRAMME THESIS Field: English Linguistics Code: 60220201 Supervisor: Assoc Prof Dr Ngô Hữu Hoàng Hanoi, 2016 ` DECLARATION I hereby certify that the thesis entitled “A critical discourse analysis of two speeches on women by Hillary Clinton in 1995 and 2013” is the result of my own research for the Degree of Master of Arts at the University of 1 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING UNIVERSITY OF DANANG NGUYỄN THỊ MINH THƯ AN INVESTIGATION INTO SYNTACTIC AND SEMANTIC FEATURES OF IDIOMS DENOTING WORK IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE Field: THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE Code: 60.22.15 M.A. THESIS IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE (A Summary) DANANG – 2011 2 This thesis has been completed at the College of Foreign Languages – the University of Danang Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. TRUONG VIEN Examiner 1: Duong Bach Nhat, Ph. D. Examiner 2: Nguyen Thi Quynh Hoa, Ph. D. The thesis was presented at the Examining Committee at the University of Danang Time : 08 Jan 2012 Venue : University of Danang This thesis is available at: • The library of the College of Foreign Languages, the University of Danang • Information Resources Center, the University of Danang 3 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1. RATIONALE Language is considered as a system of communicating among people who use sounds, symbols and words in expressing a meaning, idea or thought. This language can be used in many forms, primarily through oral and written communications as well as using expressions through body language. Moreover, language is considered as a way to communicate ideas comprehensibly from one person to another in such a way that the other will be able to act exactly accordingly. And idiom is one of the exciting and popular languagephenomenons. Therefore, to learn a language, a person needs to learn the words in that language, and how and when to use them. But people also need to learn idioms separately. And idioms reflect accumulated human experiences and are built on frequently occurring situations that demonstrate human behavior, social traits, certain habits or tradition in a country. Every country or nation has got their own idioms that are specific to their own culture, while many idioms have synonyms in several countries what refers to the equal shared human nature in many cultures. Every country or nation has got their own idioms that are specific to their own culture, while many idioms have synonyms in several countries what refers to the equal shared human nature in many cultures. Learning the specific idioms reFor example, "Ideally he'd like to find himself a plum job in New York." A desirable position which is well-paid and considered relatively easy 4 is called a plum job. That is what the above idiom wants to convey. Or "Clinton and Obama teaming up for the general election would be a dream ticket for many Democrats”. In considering “dream ticket”, what people want to mean this idiom is not dream or ticket. Actually, this meaning is that two people who work well together and be successful. Or “Con trai tôi là niềm tự hào của cả nhà, cả họ, cùng với tiến bộ của nó trong sự học hành hi vọng trong lòng tôi cứ lớn dần, ñời nó sẽ thoát ñược cái cảnh chân lấm tay bùn, một nắng hai sương, bán mặt cho ñất bán lưng cho trời, suốt ñời lẽo ñẽo theo sau ñít trâu cày và tầm mắt chỉ thấy những gì quanh luỹ tre làng.(Huỳnh Văn Úc,2009) Being aware of the importance of idioms in learning language as well as in daily life, here and there, many researchers have investigated the syntactic and semantic features of idioms denoting the topics such as weather, money, body parts, animals, colours, causes and effects, verb of motion, etc. . . Nevertheless, an investigation into idioms denoting work at language levels has not been deal with so far. VNU Journal of Science, Foreign Languages 25 (2009) 165-173 Grammatical and semantic features of some English words and idioms denoting happiness - the feeling of great pleasure Nguyen Thi Van Lam* Department of Foreign Languages, Vinh University, Nghe An, Vietnam Received February 2009 Abstract This article is intended for the discussion of the lexemes denoting the feeling of great pleasure sub-classified into four groups of adjectives (‘delighted’, ‘elated’, and ‘jubilant’); nouns (‘bliss’, ‘ecstasy’, ‘euphoria’, ‘glee’, ‘joy’, and ‘rapture’); verbs (‘exult’ and ‘rejoice’); and LITHIUM-ION BATTERY SYSTEMS: A PROCESS FLOW AND SYSTEMS FRAMEWORK DESIGNED FOR USE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A LIFECYCLE ENERGY MODEL A Thesis Presented to The Academic Faculty by Yukti Arora In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master in Science in Environmental Engineering in the School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology May 2015 COPYRIGHT 2015 BY YUKTI ARORA LITHIUM-ION BATTERY SYSTEMS: A PROCESS FLOW AND SYSTEMS FRAMEWORK DESIGNED FOR USE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A LIFECYCLE ENERGY MODEL Approved by: Dr Randall Guensler, Advisor School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Dr James Mulholland School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Dr Mike Rodgers School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Date Approved: November 25, 2014 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to thank my mother, my advisor, faculty, and friends who continually showed support while I vigorously finished this thesis iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii LIST OF TABLES viii LIST OF FIGURES ix LIST OF ACRONYMS x INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND LITERATURE REVIEW 3.1 Types and Configuration of Electric Vehicles 3.1.1 All-Electric Vehicles 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.1.2 Hybrid-Electric Vehicles 12 3.1.3 Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles 13 Different Types of Li-Ion Battery Systems and their Advantages and Disadvantages 17 Battery Structure 21 3.3.1 Cathode 21 3.3.2 Anode 23 3.3.3 Electrolyte 24 3.3.4 Separator 24 Mechanics of Batteries 25 3.4.1 Safety 27 3.4.2 Challenges and Future Research 27 3.5 Key Lithium-ion Battery Players 28 3.6 Lithium Resource Base 30 3.6.1 Uses of Lithium 30 3.6.2 Sources of Lithium Deposit 31 3.6.2.1 Continental Brine 32 iv 3.6.2.2 Geothermal Brine 32 3.6.2.3 Oilfields 33 3.6.3 Rocks 3.7 35 3.6.3.1 Pegmatite or “Hard Rock” 35 3.6.3.2 Spodumene 36 3.6.3.3 Clay Deposits 36 3.6.3.4 Lacustrine Evaporites 37 Lithium Global Reserves 40 3.7.1 Latin America 3.8 42 3.7.1.1 Chile 42 3.7.1.2 Argentina 43 3.7.1.3 Bolivia 44 3.7.2 United States (U.S.) 44 3.7.3 Canada 46 3.7.4 China 46 3.7.5 Russia 47 3.7.6 Australia 48 End of Life-Recycling 48 3.8.1 Umicore V’al eas Process 49 3.8.2 The Toxco Process 50 LITHIUM-ION SYSTEMS FRAMEWORK 53 4.1 53 4.2 Mining/Extraction 4.1.1 Resource Extraction 54 4.1.2 Evaporation 54 4.1.3 Purified or Refined Lithium 54 Battery Production and Assembly 4.2.1 Battery Cell Materials 57 57 v 4.3 4.4 4.2.2 Battery Cell Fabrication and Production 58 4.2.3 Battery Final Pack Assembly 58 Vehicle Manufacturing 60 4.3.1 Installation 60 4.3.2 Warehouse Storage 61 4.3.3 Dealership 61 Consumers 62 4.4.1 Service Station 4.5 63 End of Life 65 4.5.1 Landfill 65 4.5.2 Third Party Recycling 66 4.5.3 Hazardous Waste Site 66 A PROPOSED LITHIUM LIFECYCLE ASSESSMENT MODEL 70 5.1 71 Resource Extraction Module 5.1.1 Brines 71 5.1.2 Mining and Processing Operation 72 5.1.2.1 Machinery and Equipment 73 5.1.2.2 Products 73 5.1.3 Transportation 74 5.2 Battery Production and Assembly Module 76 5.3 Vehicle Manufacturing Module 77 5.4 Consumer Module 79 5.5 End of Life Module 80 5.5.1 Landfill 80 5.5.2 Third Party Recycling 81 5.5.3 Hazardous Waste Processes 81 CONCLUSION 83 vi REFERENCES 86 vii LIST OF TABLES Table Performance Characteristics of Li-ion Batteries in EV, HEV, and PHEV (Lowe, et al., 2010) Table 2: Overview of Four Battery Technologies and Limitations for Hybrid Vehicles 20 Table 3: Input and Output Quantities from Brine and Hard-Rock Process 74 Table 4: Input and Output Quantities from Battery Manufacturing Module 77 Table 5: Input and Output Quantities from Vehicle Manufacturing Module 79 Table 6: Input Shu - Te University College of Management Graduate School of Business Administration Master A Study on the relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction in Hanoi’s tourism Student: Tran Hong Hanh Advisors: Dr. Jau-Shyong Wang Dr. Sheng-Jung Li Co-advisor: Dr. Dao Thi Thu Giang May, 2014 1 2 Shu-Te University Graduate School of Business Administration Thesis A Study on the relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction in Hanoi’s tourism Tran Hong Hanh May, 2014 A Study on the relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction in Hanoi’s tourism Student: Tran Hong Hanh 3 Advisor: Dr. Jau-Shyong Wang Dr. Sheng-Jung Li Co-Advisor: Dr. Dao Thi Thu Giang A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate School of Business Administration College of Management Shu-Te University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Master in Business Administration May, 2014 Graduate Student of Shu-Te University Recommendation Letter from Thesis Adviser 4 This Student Tran Hong Hanh, whose thesis entitled “A Study on the relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction in Hanoi’s tourism”, is under my advisory and agree to submit for examination. Adviser : Co-Adviser : Date : / / 5 Graduate School of Business Administration, Shu-Te University A Study on the relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction in Hanoi’s tourism Student: Tran Hong Hanh Adviser: Dr. Jau-Shyong Wang Dr. Sheng-Jung Li Co-adviser: Dr. Dao Thi Thu Giang ABSTRACT The main purpose of this study is to test the level of factors of service quality and the impact of them on customer satisfaction in Hanoi’s tourism. The research method used in this study is quantitative method with multivariate statistical analysis steps such as: testing by Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient, explore descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, regression analysis. From 206 valid answered questionnaires, the research results show that there are four main factors affecting tourist satisfaction including (1) core tourism experience, (2) fairness of price, (3) value for money, and (4) security. In which, the factor “value for money” has biggest impact intensity, next is the factor “security”, “fairness of price” and the last is the factor “core tourism experience”. Moreover, the research results also show conclusion, limitations as well as directions for further researches in the future. Keywords: Customer Satisfaction, tourist satisfaction, tourist destination, SERVQUAL, SERVPERF i ACKNOWLEDGMENTS During the implementation of this thesis, I have received much help from the people who have helped me. Without them I could not have completed this thesis, so I wanted to express my deep gratitude to those who helped me. First, I would like to express our gratitude to the teachers of the University SHU-TE and the University of Foreign Trade who taught me and helped me throughout the course. Special thanks to Dr. Jau-Shyong Wang, Dr. Sheng-Jung Li, University of SHU-TE and Dr. Dao Thi Thu Giang, Vice President of Foreign Trade University who provided constant guidance and very useful advice for me to complete this thesis. Next, I would like to thank to my classmates who share and help me during the study at the University of SHU-TE. I also thank the colleagues in Department of Culture, Sports and Tourism who have helped me in the process of surveying and data collection in this thesis. Finally I really thank my family and friends who have shared, encouraged me during the learning process ... collectively-held set of understandings and beliefs, was a vital factor in shaping interstate diplomacy and determining the shifts in the character of the relationship between Siam and Vietnam The two societies... Bangkok and Hue, as well as the courts’ records, showed the attitudes towards each other and their interaction The diplomatic rhetoric showed the evolution of their relations, attitudes and, in some... SIAM’S AND VIETNAM’S PERCEPTIONS OF THEIR DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS Siamese and Vietnamese attitudes towards each other’s involvement in Cambodia and Lao kingdoms Their attitudes influenced the diplomacy